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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L953	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	Myotis formosus [synonym of]	Myotis formosus rufoniger	Myotis formosus rufoniger	Myotis rufoniger	Myotis rufoniger	Myotis rufoniger	Myotis rufoniger	Myotis rufoniger	Myotis rufoniger	Myotis rufoniger	Myotis rufoniger	Myotis rufoniger		[HMW] Vespertilio rufo-niger Tomes, 1858 , Shanghai , China . Subgenus Chrysopteron. See M. formosus , from which it was split based on cranial, dental, and external morphology. One genetic study placed this species as sister to African M. welwtischii. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Distinct from formosus and includes tsuensis , chofukusei , and watasei ; see Csorba et al. (2014).; [MDD2022] split from M. formosus; [IUCN] <span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">The specific distinctness of M. rufoniger was demonstrated by Csorba et al . (2014). </span>; [batnames2023] Distinct from formosus and includes tsuensis , chofukusei , and watasei ; see Csorba et al. (2014).; [MDD2023] split from M. formosus; [MDD2025_2.0] split from M. formosus; [batnames2025_1.7] Distinct from formosus and includes tsuensis, chofukusei, and watasei; see Csorba et al. (2014).; [MDD2025_2.2] split from M. formosus											watasei	rufoniger 	rufoniger - chofukusei, tsuensis, watasei	rufoniger, tsuensis, watasei, chofukusei	<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">The specific distinctness of M. rufoniger was demonstrated by Csorba et al . (2014). </span>	rufoniger 	rufoniger - chofukusei, tsuensis, watasei	rufoniger, tsuensis, watasei, chofukusei	rufoniger, tsuensis, watasei, chofukusei, chofusukei	rufoniger	rufoniger - chofukusei, tsuensis, watasei	rufoniger (Tomes, 1858)|tsuensis Kuroda, 1922|watasei Kishida, 1924|chofukusei Mori, 1928|chofusukei Ellerman & Morrison-Scott, 1951 [incorrect subsequent spelling]						N/A																																								NA																											4C3D87E8FF466AFAFA8E9A951D07B3C5	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	951	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FF466AFAFA8E9A951D07B3C5.xml	Myotis rufoniger	Vespertilionidae	Myotis	rufoniger		1858	Murin rouge-et-noir @fr | Shanghai-Mausohr @de | Ratonero rojinegro @es | Black-winged Myotis @en	Vespertilio rufo-niger Tomes, 1858 , Shanghai , China . Subgenus Chrysopteron. See M. formosus , from which it was split based on cranial, dental, and external morphology. One genetic study placed this species as sister to African M. welwtischii. Monotypic.	Korea (including Jeju I), Japan (only Tsushima I), China (confirmed from Shanghai , Jiangxi , Fujian , and Sichuan ), Taiwan , N Vietnam , and SE Laos .	Head-body 57- 4— 70 mm , tail 43-56 mm , ear 16-19 mm , hindfoot 11-13 mm , forearm 45-56 mm ; weight 12-13 g . Fur is woolly and long; dark rusty orange dorsally and ventrally with smoky appearance throughout (hairs with slate-gray base, yellowish middle band, and dark brown tips). Ears are long, narrow, and slightly egg-shaped; tragusis sickle-sshaped and bent forward with relatively pointed tip. Wings are black, with orange broadly surrounding bones and near body. Uropatagium is completely orange, and ears are dark orange with black along edges. Nose tip, thumbs, and feet area are entirely black, and face is essentially orange (darker than in the Black-and-orange Myotis , M. formosus ). Wings are attached to base of first toe and are furred along the body. Skull has slightly elevated frontal region; sagittal and lambdoidal crests are moderately strong. Dentition is moderately robust, including canines; basal area of P? is about two-thirds that of P* and usually in tooth row, rarely displaced lingually; P, is well developed and at least two-thirds the basal area of P,. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FNa = 50 ( Korea and Taiwan).	Known primarily from mountainous forest habitats in Korea and Taiwan .	The Reddish-black Myotis Appears to feed mostly on moths, along with few ants and spiders.	