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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L980	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	Mystacina robusta	Mystacina robusta	Mystacina robusta	Mystacina robusta	Mystacina robusta	Mystacina robusta	Mystacina robusta	Mystacina robusta	Mystacina robusta	Mystacina robusta	Mystacina robusta	Mystacina robusta	Mystacina robusta		[MSW3] See Flannery (1995b) and Lloyd (2001).; [HMW] Mystacina tuberculata robusta Dwyer, 1962 , “Big South Cape Island,” New Zealand . First described as a subspecies of M. tuberculata but elevated to full species by J. E. Hill and M. J. Daniel in 1985. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Likely extinct. See Flannery (1995) and Lloyd (2001).; [batnames2023] Likely extinct. See Flannery (1995) and Lloyd (2001).; [batnames2025_1.7] Likely extinct. See Flannery (1995) and Lloyd (2001).														robusta				robusta	robusta			robusta Dwyer, 1962						N/A					Distribution: Confined in historic times to a few islands off the southern end of New Zealand and probably now extinct. Known fossil from much of New Zealand.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	New Zealand greater shorttailed bat	Solomon I, Big South Cape I; probably extinct	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Dwyer	1962	Zool. Publ. Victoria Univ., Wellington, 28:3.		Vicinity of type locality only, though originally widely distributed in New Zealand.	New Zealand, Big South Cape Isl.		DWYER	1962	Size relatively large (forearm length, 45-48 mm; condylobasal length, 21-23 mm). Ears relatively short.	Distribution: Confined in historic times to a few islands off the southern end of New Zealand and probably now extinct. Known fossil from much of New Zealand.	[Empty]		135	species	M. robusta	DWYER	1962	Mystacina	genus	Mystacina robusta				Size relatively large (forearm length, 45-48 mm; condylobasal length, 21-23 mm). Ears relatively short.	[Empty]		2. M. robusta DWYER 1962.	2	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Mystacinidae			Mystacina robusta	Mystacina		robusta	Dwyer		1962		Zool. Publ. Victoria Univ., Wellington	28		3		New Zealand Greater Short-tailed Bat	New Zealand, Big South Cape Isl.	New Zealand.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Extinct.		See Flannery (1995b) and Lloyd (2001).	61143626C15BFFE5FF29F566F598F852	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Mystacinidae_394.pdf.imf	hash://md5/9d2d4e5ec159ffe7ff80f125ff8dffff	403	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/61/14/36/61143626C15BFFE5FF29F566F598F852.xml	Mystacina robusta	Mystacinidae	Mystacina	robusta	Dwyer	1962	Grande Mystacine @fr | Grofse Neuseelandfledermaus @de | Murciélagoneozelandés grande @es | New Zealand Greater Short-tailed Bat @en	Mystacina tuberculata robusta Dwyer, 1962 , “Big South Cape Island,” New Zealand . First described as a subspecies of M. tuberculata but elevated to full species by J. E. Hill and M. J. Daniel in 1985. Monotypic.	Might still occur on Big South Cape (= Taukihepa) I and neighboring Putauhina I or on privately owned islands off Stewart I, New Zealand .	Total length with tail folded up 70-90 mm, tail 15 mm , ear 17.7-18-6 mm, forearm 45-3-47-5 mm: weight estimated at c. 24 g , although no live specimens have been weighed. Condylo-basal lengths of Greater New Zealand Shorttailed Bats are 21-22-5 mm, wingspans are 290-310 mm, and snout-vent lengths are 65-4-72-4 mm. There is no information on sexual dimorphism. Clinal variation in size might occur, with northern individuals 10-20% larger than those in the south. The Greater New Zealand Short-tailed Bat is overall ¢.33% larger than the Lesser New Zealand Short-tailed Bat ( M. tuberculata ), although with proportionally shorter ears, nostrils, wing elements, and forearms. Pelage is brown and covers body and head;ears, nose, wings, legs, and tail are bare. Skin is gray-brown.	Unknown but likely similar to those of the Lesser New Zealand Short-tailed Bat. Greater New Zealand Short-tailed Bats are known to have roosted in caves (only on the mainland) and trees. Muttonbird Islands (some of the last known locations of the species) are granite covered in scrub and a deep mantle of peat, with some broadleaf forest and abundant sea caves.	Diets of the Greater New Zealand Short-tailed Bat are likely similar to those of the Lesser New Zealand Short-tailed Bat, with respect to food preferences and consumption of fruit, nectar, pollen, and insects. Stomach content analyses of two museum specimens had pollen of Metrosideros umbellata ( Myrtaceae ) and fern spores. There are historical reports of carnivory, but they are unsubstantiated.	Juvenile specimens were collected from Solomon Island in May 1963— 1965. This might suggest that it is polyestrous or that breeding shifted from that of the Lesser New Zealand Short-tailed Bat to coincide with peak insect abundances.	