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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L992	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Natalus stramineus espiritosantensis [synonym of]	Natalus macrourus	Natalus macrourus	Natalus macrourus	Natalus espiritosantensis	Natalus macrourus	Natalus macrourus	Natalus macrourus	Natalus macrourus	Natalus macrourus		[HMW] Spectrellum macrourum P. Gervais in Castelnau, 1856, no type locality given. Identified by P. Gervais in 1856 as Bahia , Brazil . Natalus espiritosantensis , named by A. Ruschi in 1951, was briefly considered to be the valid name until illustrations of Spectrellum macrourum revealed it to represent a species of Natalus and therefore the oldest name available for the Brazilian population of the genus. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Distinct from stramineus; see Tejedor (2011). See Garbino and Tejedor (2012) for the change in species name from espiritosantensis to macrourus ; [MDD2022] split from N. stramineus (as espiritosantensis); then name macrourus has been shown to be the oldest name available for this species rather than espiritosantensis; [IUCN] Formerly <u>Natalus espiritosantensis</u> was considered a subspecies of N. stramineus .; [batnames2023] Distinct from stramineus; see Tejedor (2011). See Garbino and Tejedor (2012) for the change in species name from espiritosantensis to macrourus ; [MDD2023] split from N. stramineus (as espiritosantensis); then name macrourus has been shown to be the oldest name available for this species rather than espiritosantensis; [MDD2025_2.0] split from N. stramineus (as espiritosantensis); then name macrourus has been shown to be the oldest name available for this species rather than espiritosantensis; [batnames2025_1.7] Distinct from stramineus; see Tejedor (2011). See Garbino and Tejedor (2012) for the change in species name from espiritosantensis to macrourus; [MDD2025_2.2] split from N. stramineus (as espiritosantensis); then name macrourus has been shown to be the oldest name available for this species rather than espiritosantensis												macrourus 	macrourus - espiritosantensis	macrourus, natalensis, espiritosantensis	Formerly <u>Natalus espiritosantensis</u> was considered a subspecies of N. stramineus .	macrourus 	macrourus - espiritosantensis	macrourus, natalensis, espiritosantensis	macrourus, macrurum, espiritosantensis, natalensis	macrourus 	macrourus - espiritosantensis	macrourus (P. Gervais, 1855)|macrurum (P. Gervais, 1856) [incorrect subsequent spelling]|espiritosantensis (Ruschi, 1951)|natalensis G. G. Goodwin, 1959|esperitosantensis Koopman, 1994 [incorrect subsequent spelling]						N/A																																								NA																											290787FFFFA31874FF1792A8ECA63C1A	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Natalidae_584.pdf.imf	hash://md5/d53eff87ffa41873ffba9505eb7b3516	596	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/29/07/87/290787FFFFA31874FF1792A8ECA63C1A.xml	Natalus macrourus	Natalidae	Natalus	macrourus		1855	Natalide du Brésil @fr | Brasilien-Trichterohr @de | Natalido de Brasil @es	Spectrellum macrourum P. Gervais in Castelnau, 1856, no type locality given. Identified by P. Gervais in 1856 as Bahia , Brazil . Natalus espiritosantensis , named by A. Ruschi in 1951, was briefly considered to be the valid name until illustrations of Spectrellum macrourum revealed it to represent a species of Natalus and therefore the oldest name available for the Brazilian population of the genus. Monotypic.	South America S of Amazon River, including C & E Brazil (from Para S to Sao Paulo states), E Bolivia , and Paraguay .	Far 12-159 mm, forearm 37-421 mm (males) and 37-2— 40-4 mm (females); weight 6 g . Pelage is usually darker dorsally than ventrally; pelage is pale buff ventrally and light brown dorsally to bright yellowish brown both ventrally and dorsally; dorsal hairs are bicolored, with tips darker than bases; ventral pelage is unicolored. There are dense mustache-like hair tufts along lateral margins of upper lip and on dorsum of muzzle. Medial and lateral ear margins are deeply concave; there are 5-6 ear pleats; pinna is funnel-shaped but with markedly pointed tip. Natalid organ of malesis relatively flat, elliptical to wedge-shaped, and extends onto crown. Wings attach to tibia above ankle; free margin of uropatagium has sparse fringe of thin hairs; ungual tufts are absent. Braincase is inflated, rising abruptly from rostrum; premaxilla is not inflated; maxilla dorsal to molars is convex and not inflated; postorbital region of skull in dorsal view has sides widely diverging rostrally; palate is present between pterygoids; caudal margins of maxilla in ventral view form acute angle with longitudinal axis of skull; basisphenoid pits are shallow; mesostylar crest on third molar is absent.	