The Reddish-black Myotis seems to breed in late October, but fertilization does not occur until ovulation, after the bats awaken from hibernation in spring; sperm is stored in female’s reproductive track during hibernation. Females give birth to 1-2 (usually one) young in late June and early July in Korea . Maternity colonies are known from Taiwan , but in Korea only mothers with suckling young roosting by themselves have been found. Sex ratio in Korea is very biased toward males at 1-8:1 to 40:1; reason unknown.	The Reddish-black Myotis roosts in caves during autumn, and hibernates through winter in northern areas; can be found roosting in forested and shrubby areas, in foliage of broadleaved trees. Summer roosts are generally only c. 4-5 km from the hibernacula.	The Reddish-black Myotis usually roosts alone or in small groups, although when hibernating or in maternity colonies, it can congregate in large numbers. Radio-telemetry shows that these bats generally forage only within a small area within ¢. 200 m of their roost.	Not assessed on The IUCN Red List. The Reddish-black Myotis is widespread and relatively common throughout much ofits distribution, although it is considered an endangered species in Korea . In Hampyeong County, South Korea , 878 ha offorests have been designated as conservation areas for this species.	Bhak Young-June et al. (2017) | Csorba, Chou Cheng-Han et al. (2014) | Jiang Tinglei, Sun Keping et al. (2010) | Jo Yeong-Seok et al. (2018) | Kim Sun-Sook, Choi Yu-Seong, Kim Bong-Hyeon & Yoo Jeong-Chil (2009) | Kim Sun-Sook, Choi Yu-Seong & Yoo Jeong-Chil (2013) | Lin Liangkong, Motokawa & Harada (2002a) | Ohdachi et al. (2009) | Patterson et al. (2019) | Ruedi et al. (2015) | Shen Hueiping & Lee Lingling (2000) | Son Sung-Won etal. (1987) | Yoo & Yoon Myung-Hee (1992)	https://zenodo.org/record/6398837/files/figure.png	428. Reddish-black Myotis Myotis rufoniger French: Murin rouge-et-noir / German: Shanghai-Mausohr / Spanish: Ratonero rojinegro Other common names: Black-winged Myotis Taxonomy. Vespertilio rufo-niger Tomes, 1858 , Shanghai , China . Subgenus Chrysopteron. See M. formosus , from which it was split based on cranial, dental, and external morphology. One genetic study placed this species as sister to African M. welwtischii. Monotypic. Distribution. Korea (including Jeju I), Japan (only Tsushima I), China (confirmed from Shanghai , Jiangxi , Fujian , and Sichuan ), Taiwan , N Vietnam , and SE Laos . Descriptive notes. Head-body 57- 4— 70 mm , tail 43-56 mm , ear 16-19 mm , hindfoot 11-13 mm , forearm 45-56 mm ; weight 12-13 g . Fur is woolly and long; dark rusty orange dorsally and ventrally with smoky appearance throughout (hairs with slate-gray base, yellowish middle band, and dark brown tips). Ears are long, narrow, and slightly egg-shaped; tragusis sickle-sshaped and bent forward with relatively pointed tip. Wings are black, with orange broadly surrounding bones and near body. Uropatagium is completely orange, and ears are dark orange with black along edges. Nose tip, thumbs, and feet area are entirely black, and face is essentially orange (darker than in the Black-and-orange Myotis , M. formosus ). Wings are attached to base of first toe and are furred along the body. Skull has slightly elevated frontal region; sagittal and lambdoidal crests are moderately strong. Dentition is moderately robust, including canines; basal area of P? is about two-thirds that of P* and usually in tooth row, rarely displaced lingually; P, is well developed and at least two-thirds the basal area of P,. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FNa = 50 ( Korea and Taiwan). Habitat. Known primarily from mountainous forest habitats in Korea and Taiwan . Food and Feeding. The Reddish-black Myotis Appears to feed mostly on moths, along with few ants and spiders. Breeding. The Reddish-black Myotis seems to breed in late October, but fertilization does not occur until ovulation, after the bats awaken from hibernation in spring; sperm is stored in female’s reproductive track during hibernation. Females give birth to 1-2 (usually one) young in late June and early July in Korea . Maternity colonies are known from Taiwan , but in Korea only mothers with suckling young roosting by themselves have been found. Sex ratio in Korea is very biased toward males at 1-8:1 to 40:1; reason unknown. Activity patterns. The Reddish-black Myotis roosts in caves during autumn, and hibernates through winter in northern areas; can be found roosting in forested and shrubby areas, in foliage of broadleaved trees. Summer roosts are generally only c. 4-5 km from the hibernacula. Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Reddish-black Myotis usually roosts alone or in small groups, although when hibernating or in maternity colonies, it can congregate in large numbers. Radio-telemetry shows that these bats generally forage only within a small area within ¢. 200 m of their roost. Status and Conservation. Not assessed on The IUCN Red List. The Reddish-black Myotis is widespread and relatively common throughout much ofits distribution, although it is considered an endangered species in Korea . In Hampyeong County, South Korea , 878 ha offorests have been designated as conservation areas for this species. Bibliography. Bhak Young-June et al. (2017), Csorba, Chou Cheng-Han et al. (2014), Jiang Tinglei, Sun Keping et al. (2010), Jo Yeong-Seok et al. (2018), Kim Sun-Sook, Choi Yu-Seong, Kim Bong-Hyeon & Yoo Jeong-Chil (2009), Kim Sun-Sook, Choi Yu-Seong & Yoo Jeong-Chil (2013), Lin Liangkong, Motokawa & Harada (2002a), Ohdachi et al. (2009), Patterson et al. (2019), Ruedi et al. (2015), Shen Hueiping & Lee Lingling (2000), Son Sung-Won etal. (1987), Yoo & Yoon Myung-Hee (1992).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Myotis rufoniger	Myotis	Chrysopteron	rufoniger	Tomes	1858	1	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1859:22:00	Black-winged Myotis	 tsuensis Kuroda, 1922; chofukusei Mori, 1928; watasei , Kishida, 1924.	China, Shanghai	North Korea, South Korea, Japan (Tsushima), China (Fujian, Jaingxi, Jilin, Shanghai, and Sichuan), Taiwan, Laos, Vietnam	Not listed.	Least Concern	Distinct from formosus and includes tsuensis , chofukusei , and watasei ; see Csorba et al. (2014).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Myotis rufoniger	23	Reddish-black Myotis	Black-winged Myotis	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	MYOTINAE	NA	Myotis	Chrysopteron	rufoniger	Tomes	1858	1	Vespertilio_rufo-niger	Tomes, R. F. (1858). On the characters of four species of bats inhabiting Europe and Asia, and the description of a new species of Vespertilio inhabiting Madagascar. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1858, 82.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32271558#page/118/mode/1up	BM 1857.4.16.1		Shanghai, China.			rufoniger (Tomes, 1858)|tsuensis Kuroda, 1922|watasei Kishida, 1924|chofukusei Mori, 1928	split from M. formosus	Csorba, G., Chou, C. H., Ruedi, M., Görföl, T., Motokawa, M., Wiantoro, S., ... & Furey, N. (2014). The reds and the yellows: a review of Asian Chrysopteron Jentink, 1910 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Myotis). Journal of Mammalogy, 95(4), 663-678.	North Korea|South Korea|Japan|China|Taiwan|Vietnam|Laos	Asia	Indomalaya|Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Myotis_rufoniger	0	unmatched	NA	1	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	90000000	Myotis rufoniger	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Myotis	rufoniger	(Tomes, 1858)	<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">The specific distinctness of M. rufoniger was demonstrated by Csorba et al . (2014). </span>	90000000	Myotis rufoniger	Least Concern		2020	2018-09-04 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	<p><span lang="EN-US">Listed as Least Concern due to its wide distribution, presumed large population, its tolerance of a degree of habitat modification, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.</p>	A female with young was reported on Tsushima Island in August (Imaizumi 1970). In Korea and Taiwan, the species is found in mountain forests, where it roosts in caves, and a female with young was reported in August (Lin et al. 2004). In Vietnam it was collected both in primary and heavily disturbed secondary subtropical forests (Furey N. and Thong V.D. pers. comm.).	<p>The species is a cave-dweller in at least in part of its distribution area, hence disturbance of caves could represent a threat. Because it may forage and also roost in forests, logging may also threaten its populations. The species has conspicuous colouration, hence it may be used as ornament.</p>	<p><span lang="EN-US">The majority of the records are from single individuals only, but small colonies in caves (at least during autumn and winter) are known from South Korea (Csorba pers. comm.). ;Due to its wide distribution, it is presumed to have a large population. As it appears to tolerate a degree of habitat modification the species is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a threatened category.