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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L972	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Myotis peninsularis	Myotis peninsularis	Myotis peninsularis	N/A	Myotis peninsularis	Myotis peninsularis	Myotis peninsularis	Myotis velifer velifer [synonym of]	Myotis velifer [synonym of]	Myotis peninsularis	Myotis velifer peninsularis	Myotis velifer [synonym of]	Myotis velifer [synonym of]	 	Myotis velifer peninsularis		[MSW3] Listed as a subspecies of velifer by Hall and Kelson (1959), but see Hayward (1970) and Hall (1981). See Alvarez-Castañeda and Bogan (1998).; [HMW] Myotis peninsularis G. S. Miller, 1898 , “San José del Cabo, Lower Califor nia [= Baja California , Mexico ].” Subgenus Pizonyx; albescens species group. Myotis peninsularis has been considered a subspecies of M. velifer , but morphology and mitochondrial phylogeny suggest it is a distinct species. Monotypic.																								Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.			Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Myotis peninsularis	Mexico, Baja California, San Jose del Cabo.	Miller	1898	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 2:124.	Distribution: Confined to southern Baja California.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5											MILLER	1898	Size medium (forearm length, 37 41 mm; condylobasal length, 13-15 mm). Margin of plagiopatagium attached to side of foot. Sagittal crest of braincase fairly well developed. Rostrum fairly broad.	Distribution: Confined to southern Baja California.	No subspecies.		107	species	M. peninsularis	MILLER	1898	Leuconoe	subgenus	Myotis peninsularis				Size medium (forearm length, 37 41 mm; condylobasal length, 13-15 mm). Margin of plagiopatagium attached to side of foot. Sagittal crest of braincase fairly well developed. Rostrum fairly broad.	No subspecies.		61. M. peninsularis MILLER 1898 [levis group].	61				Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Myotinae		Myotis peninsularis	Myotis		peninsularis	Miller		1898		Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7	2		124		Peninsular Myotis	Mexico, Baja California, San Jose del Cabo.	S Baja California (Mexico).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Vulnerable.		Listed as a subspecies of velifer by Hall and Kelson (1959), but see Hayward (1970) and Hall (1981). See Alvarez-Castañeda and Bogan (1998).	4C3D87E8FF4A6AF5FF8C9C3618ADBD11	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	939	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FF4A6AF5FF8C9C3618ADBD11.xml	Myotis peninsularis	Vespertilionidae	Myotis	peninsularis	G. S. Miller		Murin des caps @fr | Niederkalifornien-Mausohr @de | Ratonero del Cabo San Lucas @es	Myotis peninsularis G. S. Miller, 1898 , “San José del Cabo, Lower Califor nia [= Baja California , Mexico ].” Subgenus Pizonyx; albescens species group. Myotis peninsularis has been considered a subspecies of M. velifer , but morphology and mitochondrial phylogeny suggest it is a distinct species. Monotypic.	Endemic to S Baja California Peninsula in NW Mexico .	Head-body c.41 48 mm , tail 36-46 mm , ear 14-18 mm , hindfoot 7-10 mm , forearm 37-40- 6 mm ; weight 4-7 g . Females are slightly externally larger than males. The Peninsular Myotis is one of the largest species of Myotis in North America. It is very similar in appearance to the Cave Myotis ( M. velifer ) but smaller. Fur is long and woolly. Dorsal hairs are bicolored, with dark grayish brown bases and reddish to yellowish brown tips. Ventral hairs are lighter than dorsum, with dark brown bases and buff tips. Two color morphs occur: one dull and the other more reddish. Males have brighter dorsum (more yellowish or orangish) than females. Ears are comparatively long, extending forward halfway from eye to nostril. Membranes are dark brown; plagiopatagium is broadly attached to foot at base oftoes; calcar is well developed, terminating in minute lobule but not keeled. Upper and lower surfaces of uropatagium are barely covered with hairs. Skull is large and robust (greatest length of skull 14-2-15- 6 mm ); sagittal and lambdoidal crests are present and well developed; braincase is medium-sized; and rostrum is broader relative to total length of skull.	Xeric scrublands to forests in desert shrubland, tropical deciduous forests, oak forests, and pine-oak forests from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 2200 m .	The Peninsular Myotis forages in forested areas, open habitats, and near water bodies, where insects are caught in flight.	Mating of Peninsular Myotis occurs in late summer and autumn and sometimes in spring. Pregnant females were recorded in May-June, with parturition occurring in late June and early July. Females have one young per pregnancy. Volant young have been caught at the end ofJuly. An estimated 5000 females and young occupied a large cave at Las Cuevas. A maternity colony of c.100 females and young was found in crevices of an abandoned house.	The Peninsular Myotis roosts in caves, tunnels, sewers, abandoned buildings, and palm roofs of houses.	The Peninsular Myotis forms roosts of more than 5000 individuals. It shares roosts with other bats, including a maternity colony of Brazilian Free-tailed Bats (7adarida brasiliensis ) and c.100 Lesser Antillean Funnel-eared Bats ( Natalus stramineus).	Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Peninsular Myotis has a very restricted distribution and is known from few locations on southern end of the Baja California Peninsula. Its extent of occurrence (c. 4000 km ?) and forest habitat are declining due to expanding tourism. It occurs in disrupted landscapes (e.g. suburban areas). Sierra de la Laguna Biosphere Reserve protects a large part of its distribution.	