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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L957	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Myotis secundus	Myotis secundus	Myotis secundus	Myotis secundus	Myotis secundus	Myotis secundus	Myotis secundus	Myotis secundus	Myotis secundus		[HMW] Myotis secundus Ruedi et al., 2015 , “forest areas near Kaohsiung City (Taoyuan District) in south-central Taiwan ROC (approximate coordinates: 23°08' N , 120°48' E ).” Subgenus Myotis ; montivagus species group. See M. yanbarensis . Monotypic.; [MDD2022] recently described; [IUCN] This small species of Myotis is known only from Taiwan (Ruedi et al . 2013 and 2015) and can be distinguished from other congeners in this island by its relatively long ears (reaching the tip of nose when laid forward), longer tibia (about 17 mm) and relatively short hind feet (about 8 mm, i.e. &lt; than half tibia length).  </span>; [MDD2023] recently described; [MDD2025_2.0] recently described; [MDD2025_2.2] recently described														secundus	This small species of Myotis is known only from Taiwan (Ruedi et al . 2013 and 2015) and can be distinguished from other congeners in this island by its relatively long ears (reaching the tip of nose when laid forward), longer tibia (about 17 mm) and relatively short hind feet (about 8 mm, i.e. &lt; than half tibia length).  </span>			secundus	secundus			secundus Ruedi, Csorba, Lin Liangkong, & Chou Chenghan, 2015						N/A																																								NA																											4C3D87E8FF336A8CFF519E2D16DABAE0	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	962	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FF336A8CFF519E2D16DABAE0.xml	Myotis secundus	Vespertilionidae	Myotis	secundus	Ruedi	2015	Murin second @fr | Taiwan-Mausohr @de | Ratonero de pies pequenos @es | Taiwan Long-toed Myotis @en | Taiwan Myotis @en	Myotis secundus Ruedi et al., 2015 , “forest areas near Kaohsiung City (Taoyuan District) in south-central Taiwan ROC (approximate coordinates: 23°08' N , 120°48' E ).” Subgenus Myotis ; montivagus species group. See M. yanbarensis . Monotypic.	Taiwan .	Head-body 34-142.1 mm, tail 36:3-46- 5 mm , ear 11-1 15 mm , hindfoot 5-8-9- 9 mm , forearm 33. +37. 8 mm; weieht 3-5 g . Fur long and shaggy. Dorsal hairs are frosted dark brown, with lighter brown tips; venter is lighter and buffier, with pale brown tips. Face, ears, and membranes are dark brown, becoming tanner near bases of ears and above eyes. Ears are relatively long and narrow, with small but distinct notch; tragus is narrow, straight, slightly bend forward near pointed tip, and about one-third the ear length. Wings attach at base of outer toe, and feet are ¢.50% oftibia length. Frontal region of skull rises gently, nearly flat at tip; lambdoidal and sagittal crests are absent; rostrum is narrow in front; canines are relatively small and only slightly higher than their respective posterior premolars; all premolars are within their tooth rows, although P* and P, are much smaller than the others; and lower molars are myotodont.	Lowland and montane forest habitats at known elevations of 40-2600 m .	The Long-toed Myotis eats small insects captured in air.	Births of Long-toed Myotis probably occur in May-June, depending on elevation, because lactating females have been reported during this time. Males with enlarged testes were reported in August-March.	Long-toed Myotis roost in artificial subterranean roosts (e.g. tunnels) and caves where breeding females have been reported roosting in small holes or crevices. They probably use tree hollows.	No information.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Longtoed Myotis appears to be widespread and relatively common in Taiwan . It does not face any known major threats, but roost disturbance might be a local threat.	Cheng Hsichi et al. (2017) | Ruedi, Csorba et al. (2015, 2017a)	https://zenodo.org/record/6398894/files/figure.png	452. Long-toed Myotis Myotis secundus French: Murin second / German: Taiwan-Mausohr / Spanish: Ratonero de pies pequenos Other common names: Taiwan Long-toed Myotis , Taiwan Myotis Taxonomy. Myotis secundus Ruedi et al., 2015 , “forest areas near Kaohsiung City (Taoyuan District) in south-central Taiwan ROC (approximate coordinates: 23°08' N , 120°48' E ).” Subgenus Myotis ; montivagus species group. See M. yanbarensis . Monotypic. Distribution. Taiwan . Descriptive notes. Head-body 34-142.1 mm, tail 36:3-46- 5 mm , ear 11-1 15 mm , hindfoot 5-8-9- 9 mm , forearm 33. +37. 