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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L991	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	Natalus stramineus [synonym of]	Natalus stramineus jamaicensis	Natalus jamaicensis	Natalus jamaicensis	Natalus jamaicensis	Natalus jamaicensis	Natalus jamaicensis	Natalus jamaicensis	Natalus jamaicensis	Natalus jamaicensis	Natalus jamaicensis	Natalus jamaicensis		[MSW3] Formerly included in stramineus, but clearly distinct from that species; see Morgan (1989b) and Morgan and Czaplewski (2003). Also distinct from major and primus (A. Tejedor, pers. comm.). See Arroyo-Cabrales et al. (1997), who reviewed genetic variation and possible relationships of populations of jamaicensis, major, and stramineus (although note that all were treated as stramineus). Reviewed by Goodwin (1959b).; [HMW] Natalus major jamaicensis G. G. Goodwin, 1959 , “St. Clair, St. Catherine Parish, Jamaica , British West Indies.” This species is monotypic.; [batnames2022] Formerly included in stramineus , but clearly distinct from that species; see Morgan (1989 b ) and Morgan and Czaplewski (2003).Also distinct from major and primus (A. Tejedor, pers. comm.). See Arroyo-Cabrales et al. (1997), who reviewed geneticvariation and possible relationships of populations of jamaicensis , major, and stramineus (although note that allwere treated as stramineus ). Reviewed by Goodwin (1959 b ).; [IUCN] Formerly included in N. stramineus , but clearly distinct from that species.; [batnames2023] Formerly included in stramineus , but clearly distinct from that species; see Morgan (1989 b ) and Morgan and Czaplewski (2003).Also distinct from major and primus (A. Tejedor, pers. comm.). See Arroyo-Cabrales et al. (1997), who reviewed geneticvariation and possible relationships of populations of jamaicensis , major, and stramineus (although note that allwere treated as stramineus ). Reviewed by Goodwin (1959 b ).; [batnames2025_1.7] Formerly included in stramineus, but clearly distinct from that species; see Morgan (1989b) and Morgan and Czaplewski (2003).Also distinct from major and primus (A. Tejedor, pers. comm.). See Arroyo-Cabrales et al. (1997), who reviewed geneticvariation and possible relationships of populations of jamaicensis, major, and stramineus (although note that allwere treated as stramineus). Reviewed by Goodwin (1959b).														jamaicensis	Formerly included in N. stramineus , but clearly distinct from that species.			jamaicensis 	jamaicensis 			jamaicensis G. G. Goodwin, 1959						N/A																																								NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Natalidae			Natalus jamaicensis	Natalus		jamaicensis	Goodwin		1959		Amer. Mus. Novit.	1977		910		Jamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bat	Jamaica, St. Catherine Parish, St. Clair.	Jamaica.	IUCN 2003 – Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).		Formerly included in stramineus, but clearly distinct from that species; see Morgan (1989b) and Morgan and Czaplewski (2003). Also distinct from major and primus (A. Tejedor, pers. comm.). See Arroyo-Cabrales et al. (1997), who reviewed genetic variation and possible relationships of populations of jamaicensis, major, and stramineus (although note that all were treated as stramineus). Reviewed by Goodwin (1959b).	290787FFFFA01877FF379C56EDD03352	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Natalidae_584.pdf.imf	hash://md5/d53eff87ffa41873ffba9505eb7b3516	593	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/29/07/87/290787FFFFA01877FF379C56EDD03352.xml	Natalus jamaicensis	Natalidae	Natalus	jamaicensis		1959	Natalide de Jamaique @fr | Grol Res Jamaika-Trichterohr @de | Natalido de Jamaica @es	Natalus major jamaicensis G. G. Goodwin, 1959 , “St. Clair, St. Catherine Parish, Jamaica , British West Indies.” This species is monotypic.	Known only from type locality In Jamaica .	Head—body 51-52 mm, tail 57-58 mm, ear 15-3-19-1 mm, forearm 44-47 mm (males) and 44-6— 47 mm (females); weight 5:9-6-7 g (males) and 6-8-7-3 g (females). Pelage is dense and long. Dorsal hairs are bicolored; hair bases are buff, and tips are sepia to tawny olive; ventral pelage is slightly bicolored, with buff bases and pinkish-buff tips, rarely unicolored. There are dense mustache-like hair tufts along lateral margins of upper lip and on dorsum of muzzle; dense, lax, irregularly arranged, and ventrally curved hairs form mustache. Medial ear margin is straight; lateral ear margins are deeply concave; there are 5-6 ear pleats; pinna have markedly pointed tip. Natalid organ of males is relatively flat, elliptical to wedge-shaped, and extends onto crown. Wings are relatively broad and attached to tibia above ankle; free margin of uropatagium has sparse fringe of thin hairs; ungual tufts are absent. It has distinctively shaped skull, especially markedly inflated braincase, rising abruptly above rostrum, and postorbital region of skull in dorsal view with sides nearly parallel. Premaxilla is not inflated; maxilla dorsal to molars is convex and not inflated; palate is present between pterygoids; caudal margins of maxilla in ventral view form acute angle with longitudinal axis of skull; basisphenoid pits are shallow; mesostylar crest on third molar is absent. Karyotype is 2n = 36.	