From xeric (caatinga) through dry (cerrado) to moist (Amazonian and Atlantic forests) habitats at elevations of 0—1000 m . The Brazilian Funnel-eared Bat has been found roosting in humid (relative humidity ¢.95%) but not particularly hot (22-25°C) caves, opening in sandstone or limestone, and that usually contain open water bodies.	There is no specific information available for this species, but the Brazilian Funnel-eared Batis certainly insectivorous.	Pregnant Brazilian Funnel-eared Bats have been found in Mato Grosso do Sul and Sergipe states, Brazil , in January and February, and post-lactating females and juveniles have been found in April, indicating a similar synchronicity of parturition with peak of summeras has been found in congeners from the Northern Hemisphere.	Brazilian Funnel-eared Bats are nocturnal.	Single sex groups of Brazilian Funnel-eared Bats are encountered in spring (November) and suggest a pattern of sexual segregation around the time of parturition similar to that of other funnel-eared bats. Changes in cave populations from 20-100 individuals to more than 1000 individuals were observed in Sergipe State , Brazil , coinciding with beginning of rainy season, suggesting immigration or local switching of roost caves as has been described for funneleared bats elsewhere. The Brazilian Funnel-eared Bat can share roosting caves with 22 other bat species.	Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List (as N. espiritosantensis ). The Brazilian Funnel-eared Bat has the widest distribution of any natalid, but it seems to be rare over much of that area. Colonies are comparatively small, ranging from 5-10 individuals to ¢.50 individuals. Its habitat is threatened by agriculture and deliberate extermination of cave colonies, and it is estimated that 54% of its habitat has already been lost. Protection of any cave containing the Brazilian Funnel-eared Bat is imperative.	Delgado-Jaramillo et al. (2018) | Garbino & Tejedor (2013) | Gervais (1856b) | Gregorin & Mendes (1999) | Lopez-Gonzélez et al. (1998) | Pine & Ruschi (1976) | Rocha, Mikalauskas et al. (2013) | Ruschi (1951, 1970) | Taddei & Uieda (2001) | Tavares, Aguiar et al. (2010) | Tavares, Nobre et al. (2017) | Tejedor (2006, 2011) | Trajano & Gimenez (1998) | Trajano & Moreira (1991)	https://zenodo.org/record/6811126/files/figure.png	12. Brazilian Funnel-eared Bat Natalus macrourus French: Natalide du Brésil / German: Brasilien-Trichterohr / Spanish: Natalido de Brasil Taxonomy. Spectrellum macrourum P. Gervais in Castelnau, 1856, no type locality given. Identified by P. Gervais in 1856 as Bahia , Brazil . Natalus espiritosantensis , named by A. Ruschi in 1951, was briefly considered to be the valid name until illustrations of Spectrellum macrourum revealed it to represent a species of Natalus and therefore the oldest name available for the Brazilian population of the genus. Monotypic. Distribution. South America S of Amazon River, including C & E Brazil (from Para S to Sao Paulo states), E Bolivia , and Paraguay . Descriptive notes. Far 12-159 mm, forearm 37-421 mm (males) and 37-2— 40-4 mm (females); weight 6 g . Pelage is usually darker dorsally than ventrally; pelage is pale buff ventrally and light brown dorsally to bright yellowish brown both ventrally and dorsally; dorsal hairs are bicolored, with tips darker than bases; ventral pelage is unicolored. There are dense mustache-like hair tufts along lateral margins of upper lip and on dorsum of muzzle. Medial and lateral ear margins are deeply concave; there are 5-6 ear pleats; pinna is funnel-shaped but with markedly pointed tip. Natalid organ of malesis relatively flat, elliptical to wedge-shaped, and extends onto crown. Wings attach to tibia above ankle; free margin of uropatagium has sparse fringe of thin hairs; ungual tufts are absent. Braincase is inflated, rising abruptly from rostrum; premaxilla is not inflated; maxilla dorsal to molars is convex and not inflated; postorbital region of skull in dorsal view has sides widely diverging rostrally; palate is present between pterygoids; caudal margins of maxilla in ventral view form acute angle with longitudinal axis of skull; basisphenoid pits are shallow; mesostylar crest on third molar is absent. Habitat. From xeric (caatinga) through dry (cerrado) to moist (Amazonian and Atlantic forests) habitats at elevations of 0—1000 m . The Brazilian Funnel-eared Bat has been found roosting in humid (relative humidity ¢.95%) but not particularly hot (22-25°C) caves, opening in sandstone or limestone, and that usually contain open water bodies. Food and Feeding. There is no specific information available for this species, but the Brazilian Funnel-eared Batis certainly insectivorous. Breeding. Pregnant Brazilian Funnel-eared Bats have been found in Mato Grosso do Sul and Sergipe states, Brazil , in January and February, and post-lactating females and juveniles have been found in April, indicating a similar synchronicity of parturition with peak of summeras has been found in congeners from the Northern Hemisphere. Activity patterns. Brazilian Funnel-eared Bats are nocturnal. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Single sex groups of Brazilian Funnel-eared Bats are encountered in spring (November) and suggest a pattern of sexual segregation around the time of parturition similar to that of other funnel-eared bats. Changes in cave populations from 20-100 individuals to more than 1000 individuals were observed in Sergipe State , Brazil , coinciding with beginning of rainy season, suggesting immigration or local switching of roost caves as has been described for funneleared bats elsewhere. The Brazilian Funnel-eared Bat can share roosting caves with 22 other bat species. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List (as N. espiritosantensis ). The Brazilian Funnel-eared Bat has the widest distribution of any natalid, but it seems to be rare over much of that area. Colonies are comparatively small, ranging from 5-10 individuals to ¢.50 individuals. Its habitat is threatened by agriculture and deliberate extermination of cave colonies, and it is estimated that 54% of its habitat has already been lost. Protection of any cave containing the Brazilian Funnel-eared Bat is imperative. Bibliography. Delgado-Jaramillo et al. (2018), Garbino & Tejedor (2013), Gervais (1856b), Gregorin & Mendes (1999), Lopez-Gonzélez et al. (1998), Pine & Ruschi (1976), Rocha, Mikalauskas et al. (2013), Ruschi (1951, 1970), Taddei & Uieda (2001), Tavares, Aguiar et al. (2010), Tavares, Nobre et al. (2017), Tejedor (2006, 2011), Trajano & Gimenez (1998), Trajano & Moreira (1991).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Natalidae	Natalus macrourus	Natalus		macrourus	Gervais	1856	1	Documents zoologique pour servir a la monographie de Cheiropteres sud-americains	4:51	Long-tailed Greater Funnel-eared Bat	 espiritosantensis Ruschi, 1951	Brazil, Bahia	Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay	Not listed.	Near Threatened as Natalus espiritosantensis 	Distinct from stramineus; see Tejedor (2011). See Garbino and Tejedor (2012) for the change in species name from espiritosantensis to macrourus 	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Natalus macrourus	23	Brazilian Funnel-eared Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	NATALIDAE	NA	NA	Natalus	NA	macrourus	P. Gervais	1856	1						no type locality given. Identified by P. Gervais in 1856 as Bahia, Brazil.			macrourus (P. Gervais, 1856)|natalensis G. G. Goodwin, 1959|espiritosantensis (Ruschi, 1951)	split from N. stramineus (as espiritosantensis); then name macrourus has been shown to be the oldest name available for this species rather than espiritosantensis	Tejedor, A. (2011). Systematics of funnel-eared bats (Chiroptera: Natalidae). Bulletin of the american Museum of natural History, 1-140.|Garbino, G. S., & Tejedor, A. (2013). Natalus macrourus (Gervais, 1856)(Chiroptera: Natalidae) is a senior synonym of Natalus espiritosantensis (Ruschi, 1951). Mammalia, 77(2), 237-240.	Brazil|Bolivia|Paraguay	South America	Neotropic	NA	0	0	0	Natalus_macrourus	0	unmatched	NA	1	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	136448	Natalus espiritosantensis	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	NATALIDAE	Natalus	espiritosantensis	Ruschi, 1951	Formerly <u>Natalus espiritosantensis</u> was considered a subspecies of N. stramineus .	20000000	Natalus espiritosantensis	Near Threatened		2016	2016-05-23 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	<span lang="EN-US">This species is listed as Near Threatened because, although the species is still reasonably widely distributed, it is an infrequently encountered species and dependent upon a highly fragile habitat (caves). <span lang="IT">The practice of extermination of cave bat colonies (in campaigns against rabies), that is widespread in Brazil, is considered the cause of massive declines in populations of cave bat species, suspected with a rate of 20-25% over the past three generations (with a generation length of 5 years; Pacifici et al. 2013). <span lang="EN-US">This species is close to qualifying for Vulnerable based on A2c.</span>	This species is known from over 30 localities, of which 17 are caves. It has been captured in mistnets in five localities (in Brazil and Bolivia). It roosts in caves opening both in sandstone and in limestone. The caves where N. espiritosantensis has been found are humid but not hot (Tejedor 2011).	It is an infrequently encountered species, and may be threatened by the practice of extermination of cave bat colonies (in campaigns against rabies) that is widespread in Brazil. Large karst areas of southeast Brazil seem to have already suffered massive declines in populations of cave bat species. The vast geographic range of this species suggest that remote populations will escape intense human disturbance, but if bat extermination campaigns continue in the densely populated rural areas of Brazil, this bat may become extinct over a large part of its range (Tejedor 2011).	