8 mm; weieht 3-5 g . Fur long and shaggy. Dorsal hairs are frosted dark brown, with lighter brown tips; venter is lighter and buffier, with pale brown tips. Face, ears, and membranes are dark brown, becoming tanner near bases of ears and above eyes. Ears are relatively long and narrow, with small but distinct notch; tragus is narrow, straight, slightly bend forward near pointed tip, and about one-third the ear length. Wings attach at base of outer toe, and feet are ¢.50% oftibia length. Frontal region of skull rises gently, nearly flat at tip; lambdoidal and sagittal crests are absent; rostrum is narrow in front; canines are relatively small and only slightly higher than their respective posterior premolars; all premolars are within their tooth rows, although P* and P, are much smaller than the others; and lower molars are myotodont. Habitat. Lowland and montane forest habitats at known elevations of 40-2600 m . Food and Feeding. The Long-toed Myotis eats small insects captured in air. Breeding. Births of Long-toed Myotis probably occur in May-June, depending on elevation, because lactating females have been reported during this time. Males with enlarged testes were reported in August-March. Activity patterns. Long-toed Myotis roost in artificial subterranean roosts (e.g. tunnels) and caves where breeding females have been reported roosting in small holes or crevices. They probably use tree hollows. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Longtoed Myotis appears to be widespread and relatively common in Taiwan . It does not face any known major threats, but roost disturbance might be a local threat. Bibliography. Cheng Hsichi et al. (2017), Ruedi, Csorba et al. (2015, 2017a).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Myotis secundus	Myotis	Unassigned-Myotis	secundus	Ruedi, Csorba, Lin & Chou	2015	0	Zootaxa	3920(1): 324	Taiwan Myotis	None.	Taiwan, Taoyuan District, forest near Kaohsiung City	Taiwan.	Not listed (new species).	Least Concern		Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Myotis secundus	23	Long-toed Myotis	Taiwan Long-toed Myotis|Taiwan Myotis	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	MYOTINAE	NA	Myotis	Myotis	secundus	Ruedi, Csorba, Lin Liangkong, & Chou Chenghan	2015	0	Myotis_secundus	Ruedi, M., Csorba, G., Lin, L. K., & Chou, C. H. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of Myotis bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Taiwan and adjacent China. Zootaxa, 3920(1), 324.	https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/article/view/zootaxa.3920.2.6	THUMB 30018		"forest areas near Kaohsiung City (Taoyuan District) in south-central Taiwan ROC (approximate coordinates: 23°08' N, 120°48' E)."	23.133	120.8	secundus Ruedi, Csorba, Lin Liangkong, & Chou Chenghan, 2015	recently described	Ruedi, M., Csorba, G., Lin, L. K., & Chou, C. H. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of Myotis bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Taiwan and adjacent China. Zootaxa, 3920(1), 301-342.	Taiwan	Asia	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Myotis_secundus	0	unmatched	NA	1	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	90000000	Myotis secundus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Myotis	secundus	Ruedi, Csorba, Lin &; Chou, 2015	This small species of Myotis is known only from Taiwan (Ruedi et al . 2013 and 2015) and can be distinguished from other congeners in this island by its relatively long ears (reaching the tip of nose when laid forward), longer tibia (about 17 mm) and relatively short hind feet (about 8 mm, i.e. &lt; than half tibia length).  </span>	90000000	Myotis secundus	Least Concern		2017	2016-06-06 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	<p><span lang="EN-US">Although this species occurs only in a single island and therefore has a restricted range, it is believed to be stable, widespread and not currently facing particular threats. ;</p>	<span lang="EN-US">This forest bat is found in a number of different habitats in lowland and montane areas of Taiwan, where it feeds on small insects (Cheng, Fang and Chou 2015). Breeding colonies have been found in artificial, underground roosts, but this species most probably uses tree cavities as well for reproduction. Parturition occurs mostly in May and June, depending on elevation.	<p><span lang="EN-US">This widespread specie is apparently adapted to a variety of forested habitats in Taiwan and may not be particularly under threat, although roosts occupy both natural and artificial cave systems that may be subject to human disturbances.</p>	<p><span lang="EN-US">Commonly recorded in forest habitats, but no population estimate has been made.</p>	Stable	<p>This species is widespread in both lowlands and higher elevations in Taiwan.<span style=""></span></p>		Terrestrial	<p>Present in many well protected areas such as national parks or national forests.<a name="_GoBack"></a></p>	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Myotis	Unassigned - Myotis	secundus	Ruedi, Csorba, Lin & Chou	2015	0	Zootaxa	3920(1): 324	Taiwan Myotis	None.	Taiwan, Taoyuan District, forest near Kaohsiung City	Taiwan.	Not listed (new species).	Least Concern		Myotis secundus	1005469	23	Long-toed Myotis	Taiwan Long-toed Myotis|Taiwan Myotis	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	MYOTINAE	NA	Myotis	Myotis	secundus	Ruedi, Csorba, Lin Liangkong, & Chou Chenghan	2015	0	Myotis_secundus	Ruedi, M., Csorba, G., Lin, L. K., & Chou, C. H. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of Myotis bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Taiwan and adjacent China. Zootaxa, 3920(1), 324.	https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/article/view/zootaxa.3920.2.6	THUMB 30018		"forest areas near Kaohsiung City (Taoyuan District) in south-central Taiwan ROC (approximate coordinates: 23°08' N, 120°48' E)."	23.13333	120.8	secundus Ruedi, Csorba, Lin Liangkong, & Chou Chenghan, 2015	recently described	Ruedi, M., Csorba, G., Lin, L. K., & Chou, C. H. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of Myotis bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Taiwan and adjacent China. Zootaxa, 3920(1), 301-342.				Taiwan	Asia	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Myotis_secundus	0	unmatched	NA	1	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Myotis_secundus	1005469	23	Long-toed Myotis	Taiwan Long-toed Myotis|Taiwan Myotis	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Myotinae	NA	Myotis	Myotis	secundus	Ruedi, Csorba, Lin Liangkong, & Chou Chenghan	0	Myotis secundus	Ruedi, M., Csorba, G., Lin, L.-K. and Chou, C.-H. 2015-02-20. Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of _Myotis_ bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Taiwan and adjacent China. Zootaxa 3920(2):301-342.	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3920.2.6	THUMB 30018	holotype		"forest areas near Kaohsiung City (Taoyuan District) in south-central Taiwan ROC (approximate coordinates: 23°08' N, 120°48' E)."	23.13333	120.8	recently described	Ruedi, M., Csorba, G., Lin, L. K., & Chou, C. H. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of Myotis bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Taiwan and adjacent China. Zootaxa, 3920(1), 301-342.				Taiwan	Asia	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Myotis_secundus	0	unmatched	NA	1	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Myotis	Myotis	secundus	Ruedi, Csorba, Lin & Chou	2015	0	Zootaxa	3920(1): 324	Taiwan Myotis	None.	Taiwan, Taoyuan District, forest near Kaohsiung City	Taiwan.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/85342651/85342654/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>			Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Myotis secundus; Myotis secundus; Myotis secundus; Myotis secundus; Myotis secundus; secundus; Murin second; Taiwan-Mausohr; Ratonero de pies pequenos; Taiwan Long-toed Myotis; Taiwan Myotis; Long-toed Myotis; Taiwan Long-toed Myotis; Taiwan Myotis; Taiwan Myotis; M. secundus