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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L990	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Nanonycteris veldkampi	Nanonycteris veldkampi	Nanonycteris veldkampii	Nanonycteris veldkampi	Nanonycteris veldkampi	Nanonycteris veldkampii	Nanonycteris veldkampii	Nanonycteris veldkampii	Nanonycteris veldkampii	Nanonycteris veldkampii	Nanonycteris veldkampii	Nanonycteris veldkampii	Nanonycteris veldkampii	Nanonycteris veldkampii	Nanonycteris veldkampii		[MSW3] Sometimes misspelled veldkampi, but the original spelling is veldkampii.; [HMW] Epomophorus veldkampu Jentink, 1888 , “Buluma, Fisherman Lake,” Liberia . Nanonycteris veldkampii was originally assigned to Epomophorus and subsequently to its subgenus Nanonycteris , which was raised to full genus by K. Andersen in 1912. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Sometimes misspelled veldkampi , but the original spelling is veldkampii .; [batnames2023] Sometimes misspelled veldkampi , but the original spelling is veldkampii .; [batnames2025_1.7] Sometimes misspelled veldkampi, but the original spelling is veldkampii.														veldkampii				veldkampii 	veldkampii, veldkampi			veldkampii (Jentink, 1888)|veldkampi G. M. Allen & Coolidge, 1930 [incorrect subsequent spelling]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Veldkamp's dwarf fruit bat	Guinea – Cameroun	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Nanonycteris veldkampi	Liberia, Fisherman Lake, Buluma.	Jentink	1888	Notes Leyden Mus., 10:51.	Distribution: Same as for genus.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Veldkamp's dwarf fruit bat	Guinea – Congo Rep.	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Jentink	1888	Notes Leyden Mus., 10:51.		Guinea to Central African Republic.	Liberia, Fisherman Lake, Buluma.		JENTINCK	1887	Size small (forearm length, 45-51 mm; total length of skull, 24-28 mm).	Distribution: Same as for genus.	No subspecies.		32	species	N. veldkampi	JENTINCK	1887	Nanonycteris	genus	Nanonycteris veldkampi				Size small (forearm length, 45-51 mm; total length of skull, 24-28 mm).	No subspecies.		1. N. veldkampi (JENTINCK 1887).	1	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Nanonycteris veldkampii	Nanonycteris		veldkampii	Jentink	y	1888		Notes Leyden Mus.	10		51		Veldkamp's Dwarf Epauletted Fruit Bat	Liberia, Fisherman Lake, Buluma.	Guinea to Central African Republic.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – Not Threatened. IUCN 2003 – Lower Risk (lc).		Sometimes misspelled veldkampi, but the original spelling is veldkampii.	03AD87FAFFE2F60C89B23E5BF7CBF5EE	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	96	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFE2F60C89B23E5BF7CBF5EE.xml	Nanonycteris veldkampii	Pteropodidae	Nanonycteris	veldkampii		1888	Nanonyctére de Veldkamp @fr | Veldkamp-Zwergflughund @de | Nanonicterio de Veldkamp @es | \eldkamp’s Dwarf Epauletted Fruit Bat @en	Epomophorus veldkampu Jentink, 1888 , “Buluma, Fisherman Lake,” Liberia . Nanonycteris veldkampii was originally assigned to Epomophorus and subsequently to its subgenus Nanonycteris , which was raised to full genus by K. Andersen in 1912. Monotypic.	W Africa from Guinea to C & SW Cameroon and S Central African Republic ( Bangui ).	Head-body 69-80 mm (males) and 75-87 mm (females), tail 1-4 mm , ear 14-18 mm , forearm 46-52 mm (males) and 47-54 mm (females), hindfoot 12-16 mm (males) and 13-16 mm (females); weight 16-27 g (males) and 19- 36 g (females). Males average slightly smaller in body and skull measurements than females. Muzzle is moderately short, slender, and tapering; lips are slightly expansible; long hairs cover cheek and chin; and short white hairs surround nostrils. Eyes are large; irises are chestnut-brown. Ears are dark brown, naked, relatively long and narrow, and attenuated at tips, with anterior and posterior basal white ear patches. White or yellowish epaulettes occur on adult males and soft off-white hairs on shoulders of females. Dorsum is pale to medium brown, reddish