Estimates of wing loading ratios (based on an estimated body mass of 24-5 g) indicate that the Greater New Zealand Short-tailed Bat is faster and more agile but less maneuverable than the Lesser New Zealand Short-tailed Bat. A report from Solomon Island in 1936 describes removing bats from a tree roost in early summer that were sluggish and cold to the touch, suggesting that it uses torpor as required. Reports indicate that Greater New Zealand Short-tailed Bats emerged from roosts well after sunset (1-2 hours).	Reports from Solomon Island indicate that Greater New Zealand Short-tailed Bats roosted in large colonies, like the Lesser New Zealand Short-tailed Bat. It reportedly flies low to the ground (less than 2-3 m) similar to the Lesser New Zealand Short-tailed Bat.	Classified as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) on The IUCN Red List. The Greater New Zealand Short-tailed Bat is currently listed as data deficient in the New Zealand Threat Classification System. No specimens (alive or dead) have been found on the three main islands since European settlement. Greater New Zealand Short-tailed Bats were only found on the ratfree Muttonbird Islands (off the coast of the Big South Cape Island) and Solomon Island (off the coast of Stewart Island) until the 1960s. Roof Rats (Rattus rattus) arrived on the islands in the 1960s, at which point bat numbers declined rapidly, with the last confirmed sighting in 1967 on Big South Cape Island. There have been unconfirmed reports of bats near the last known populations of Greater New Zealand Short-tailed Bats in the years following rat eradication efforts on Big South Cape Island and Putauhina Island. If it is still present on these or nearby islands, its numbers are presumably very low, probably less than 50 individuals.	Daniel (1990a) | Dwyer (1962a) | Hill & Daniel (1985) | Lloyd (2001, 2005b) | Norberg & Rayner (1987) | O'Donnell (2008a) | O'Donnell et al. (2018) | Stead (1936) | Worthy & Holdaway (1994b) | Worthy et al. (1996)	https://zenodo.org/record/6418937/files/figure.png	2. Greater New Zealand Short-tailed Bat Mystacina robusta French: Grande Mystacine / German: Grofse Neuseelandfledermaus / Spanish: Murciélago neozelandés grande Other common names: New Zealand Greater Short-tailed Bat Taxonomy. Mystacina tuberculata robusta Dwyer, 1962 , “Big South Cape Island,” New Zealand . First described as a subspecies of M. tuberculata but elevated to full species by J. E. Hill and M. J. Daniel in 1985. Monotypic. Distribution. Might still occur on Big South Cape (= Taukihepa) I and neighboring Putauhina I or on privately owned islands off Stewart I, New Zealand . Descriptive notes. Total length with tail folded up 70-90 mm, tail 15 mm , ear 17.7-18-6 mm, forearm 45-3-47-5 mm: weight estimated at c. 24 g , although no live specimens have been weighed. Condylo-basal lengths of Greater New Zealand Shorttailed Bats are 21-22-5 mm, wingspans are 290-310 mm, and snout-vent lengths are 65-4-72-4 mm. There is no information on sexual dimorphism. Clinal variation in size might occur, with northern individuals 10-20% larger than those in the south. The Greater New Zealand Short-tailed Bat is overall ¢.33% larger than the Lesser New Zealand Short-tailed Bat ( M. tuberculata ), although with proportionally shorter ears, nostrils, wing elements, and forearms. Pelage is brown and covers body and head;ears, nose, wings, legs, and tail are bare. Skin is gray-brown. Habitat. Unknown but likely similar to those of the Lesser New Zealand Short-tailed Bat. Greater New Zealand Short-tailed Bats are known to have roosted in caves (only on the mainland) and trees. Muttonbird Islands (some of the last known locations of the species) are granite covered in scrub and a deep mantle of peat, with some broadleaf forest and abundant sea caves. Food and Feeding. Diets of the Greater New Zealand Short-tailed Bat are likely similar to those of the Lesser New Zealand Short-tailed Bat, with respect to food preferences and consumption of fruit, nectar, pollen, and insects. Stomach content analyses of two museum specimens had pollen of Metrosideros umbellata ( Myrtaceae ) and fern spores. There are historical reports of carnivory, but they are unsubstantiated. Breeding. Juvenile specimens were collected from Solomon Island in May 1963— 1965. This might suggest that it is polyestrous or that breeding shifted from that of the Lesser New Zealand Short-tailed Bat to coincide with peak insect abundances. Activity patterns. Estimates of wing loading ratios (based on an estimated body mass of 24-5 g) indicate that the Greater New Zealand Short-tailed Bat is faster and more agile but less maneuverable than the Lesser New Zealand Short-tailed Bat. A report from Solomon Island in 1936 describes