Natalus espiritosantensis is the species of natalid with the widest geographic distribution, but it is apparently rare over much of its ;large range (Tejedor 2011). Colony sizes seem comparatively small, ranging from ;5–10 individuals to about 50. It is an infrequently encountered species, and may be threatened by the practice of extermination of cave bat colonies that is widespread in Brazil. Large karst areas of southeast Brazil seem to have already suffered massive declines in populations of ;cave bat species (Tejedor 2011). However, it may be locally abundant based on numbers found in day roosts (Gardner 2008).	Unknown	This bat occurs from Para to the south to São Paulo and Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil), Paraguay and eastern Bolivia (Gardner 2008, Tejedor 2011). There is some controversy about the valid name for this species: some authors (Garbino and Tejedor 2013) suggest that N. macrourus (Gervais 1856) with type locality at Bahia, Brazil, would be the oldest available name for this taxon (see also Tejedor 2006).		Terrestrial	Most of the current efforts should be put on protect the caves and provide environmental education, about ecosystem services provided by bats (pests control) and real risk of rabies in these species.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Natalidae	Natalus		macrourus	Gervais	1856	1	Documents zoologique pour servir a la monographie de Cheiropteres sud-americains	4:51	Long-tailed Greater Funnel-eared Bat	 espiritosantensis Ruschi, 1951	Brazil, Bahia	Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay	Not listed.	Near Threatened as Natalus espiritosantensis 	Distinct from stramineus; see Tejedor (2011). See Garbino and Tejedor (2012) for the change in species name from espiritosantensis to macrourus 	Natalus macrourus	1005275	23	Brazilian Funnel-eared Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Natalidae	NA	NA	Natalus	NA	macrourus	P. Gervais	1856	1						no type locality given. Identified by P. Gervais in 1856 as Bahia, Brazil.			macrourus (P. Gervais, 1856)|natalensis G. G. Goodwin, 1959|espiritosantensis (Ruschi, 1951)	split from N. stramineus (as espiritosantensis); then name macrourus has been shown to be the oldest name available for this species rather than espiritosantensis	Tejedor, A. (2011). Systematics of funnel-eared bats (Chiroptera: Natalidae). Bulletin of the american Museum of natural History, 1-140.|Garbino, G. S., & Tejedor, A. (2013). Natalus macrourus (Gervais, 1856)(Chiroptera: Natalidae) is a senior synonym of Natalus espiritosantensis (Ruschi, 1951). Mammalia, 77(2), 237-240.				Brazil|Bolivia|Paraguay	South America	Neotropic	NA	0	0	0	Natalus_macrourus	0	unmatched	NA	1	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Natalus_macrourus	1005275	23	Brazilian Funnel-eared Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Natalidae	NA	NA	Natalus	NA	macrourus	P. Gervais	1	Spectrellum macrourum	Gervais, P. 1855-07-23. Animaux nouveaux ou rares recueillis pendant l'expédition dans les parties centrales de l'Amérique du Sud, de Rio de Janeiro a Lima, et de Lima au Para; exécutée par ordre du gouvernement français pendant les années 1843 a 1847, sous la direction du comte Francis de Castelnau, Mammifères. P. Bertrand, Paris, 116 pp.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49076235				no type locality given. Identified by P. Gervais in 1856 as Bahia, Brazil.			split from N. stramineus (as espiritosantensis); then name macrourus has been shown to be the oldest name available for this species rather than espiritosantensis	Tejedor, A. (2011). Systematics of funnel-eared bats (Chiroptera: Natalidae). Bulletin of the american Museum of natural History, 1-140.|Garbino, G. S., & Tejedor, A. (2013). Natalus macrourus (Gervais, 1856)(Chiroptera: Natalidae) is a senior synonym of Natalus espiritosantensis (Ruschi, 1951). Mammalia, 77(2), 237-240.				Brazil|Bolivia|Paraguay	South America	Neotropic	NE	0	0	0	Natalus_macrourus	0	unmatched	NA	1	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Natalidae	Natalus		macrourus	Gervais	1856	1	In F. Comte de Castelnau, Exped. Partes Cen. Am. Sud., Zool. (Sec. 7)	Vol. 1, pt. 2 (Mammifères): 51	Long-tailed Greater Funnel-eared Bat	espiritosantensis Ruschi, 1951	Brazil, Bahia	Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	Not Evaluated	Distinct from stramineus; see Tejedor (2011). See Garbino and Tejedor (2012) for the change in species name from espiritosantensis to macrourus		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Natalus macrourus; Natalus macrourus; Natalus macrourus; Natalus espiritosantensis; Natalus macrourus; espiritosantensis; macrourus; natalensis; espiritosantensis; Natalide du Brésil; Brasilien-Trichterohr; Natalido de Brasil; Brazilian Funnel-eared Bat; Long-tailed Greater Funnel-eared Bat; N. macrourus