brown, or grayish brown; pelage is dense, soft, and mid-dorsally 6-7 mm , extending over two-thirds of forearm and densely covering legs, major part of uropatagium, and posterior part of wing between fifth digit and foot. Venter is noticeably paler than dorsum; hairs are pale buffy gray to whitish. Wings have claw on second digits, membranes are brown and noticeably reticulated, fur covers about half of forearm, and wings emerge from sides of body and insert to second toes. Skull is short and delicate, rostrum is thin and tapering, orbit is very large, zygomatic arches are slender, and braincase is rounded and deflected. Post-dental palate is almost as wide as distance between posterior upper molars, with slight convexly curving sides. Mandible is very thin, and processes of ramus are reduced. There are 9-13 palatal ridges, of which five are interdental; ridges 1-3 are very thick and undivided, although exceptionally third can be notched or narrowly divided; ridges 4-8 (or 9) are thick in their central part, where there is also a small gap, and their anterior edge is notched and their lateral arms are serrated; and final ridges are thin and serrated, becoming weaker and less curved. Dental formula is12/2,C1/1,P 2/3, M 1/2 (x2) = 28. Dentition is relatively weak; upper tooth row is short, not reaching edge of orbit; and exceptionally an additional upper premolar 1s present.	Rainforest biotic zone in secondary forests and cultivated areas such as farmland, small plantations, and gardens and Guinea Savanna and Rainforest-Savanna Mosaic biotic zones in coastal and montane forests, mangroves, gallery forests, isolated forests patches, and exceptionally in undisturbed lowland rainforest from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 1200 m .	Veldkamp’s Epauletted Fruit Bat forages near the ground and close to vegetation, where it feeds throughout the night on figs, fruits, nectar, and pollen. Fruits and flower products are eaten from at least 13 genera in ten families. In Ivory Coast , there are three small activity peaks at ¢.20:00 h, 23:00 h, and 01:00 h, but in Ghana , it 1s most active between 22:00 h and 02:30 h.	Litter size of Veldkamp’s Epauletted Fruit Bat is one. Reproductive chronology is unknown, but it might be aseasonal or extended seasonal polyestry in West Africa where females do not appear to be in close reproductive synchrony. Seventy-five percent of captured females were pregnant in November—-December and 55% in May; almost 50% were pregnant, lactating, or both in July-August. At Mount Nimba ( Liberia ), males were sexually active in October-December.	Veldkamp’s Epauletted Fruit Bat is nocturnal. Day roosts are unknown, but Mano tribesmen (Mount Nimba area) indicated it inhabits old woodpecker and barbet holes. Males are suspected to call during the night to attract females because high-pitched repetitive sounds are often heard in gallery forests and relict forests in Comoé National Park ( Ivory Coast ). Individuals seemed widely spaced when they utter their monotonous calls.	Veldkamp’s Epauletted Fruit Bat shows some migratory patterns with both sexes moving between forests in dry season (October-February) and more northerly rainforest-savanna mosaic habitats at onset of wet season (March—June) or even further to Guinea savanna (April-July) and Sudan savanna (April-August), returning to rainforest-savanna habitats in August—January. These round-trips are 300-1100 km . In Ghana , a smaller migration might take place because individuals move southward from forest to Accra plains during wet season (March-September). During this migration, there might be some partial segregation of sexes, with females returning to rainforest zone c.1 month later than males. In the Guinean Mount Nimba region, Veldkamp’s Epauletted Fruit Bats seemed to be present during dry and wet seasons.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. Veldkamp’s Epauletted Fruit Bat has a wide distribution and presumably large population. It is unlikely to be declining fast enough to be assigned to a higher category. It faces no major threats, but habitat degradation might be a problem in parts of its distribution.	