removing bats from a tree roost in early summer that were sluggish and cold to the touch, suggesting that it uses torpor as required. Reports indicate that Greater New Zealand Short-tailed Bats emerged from roosts well after sunset (1-2 hours). Movements, Home range and Social organization. Reports from Solomon Island indicate that Greater New Zealand Short-tailed Bats roosted in large colonies, like the Lesser New Zealand Short-tailed Bat. It reportedly flies low to the ground (less than 2-3 m) similar to the Lesser New Zealand Short-tailed Bat. Status and Conservation. Classified as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) on The IUCN Red List. The Greater New Zealand Short-tailed Bat is currently listed as data deficient in the New Zealand Threat Classification System. No specimens (alive or dead) have been found on the three main islands since European settlement. Greater New Zealand Short-tailed Bats were only found on the ratfree Muttonbird Islands (off the coast of the Big South Cape Island) and Solomon Island (off the coast of Stewart Island) until the 1960s. Roof Rats (Rattus rattus) arrived on the islands in the 1960s, at which point bat numbers declined rapidly, with the last confirmed sighting in 1967 on Big South Cape Island. There have been unconfirmed reports of bats near the last known populations of Greater New Zealand Short-tailed Bats in the years following rat eradication efforts on Big South Cape Island and Putauhina Island. If it is still present on these or nearby islands, its numbers are presumably very low, probably less than 50 individuals. Bibliography. Daniel (1990a), Dwyer (1962a), Hill & Daniel (1985), Lloyd (2001, 2005b), Norberg & Rayner (1987), O'Donnell (2008a), O'Donnell et al. (2018), Stead (1936), Worthy & Holdaway (1994b), Worthy et al. (1996).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Mystacinidae	Mystacina robusta	Mystacina		robusta	Dwyer	1962	0	Zool. Publ. Victoria Univ., Wellington	######	New Zealand Greater Short-tailed Bat	None.	New Zealand, Big South Cape Isl	Stewart Islands, New Zealand	Not listed.	Critically Endangered	Likely extinct. See Flannery (1995) and Lloyd (2001).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Mystacina robusta	23	Greater New Zealand Short-tailed Bat	New Zealand Greater Short-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	MYSTACINIDAE	NA	NA	Mystacina	NA	robusta	Dwyer	1962	0	Mystacina_tuberculata_robusta	Dwyer, P. D. (1962). Subspecies of Mystacina tuberculata Gray (Chiroptera: Mystacinidae) in New Zealand. Zoology Publication from Victoria University of Wellington, 28, 3.	http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/etexts/Vic28Zool/Vic28Zool003.gif	MNZ 1083		"Big South Cape Island," New Zealand.			robusta Dwyer, 1962	NA	NA	New Zealand	Oceania	Oceania	CR	0	0	0	Mystacina_robusta	0	sciname match	Mystacina_robusta	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	14260	Mystacina robusta	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	MYSTACINIDAE	Mystacina	robusta	Dwyer, 1962		20000000	Mystacina robusta	Critically Endangered	D	2021	2020-10-15 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) under criterion D because there have been no confirmed reports of this species since it was last seen in 1967 on Big South Cape Island, New Zealand. Ship Rats (Rattus rattus ) invaded the island in the 1960s and preyed upon bats (Bell et al. 2016). Recent, unconfirmed reports of bats from Big South Cape Island and the neighbouring Putauhinu Island could be this species and surveys are urgently needed. Should this species be found to persist, its population size would almost certainly be tiny (&lt;50 mature individuals) because of the small area of the islands. Recent surveys (1999, 2009, 2017) have failed to confirm the species of bat present on these islands, although reports persist. Recorded calls are reminiscent of Mystacinidae calls.	Although the habitat preferences of this species are incompletely known, it is presumed to have similar requirements to Mystacina tuberculata in that it was a forest species that was largely restricted to undisturbed old-growth forest. Remains of this species in limestone caves suggest that it commonly roosted in caves, and it is possible that the species also roosted in tree cavities, although there is no direct evidence for this (Lloyd 2001). The last remaining bats sighted on the southern Titi islands were seen in coastal sea caves (Bell et al. 2016).	Evidence from owl middens indicates a marked decline in this species following the introduction of the Kiore or Pacific Rat (Rattus exulans ) to New Zealand, and it seems probable that this introduction largely resulted in the demise of Mystacina robusta (Lloyd 2001).	