Secondary semideciduous forest at an elevation of 100 m . The Jamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bat is known from a single cave, St. Clair Cave, St. Catherine Parish, Jamaica . In the cave, it has been found at the entrance of a hot passage through which a permanent stream runs and in a protected lateral recess 3-7 m above the floor of the hot passage.	There is no specific information available for this species, but the Jamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bat is certainly insectivorous.	Twenty-five female Jamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bats captured in July and December did not show signs of reproductive activity.	TheJamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bat emerges after sunset and has intermittent foraging bouts extending until daybreak. Its flight has been described as fluttery and moth-like. It dehydrates very rapidly when taken outside ofits roost cave.	Jamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bats usually roost hanging from a single foot and keep a distance between each other of c¢. 10 cm . Nine other bat species have been found in St. Clair Cave. The Jamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bat seems to roost only with the Caribbean Lesser Funnel-eared Bat ( Chilonatalus micropus ) but forms separate groups, with the formerin the first 50 m of the hot passage and the latter replacing it further into the hot section.	Classified as Critically Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Jamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bat might be one of the world’s mammals at greatest risk of extinction. Although it has been intensively collected and is represented in museums by at least 78 specimens,its population size appears to be very small. Observers have usually found it to be the rarest ofJamaican bats, and the only estimate reported c.50 individuals, alarmingly low. The only known roostsite, St. Clair Cave, receives no form ofofficial protection and is open to unregulated human visitation. The cave also has a resident population of feral cats that feed on the cave’s bats. Because the last known survey of St. Clair Cave in 2001 failed to detect the Jamaican Greater Funneleared Bat, immediate efforts are needed to understand its current status to formulate a plan forits protection.	Davalos & Eriksson (2003) | Genoways et al. (2005) | Goodwin (1959b, 1970) | Hoyt & Baker (1980) | McFarlane (1997) | Miller (1902a) | Tejedor (2011) | Tejedor, Tavares & Rodriguez-Hernandez (2005) | Tejedor, Tavares & Silva (2005)	https://zenodo.org/record/6811112/files/figure.png	6. Jamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bat Natalus jamaicensis French: Natalide de Jamaique / German: GrolRes Jamaika-Trichterohr / Spanish: Natalido de Jamaica Taxonomy. Natalus major jamaicensis G. G. Goodwin, 1959 , “St. Clair, St. Catherine Parish, Jamaica , British West Indies.” This species is monotypic. Distribution. Known only from type locality In Jamaica . Descriptive notes. Head—body 51-52 mm, tail 57-58 mm, ear 15-3-19-1 mm, forearm 44-47 mm (males) and 44-6— 47 mm (females); weight 5:9-6-7 g (males) and 6-8-7-3 g (females). Pelage is dense and long. Dorsal hairs are bicolored; hair bases are buff, and tips are sepia to tawny olive; ventral pelage is slightly bicolored, with buff bases and pinkish-buff tips, rarely unicolored. There are dense mustache-like hair tufts along lateral margins of upper lip and on dorsum of muzzle; dense, lax, irregularly arranged, and ventrally curved hairs form mustache. Medial ear margin is straight; lateral ear margins are deeply concave; there are 5-6 ear pleats; pinna have markedly pointed tip. Natalid organ of males is relatively flat, elliptical to wedge-shaped, and extends onto crown. Wings are relatively broad and attached to tibia above ankle; free margin of uropatagium has sparse fringe of thin hairs; ungual tufts are absent. It has distinctively shaped skull, especially markedly inflated braincase, rising abruptly above rostrum, and postorbital region of skull in dorsal view with sides nearly parallel. Premaxilla is not inflated; maxilla dorsal to molars is convex and not inflated; palate is present between pterygoids; caudal margins of maxilla in ventral view form acute angle with longitudinal axis of skull; basisphenoid pits are shallow; mesostylar crest on third molar is absent. Karyotype is 2n = 36. Habitat. Secondary semideciduous forest at an elevation of 100 m . The Jamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bat is known from a single cave, St. Clair Cave, St. Catherine Parish, Jamaica . In the cave, it has been found at the entrance of a hot passage through which a permanent stream runs and in a protected lateral recess 3-7 m above the floor of the hot passage. Food and Feeding. There is no specific information available for this species, but the Jamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bat is certainly insectivorous. Breeding. Twenty-five female Jamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bats captured in July and December did not show signs of reproductive activity. Activity patterns. TheJamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bat emerges after sunset and has intermittent foraging bouts extending until daybreak. Its flight has been described as fluttery and moth-like. It dehydrates very rapidly when taken outside ofits roost cave. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Jamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bats usually roost hanging from a single foot and keep a distance between each other of c¢. 10 cm . Nine other bat species have been found in St. Clair Cave. The Jamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bat seems to roost only with the Caribbean Lesser Funnel-eared Bat ( Chilonatalus micropus ) but forms separate groups, with the formerin the first 50 m of the hot passage and the latter replacing it further into the hot section. Status and Conservation. Classified as Critically Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Jamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bat might be one of the world’s mammals at greatest risk of extinction. Although it has been intensively collected and is represented in museums by at least 78 specimens,its population size appears to be very small. Observers have usually found it to be the rarest ofJamaican bats, and the only estimate reported c.50 individuals, alarmingly low. The only known roostsite, St. Clair Cave, receives no form ofofficial protection and is open to unregulated human visitation. The cave also has a resident population of feral cats that feed on the cave’s bats. Because the last known survey of St. Clair Cave in 2001 failed to detect the Jamaican Greater Funneleared Bat, immediate efforts are needed to understand its current status to formulate a plan forits protection. Bibliography. Davalos & Eriksson (2003), Genoways et al. (2005), Goodwin (1959b, 1970), Hoyt & Baker (1980), McFarlane (1997), Miller (1902a), Tejedor (2011), Tejedor, Tavares & Rodriguez-Hernandez (2005), Tejedor, Tavares & Silva (2005).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Natalidae	Natalus jamaicensis	Natalus		jamaicensis	Goodwin	1959	0	Amer. Mus. Novit.	1992:10:00	Jamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bat	None.	Jamaica, St. Catherine Parish, St. Clair.	Jamaica.	Not listed.	Critically Endangered	Formerly included in stramineus , but clearly distinct from that species; see Morgan (1989 b ) and Morgan and Czaplewski (2003).Also distinct from major and primus (A. Tejedor, pers. comm.). See Arroyo-Cabrales et al. (1997), who reviewed geneticvariation and possible relationships of populations of jamaicensis , major, and stramineus (although note that allwere treated as stramineus ). Reviewed by Goodwin (1959 b ).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Natalus jamaicensis	23	Jamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	NATALIDAE	NA	NA	Natalus	NA	jamaicensis	G. G. Goodwin	1959	0	Natalus_major_jamaicensis	Goodwin, G. G. (1959). Bats of the subgenus Natalus. American Museum Novitates, 1977, 9.	http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/4078//v2/dspace/ingest/pdfSource/nov/N1977.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y	AMNH 182000		"St. Clair, St. Catherine Parish, Jamaica, British West Indies."			jamaicensis (G. G. Goodwin, 1959)	NA	NA	Jamaica	North America	Neotropic	CR	0	0	0	Natalus_jamaicensis	0	sciname match	Natalus_jamaicensis	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	136824	Natalus jamaicensis	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	NATALIDAE	Natalus	jamaicensis	Goodwin, 1959	Formerly included in N. stramineus , but clearly distinct from that species.	20000000	Natalus jamaicensis	Critically Endangered	B2ab(ii,iii)	2016	2016-01-11 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Critically Endangered because its area of occupancy is probably less than 10 km², all individuals are in a single location (an "hot cave"), and there is continuing decline in the quality of the condition of this singular habitat. Roost site receives no form of official protection (Dávalos and Eriksson 2003) and it is open to unregulated human visitation. Also, the cave has resident populations of feral domestic cats that feed on bats (McFarlane 1997).	