Andersen (1912b) | Bergmans (1989) | Coe (1975) | Denys et al. (2013) | Fahr (2013a) | Monadjem, Fahr, Hutson et al. (2017d) | Rosevear (1965) | Wolton etal. (1982)		61. Veldkamp’s Epauletted Fruit Bat Nanonycteris veldkampii French: Nanonyctére de Veldkamp / German: Veldkamp-Zwergflughund / Spanish: Nanonicterio de Veldkamp Other common names: \eldkamp’s Dwarf Epauletted Fruit Bat Taxonomy. Epomophorus veldkampu Jentink, 1888 , “Buluma, Fisherman Lake,” Liberia . Nanonycteris veldkampii was originally assigned to Epomophorus and subsequently to its subgenus Nanonycteris , which was raised to full genus by K. Andersen in 1912. Monotypic. Distribution. W Africa from Guinea to C & SW Cameroon and S Central African Republic ( Bangui ). Descriptive notes. Head-body 69-80 mm (males) and 75-87 mm (females), tail 1-4 mm , ear 14-18 mm , forearm 46-52 mm (males) and 47-54 mm (females), hindfoot 12-16 mm (males) and 13-16 mm (females); weight 16-27 g (males) and 19- 36 g (females). Males average slightly smaller in body and skull measurements than females. Muzzle is moderately short, slender, and tapering; lips are slightly expansible; long hairs cover cheek and chin; and short white hairs surround nostrils. Eyes are large; irises are chestnut-brown. Ears are dark brown, naked, relatively long and narrow, and attenuated at tips, with anterior and posterior basal white ear patches. White or yellowish epaulettes occur on adult males and soft off-white hairs on shoulders of females. Dorsum is pale to medium brown, reddish brown, or grayish brown; pelage is dense, soft, and mid-dorsally 6-7 mm , extending over two-thirds of forearm and densely covering legs, major part of uropatagium, and posterior part of wing between fifth digit and foot. Venter is noticeably paler than dorsum; hairs are pale buffy gray to whitish. Wings have claw on second digits, membranes are brown and noticeably reticulated, fur covers about half of forearm, and wings emerge from sides of body and insert to second toes. Skull is short and delicate, rostrum is thin and tapering, orbit is very large, zygomatic arches are slender, and braincase is rounded and deflected. Post-dental palate is almost as wide as distance between posterior upper molars, with slight convexly curving sides. Mandible is very thin, and processes of ramus are reduced. There are 9-13 palatal ridges, of which five are interdental; ridges 1-3 are very thick and undivided, although exceptionally third can be notched or narrowly divided; ridges 4-8 (or 9) are thick in their central part, where there is also a small gap, and their anterior edge is notched and their lateral arms are serrated; and final ridges are thin and serrated, becoming weaker and less curved. Dental formula is12/2,C1/1,P 2/3, M 1/2 (x2) = 28. Dentition is relatively weak; upper tooth row is short, not reaching edge of orbit; and exceptionally an additional upper premolar 1s present. Habitat. Rainforest biotic zone in secondary forests and cultivated areas such as farmland, small plantations, and gardens and Guinea Savanna and Rainforest-Savanna Mosaic biotic zones in coastal and montane forests, mangroves, gallery forests, isolated forests patches, and exceptionally in undisturbed lowland rainforest from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 1200 m . Food and Feeding. Veldkamp’s Epauletted Fruit Bat forages near the ground and close to vegetation, where it feeds throughout the night on figs, fruits, nectar, and pollen. Fruits and flower products are eaten from at least 13 genera in ten families. In Ivory Coast , there are three small activity peaks at ¢.20:00 h, 23:00 h, and 01:00 h, but in Ghana , it 1s most active between 22:00 h and 02:30 h. Breeding. Litter size of Veldkamp’s Epauletted Fruit Bat is one. Reproductive chronology is unknown, but it might be aseasonal or extended seasonal polyestry in West Africa where females do not appear to be in close reproductive synchrony. Seventy-five percent of captured females