The species has not been recorded since 1967 and is possibly extinct. Recent, unconfirmed reports of bats from Big South Cape Island and the neighbouring Putauhinu Island could be this species and surveys are urgently needed. Should this species be found to persist, its population size would almost certainly be tiny (&lt;50 mature individuals) because of the small area of the islands. Recent surveys (1999, 2009, 2017) have failed to confirm the species of bat present on these islands, although reports persist. Recorded calls are reminiscent of Mystacinidae calls.	Unknown	This species is endemic to New Zealand. There have been no confirmed sightings of the species since 1967 when it was last found on Big South Cape Island (near Stewart Island). It might still persist on Big South Cape Island, the neighbouring Putauhinu Island, or on other small privately-owned islands near Stewart Island. Formerly, it was known from widespread subfossil remains on both North Island and South Island (Worthy and Scofield 2004). It may have declined at mainland sites following introduction of Pacific Rats (Rattus exulans , kiore) by Māori. By the time of European arrival, ca 200 years ago, the species was probably already restricted to small islands off the coast of Stewart Island.		Terrestrial	Ship rats have been eradicated from both Big South Cape (where the species was last seen) and neighbouring Putauhina Island. Following these eradications, there have been several reports of bat sightings from Putauhina, and in 1999. Colin O'Donnell recorded Mystacina -like echolocation calls from the island that do not belong to M. tuberculata (O'Donnell 1999). There have since been additional unconfirmed reports of bats being seen on Big South Cape. Surveys in 2009 on Big South Cape and on Putauhina in 2017 also failed to capture or record any bats (C. O’Donnell, M. Pryde pers. comm.). The identity of the bats being seen still must be confirmed, and although M. tuberculata is thought to have once inhabited these islands, the nearest populations of it or the only other New Zealand bat species (Chalinolobus tuberculatus ) are more than 50 km away. For this reason, there is a real possibility that M. robusta still survives in low numbers (C. O'Donnell pers. comm.). Rats continue to be eradicated from all islands in this group, and more surveys for M. robusta are planned (C. O'Donnell pers. comm.).	Australasian	1967	TRUE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Mystacinidae	Mystacina		robusta	Dwyer	1962	0	Zool. Publ. Victoria Univ., Wellington	28:03:00	New Zealand Greater Short-tailed Bat	None.	New Zealand, Big South Cape Isl	Stewart Islands, New Zealand	Not listed.	Critically Endangered	Likely extinct. See Flannery (1995) and Lloyd (2001).	Mystacina robusta	1004868	23	Greater New Zealand Short-tailed Bat	New Zealand Greater Short-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Mystacinidae	NA	NA	Mystacina	NA	robusta	Dwyer	1962	0	Mystacina_tuberculata_robusta	Dwyer, P. D. (1962). Subspecies of Mystacina tuberculata Gray (Chiroptera: Mystacinidae) in New Zealand. Zoology Publication from Victoria University of Wellington, 28, 3.	http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/etexts/Vic28Zool/Vic28Zool003.gif	MNZ 1083		"Big South Cape Island," New Zealand.			robusta Dwyer, 1962	NA	NA				New Zealand	Oceania	Oceania	CR	0	0	0	Mystacina_robusta	0	sciname match	Mystacina_robusta	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Mystacina_robusta	1004868	23	Greater New Zealand Short-tailed Bat	New Zealand Greater Short-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Mystacinidae	NA	NA	Mystacina	NA	robusta	Dwyer	0	Mystacina tuberculata robusta	Dwyer, P.D. 1962. Studies on the two New Zealand bats. Zoology Publications from Victoria University of Wellington 28:1-28.	http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/etexts/Vic28Zool/Vic28Zool003.gif	NMNZ DM 1083	holotype		"Big South Cape Island," New Zealand.			NA	NA				New Zealand	Oceania (Continent)	Australasia	CR	0	0	0	Mystacina_robusta	0	sciname match	Mystacina_robusta	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Mystacinidae	Mystacina		robusta	Dwyer	1962	0	Zool. Publ. Victoria Univ., Wellington	28:03:00	New Zealand Greater Short-tailed Bat	None.	New Zealand, Big South Cape Isl	Stewart Islands, New Zealand	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/14260/22070387/' target='_blank'>Critically Endangered</a>	Likely extinct. See Flannery (1995) and Lloyd (2001).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Mystacina robusta; Mystacina robusta; Mystacina robusta; Mystacina robusta; Mystacina robusta; Mystacina robusta; robusta; Grande Mystacine; Grofse Neuseelandfledermaus; Murciélagoneozelandés grande; New Zealand Greater Short-tailed Bat; Greater New Zealand Short-tailed Bat; New Zealand Greater Short-tailed Bat; New Zealand Greater Short-tailed Bat; New Zealand Greater Short-tailed Bat; M. robusta