Apparently, this species requires large caves with high humidity to roost (Genoways et al. , 2005). This species is known from a single cave (Tejedor et al ., 2005). This species is moderately to highly gregarious with cave colonies estimated at fewer than 100 individuals (Tejedor et al . 2005). It occurs in the same cave with Natalus micropus (Hoyt and Baker, 1980), and other species. It occurs in a very dry and arid area with xerophytic vegetation. Its biology is poorly known (Genoways et al ., 2005). It is insectivorous (Nowak, 1999). It probably forages in rather cluttered vegetation and over relatively small home ranges (Tejedor et al . 2005).	This species’ only known roost site, St. Clair cave, receives no form of official protection (Dávalos and Eriksson 2003), and is thus open to unregulated human visitation. In addition, the cave has resident populations of feral domestic cats that feed on bats and rats of the cave (McFarlane 1997). Besides, this is a "hot cave", with poor ventilation and nearly constant high temperatures (26–40 C) and humidity (90%; Tejedor et al. 2005), therefore, slight changes on external conditions might have major impacts on the bat populations.	This bat is uncommon to frequent (Genoways et al.  2005). The size of St. Clair’s colony appears to be very small, the only numeric estimate is that of Goodwin (1970) who reports only about 50 bats of this ;species in St. Clair.	Decreasing	This species is known from a single cave in Jamaica (Simmons 2005), fossil remains came from another cave (Tejedor et al.  2005).		Terrestrial	Protected areas are needed for this species (particularly St Clair cave), as well as regulated access to the cave to prevent excessive visitations.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Natalidae	Natalus		jamaicensis	Goodwin	1959	0	Amer. Mus. Novit.	1977: 2, 9	Jamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bat	None.	Jamaica, St. Catherine Parish, St. Clair.	Jamaica.	Not listed.	Critically Endangered	Formerly included in stramineus , but clearly distinct from that species; see Morgan (1989 b ) and Morgan and Czaplewski (2003).Also distinct from major and primus (A. Tejedor, pers. comm.). See Arroyo-Cabrales et al. (1997), who reviewed geneticvariation and possible relationships of populations of jamaicensis , major, and stramineus (although note that allwere treated as stramineus ). Reviewed by Goodwin (1959 b ).	Natalus jamaicensis	1005273	23	Jamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Natalidae	NA	NA	Natalus	NA	jamaicensis	G. G. Goodwin	1959	0	Natalus_major_jamaicensis	Goodwin, G. G. (1959). Bats of the subgenus Natalus. American Museum Novitates, 1977, 9.	http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/4078//v2/dspace/ingest/pdfSource/nov/N1977.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y	AMNH 182000		"St. Clair, St. Catherine Parish, Jamaica, British West Indies."			jamaicensis (G. G. Goodwin, 1959)	NA	NA				Jamaica	North America	Neotropic	CR	0	0	0	Natalus_jamaicensis	0	sciname match	Natalus_jamaicensis	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Natalus_jamaicensis	1005273	23	Jamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Natalidae	NA	NA	Natalus	NA	jamaicensis	G. G. Goodwin	0	Natalus major jamaicensis	Goodwin, G.G. 1959-12-22. Bats of the subgenus _Natalus_. American Museum Novitates 1977:1-22.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/63295581	AMNH M-182000	holotype	http://portal.vertnet.org/o/amnh/mammals?id=urn-catalog-amnh-mammals-m-182000	"St. Clair, St. Catherine Parish, Jamaica, British West Indies."			NA	NA				Jamaica	North America	Neotropic	CR	0	0	0	Natalus_jamaicensis	0	sciname match	Natalus_jamaicensis	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Natalidae	Natalus		jamaicensis	Goodwin	1959	0	Amer. Mus. Novit.	1977: 2, 9	Jamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bat	None.	Jamaica, St. Catherine Parish, St. Clair.	Jamaica.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136824/22043871/' target='_blank'>Critically Endangered</a>	Formerly included in stramineus, but clearly distinct from that species; see Morgan (1989b) and Morgan and Czaplewski (2003).Also distinct from major and primus (A. Tejedor, pers. comm.). See Arroyo-Cabrales et al. (1997), who reviewed geneticvariation and possible relationships of populations of jamaicensis, major, and stramineus (although note that allwere treated as stramineus). Reviewed by Goodwin (1959b).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Natalus jamaicensis; Natalus jamaicensis; Natalus jamaicensis; Natalus jamaicensis; Natalus jamaicensis; Natalus jamaicensis; jamaicensis; Natalide de Jamaique; Grol Res Jamaika-Trichterohr; Natalido de Jamaica; Jamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bat; Jamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bat; Jamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bat; N. jamaicensis