were pregnant in November—-December and 55% in May; almost 50% were pregnant, lactating, or both in July-August. At Mount Nimba ( Liberia ), males were sexually active in October-December. Activity patterns. Veldkamp’s Epauletted Fruit Bat is nocturnal. Day roosts are unknown, but Mano tribesmen (Mount Nimba area) indicated it inhabits old woodpecker and barbet holes. Males are suspected to call during the night to attract females because high-pitched repetitive sounds are often heard in gallery forests and relict forests in Comoé National Park ( Ivory Coast ). Individuals seemed widely spaced when they utter their monotonous calls. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Veldkamp’s Epauletted Fruit Bat shows some migratory patterns with both sexes moving between forests in dry season (October-February) and more northerly rainforest-savanna mosaic habitats at onset of wet season (March—June) or even further to Guinea savanna (April-July) and Sudan savanna (April-August), returning to rainforest-savanna habitats in August—January. These round-trips are 300-1100 km . In Ghana , a smaller migration might take place because individuals move southward from forest to Accra plains during wet season (March-September). During this migration, there might be some partial segregation of sexes, with females returning to rainforest zone c.1 month later than males. In the Guinean Mount Nimba region, Veldkamp’s Epauletted Fruit Bats seemed to be present during dry and wet seasons. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. Veldkamp’s Epauletted Fruit Bat has a wide distribution and presumably large population. It is unlikely to be declining fast enough to be assigned to a higher category. It faces no major threats, but habitat degradation might be a problem in parts of its distribution. Bibliography. Andersen (1912b), Bergmans (1989), Coe (1975), Denys et al. (2013), Fahr (2013a), Monadjem, Fahr, Hutson et al. (2017d), Rosevear (1965), Wolton etal. (1982).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Nanonycteris veldkampii	Nanonycteris		veldkampii	Jentink	1888	1	Notes Leyden Mus.	10:51	Veldkamp's Dwarf Epauletted Fruit Bat	None.	Liberia, Fisherman Lake, Buluma.	Guinea to Central African Republic.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Sometimes misspelled veldkampi , but the original spelling is veldkampii .	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Nanonycteris veldkampii	23	Veldkamp's Epauletted Fruit Bat	Veldkamp's Dwarf Epauletted Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	ROUSETTINAE	EPOMOPHORINI	Nanonycteris	NA	veldkampii	Jentink	1888	1	Epomophorus_veldkampii	Jentink, F. A. (1888). Zoological researches in Liberia. A list of mammals, collected by J. Büttikofer, C.F. Sala and F.X. Stampfli, with biological observations. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 10, 51.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37285#page/63/mode/1up	RMNH 20400		"Buluma, Fisherman Lake," Liberia.			veldkampii (Jentink, 1888)	NA	NA	Guinea|Sierra Leone|Liberia|Côte d'Ivoire|Ghana|Togo|Benin|Nigeria|Cameroon|Central African Republic	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Nanonycteris_veldkampii	0	sciname match	Nanonycteris_veldkampii	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	14333	Nanonycteris veldkampii	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Nanonycteris	veldkampii	(Jentink, 1888)		20000000	Nanonycteris veldkampii	Least Concern		2017	2016-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, tolerance of a degree of habitat modification, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.	This species is generally considered a species of lowland rain forest, but has also been recorded from moist savanna (Guinea Savanna), savanna mosaic habitats, and into drier Sudanian woodland and savanna. Populations have also been recorded from gallery forest and isolated forest patches. It seems to be relatively adaptable to cultivated areas, with animals recorded from tree plantations, botanic gardens, farm areas, and rural gardens. The species shows some migratory patterns with both sexes moving between forest and savanna habitats.	