Alvarez-Castafieda & Bogan (1998) | Arroyo-Cabrales & Ospina-Garces (2016b) | Ceballos & Mellink (2014) | Hall (1981) | Hall & Kelson (1959) | Miller (1898b) | Miller & Allen (1928) | Najera-Cortazar et al. (2015) | Woloszyn & Woloszyn (1982)	https://zenodo.org/record/6398767/files/figure.png	398. Peninsular Myotis Myotis peninsularis French: Murin des caps / German: Niederkalifornien-Mausohr / Spanish: Ratonero del Cabo San Lucas Taxonomy. Myotis peninsularis G. S. Miller, 1898 , “San José del Cabo, Lower Califor nia [= Baja California , Mexico ].” Subgenus Pizonyx; albescens species group. Myotis peninsularis has been considered a subspecies of M. velifer , but morphology and mitochondrial phylogeny suggest it is a distinct species. Monotypic. Distribution. Endemic to S Baja California Peninsula in NW Mexico . Descriptive notes. Head-body c.41 48 mm , tail 36-46 mm , ear 14-18 mm , hindfoot 7-10 mm , forearm 37-40- 6 mm ; weight 4-7 g . Females are slightly externally larger than males. The Peninsular Myotis is one of the largest species of Myotis in North America. It is very similar in appearance to the Cave Myotis ( M. velifer ) but smaller. Fur is long and woolly. Dorsal hairs are bicolored, with dark grayish brown bases and reddish to yellowish brown tips. Ventral hairs are lighter than dorsum, with dark brown bases and buff tips. Two color morphs occur: one dull and the other more reddish. Males have brighter dorsum (more yellowish or orangish) than females. Ears are comparatively long, extending forward halfway from eye to nostril. Membranes are dark brown; plagiopatagium is broadly attached to foot at base oftoes; calcar is well developed, terminating in minute lobule but not keeled. Upper and lower surfaces of uropatagium are barely covered with hairs. Skull is large and robust (greatest length of skull 14-2-15- 6 mm ); sagittal and lambdoidal crests are present and well developed; braincase is medium-sized; and rostrum is broader relative to total length of skull. Habitat. Xeric scrublands to forests in desert shrubland, tropical deciduous forests, oak forests, and pine-oak forests from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 2200 m . Food and Feeding. The Peninsular Myotis forages in forested areas, open habitats, and near water bodies, where insects are caught in flight. Breeding. Mating of Peninsular Myotis occurs in late summer and autumn and sometimes in spring. Pregnant females were recorded in May-June, with parturition occurring in late June and early July. Females have one young per pregnancy. Volant young have been caught at the end ofJuly. An estimated 5000 females and young occupied a large cave at Las Cuevas. A maternity colony of c.100 females and young was found in crevices of an abandoned house. Activity patterns. The Peninsular Myotis roosts in caves, tunnels, sewers, abandoned buildings, and palm roofs of houses. Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Peninsular Myotis forms roosts of more than 5000 individuals. It shares roosts with other bats, including a maternity colony of Brazilian Free-tailed Bats (7adarida brasiliensis ) and c.100 Lesser Antillean Funnel-eared Bats ( Natalus stramineus). Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Peninsular Myotis has a very restricted distribution and is known from few locations on southern end of the Baja California Peninsula. Its extent of occurrence (c. 4000 km ?) and forest habitat are declining due to expanding tourism. It occurs in disrupted landscapes (e.g. suburban areas). Sierra de la Laguna Biosphere Reserve protects a large part of its distribution. Bibliography. Alvarez-Castafieda & Bogan (1998), Arroyo-Cabrales & Ospina-Garces (2016b), Ceballos & Mellink (2014), Hall (1981), Hall & Kelson (1959), Miller (1898b), Miller & Allen (1928), Najera-Cortazar et al. (2015), Woloszyn & Woloszyn (1982).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	synonym of Myotis velifer	Myotis	Unassigned-Myotis	velifer														synonym of Myotis velifer																																													IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	14189	Myotis peninsularis	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Myotis	peninsularis	Miller, 1898		20000000	Myotis peninsularis	Endangered	B1ab(i,iii)	2016	2015-07-20 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Peninsular Myotis is listed as Endangered, because it is a range-restricted species, known from 3-4 locations in the south of the Baja California Peninsula. Extent of occurrence (around 4,000 km²) and its forest habitat are declining due to extension of touristic activities.	This species can be found in arid tropical and lower Sonoran life zones. It has been reported in desert matorral, tropical deciduous forest, oak forest, and pine-oak forest. It roosts in caves and empty houses; an estimated 5,000 females and young were found in a large cave; also, a maternity colony of 100 females and young were found in the crevices of an abandoned house. This species can be found roosting with other bats species. It mates at the end of summer and during autumn, sometimes into the following spring. Pregnant females were found in May and June, with parturition occurring in late June and early July (Alvarez-Catañeda and Bogan 1998).	This species should be considered threatened because of its restricted distribution, but also by habitat loss associated to touristic development. However, the species can persist at some disturbed areas, and even survive at periurban zones (Ceballos 2014).	It is locally common to uncommon (Alvarez-Catañeda and Bogan 1998), forming colonies up to a few thousands individuals in caves.	Decreasing	M. peninsularis is an endemic species of Mexico, which is distributed exclusively in the south of the Baja California Peninsula, in Baja California Sur (Simmons 2005, Ceballos 2014).		Terrestrial	It is included in one protected area, the Reserve of the Biosfere "La Laguna". Its preference for caves might put it under some risks.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 																																																																		Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393																																																	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586																		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505		Myotis peninsularis; Myotis peninsularis; Myotis velifer; Myotis velifer; Myotis peninsularis; ; Murin des caps; Niederkalifornien-Mausohr; Ratonero del Cabo San Lucas; Peninsular Myotis;; M. velifer