In general there appear to be no current major threats to this species as a whole. The species is dependent on certain food trees where they visit flowers, and habitat degradation might be a problem in parts of the range.	This species can be abundant, although this partly depends on migration patterns.	Unknown	This species is widely distributed in West Africa and western parts of Central Africa. It ranges from Guinea and Sierra Leone in the west, through each country in West Africa to Cameroon, with a single record from the southern region of Central African Republic. It is generally a lowland species, but has been recorded up to 1,200 m Asl.		Terrestrial	In view of the species wide range it seems probable that it is present in a number of protected areas. There is a need to determine if there have been any local declines in this species resulting from the loss of food trees.	Afrotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Nanonycteris		veldkampii	Jentink	1888	1	Notes Leyden Mus.	10:51	Veldkamp's Dwarf Epauletted Fruit Bat	None.	Liberia, Fisherman Lake, Buluma.	Guinea to Central African Republic.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Sometimes misspelled veldkampi , but the original spelling is veldkampii .	Nanonycteris veldkampii	1004530	23	Veldkamp's Epauletted Fruit Bat	Veldkamp's Dwarf Epauletted Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	ROUSETTINAE	EPOMOPHORINI	Nanonycteris	NA	veldkampii	Jentink	1888	1	Epomophorus_veldkampii	Jentink, F. A. (1888). Zoological researches in Liberia. A list of mammals, collected by J. Büttikofer, C.F. Sala and F.X. Stampfli, with biological observations. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 10, 51.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37285#page/63/mode/1up	RMNH 20400		"Buluma, Fisherman Lake," Liberia.			veldkampii (Jentink, 1888)	NA	NA				Guinea|Sierra Leone|Liberia|Côte d'Ivoire|Ghana|Togo|Benin|Nigeria|Cameroon|Central African Republic	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Nanonycteris_veldkampii	0	sciname match	Nanonycteris_veldkampii	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Nanonycteris_veldkampii	1004530	23	Veldkamp's Epauletted Fruit Bat	Veldkamp's Dwarf Epauletted Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Epomophorinae	Epomophorini	Nanonycteris	NA	veldkampii	Jentink	1	Epomophorus veldkampii	Jentink, F.A. 1888. Zoological researches in Liberia. A list of mammals, collected by J. Büttikofer, C. F. Sala and F. X. Stampfli, with biological observations. Notes from the Leyden Museum 10:1-58.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9622362	RMNH.MAM.20400	holotype	https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/RMNH.MAM.20400.a | https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/RMNH.MAM.20400.b	"Buluma, Fisherman Lake," Liberia.			NA	NA				Guinea|Sierra Leone|Liberia|Cote d'Ivoire|Ghana|Togo|Benin|Nigeria|Cameroon|Central African Republic	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Nanonycteris_veldkampii	0	sciname match	Nanonycteris_veldkampii	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Nanonycteris		veldkampii	Jentink	1888	1	Notes Leyden Mus.	10:51	Veldkamp's Dwarf Epauletted Fruit Bat	None.	Liberia, Fisherman Lake, Buluma.	Guinea to Central African Republic.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/14333/22043635/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Sometimes misspelled veldkampi, but the original spelling is veldkampii.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Nanonycteris veldkampii; Nanonycteris veldkampii; Nanonycteris veldkampii; Nanonycteris veldkampii; Nanonycteris veldkampii; Nanonycteris veldkampii; veldkampii; Nanonyctére de Veldkamp; Veldkamp-Zwergflughund; Nanonicterio de Veldkamp; \eldkamp’s Dwarf Epauletted Fruit Bat; Veldkamp's Epauletted Fruit Bat; Veldkamp's Dwarf Epauletted Fruit Bat; Veldkamp's Dwarf Epauletted Fruit Bat; Veldkamp's Dwarf Epauletted Fruit Bat; N. veldkampii