</p>	Unknown	<p></p><p>Some of the eastern records for Myotis formosus sensu lato may represent M. rufoniger . Myotis rufoniger is distributed in North Korea, South Korea, Japan (Tsushima), China (Fujian, Jiangxi, Jilin, Shanghai, and Sichuan), Taiwan, Laos, and Vietnam (Csorba et al . 2014).</p><p></p>	This species has a colourful pelage and may be used as an ornament.	Terrestrial	<p><span lang="EN-US">Given the species wide distribution it is presumed to be in at least one protected area. Conservation and research priorities include the protection of roosts (caves) and foraging habitats, population and habitat monitoring, and understanding the scope and scale of threats. </p>	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Myotis	Chrysopteron	rufoniger	Tomes	1858	1	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1859:22:00	Black-winged Myotis	 tsuensis Kuroda, 1922; chofukusei Mori, 1928; watasei , Kishida, 1924.	China, Shanghai	North Korea, South Korea, Japan (Tsushima), China (Fujian, Jaingxi, Jilin, Shanghai, and Sichuan), Taiwan, Laos, Vietnam	Not listed.	Least Concern	Distinct from formosus and includes tsuensis , chofukusei , and watasei ; see Csorba et al. (2014).	Myotis rufoniger	1005465	23	Reddish-black Myotis	Black-winged Myotis	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	MYOTINAE	NA	Myotis	Chrysopteron	rufoniger	Tomes	1858	1	Vespertilio_rufo-niger	Tomes, R. F. (1858). On the characters of four species of bats inhabiting Europe and Asia, and the description of a new species of Vespertilio inhabiting Madagascar. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1858, 82.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32271558#page/118/mode/1up	BM 1857.4.16.1		Shanghai, China.			rufoniger (Tomes, 1858)|tsuensis Kuroda, 1922|watasei Kishida, 1924|chofukusei Mori, 1928	split from M. formosus	Csorba, G., Chou, C. H., Ruedi, M., Görföl, T., Motokawa, M., Wiantoro, S., ... & Furey, N. (2014). The reds and the yellows: a review of Asian Chrysopteron Jentink, 1910 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Myotis). Journal of Mammalogy, 95(4), 663-678.				North Korea|South Korea|Japan|China|Taiwan|Vietnam|Laos	Asia	Indomalaya|Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Myotis_rufoniger	0	unmatched	NA	1	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Myotis_rufoniger	1005465	23	Reddish-black Myotis	Black-winged Myotis	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Myotinae	NA	Myotis	Chrysopteron	rufoniger	Tomes	1	Vespertilio rufo-niger	Tomes, R.F. 1858-01. On the characters of four species of bats inhabiting Europe and Asia, and the description of a new species of _Vespertilio_ inhabiting Madagascar. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1858:78-90.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32271561	BMNH:Mamm:1857.4.16.1	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/7a717349-668b-41fa-9392-e5a4011effa8	Shanghai, China.			split from M. formosus	Csorba, G., Chou, C. H., Ruedi, M., Görföl, T., Motokawa, M., Wiantoro, S., ... & Furey, N. (2014). The reds and the yellows: a review of Asian Chrysopteron Jentink, 1910 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Myotis). Journal of Mammalogy, 95(4), 663-678.				North Korea|South Korea|Japan|China|Taiwan|Vietnam|Laos	Asia	Indomalaya|Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Myotis_rufoniger	0	unmatched	NA	1	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Myotis	Chrysopteron	rufoniger	Tomes	1858	1	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1859:22:00	Black-winged Myotis	tsuensis Kuroda, 1922; chofukusei Mori, 1928; watasei, Kishida, 1924.	China, Shanghai	North Korea, South Korea, Japan (Tsushima), China (Fujian, Jaingxi, Jilin, Shanghai, and Sichuan), Taiwan, Laos, Vietnam	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/85735909/85735913/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Distinct from formosus and includes tsuensis, chofukusei, and watasei; see Csorba et al. (2014).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Myotis rufoniger; Myotis rufoniger; Myotis rufoniger; Myotis rufoniger; Myotis rufoniger; watasei; tsuensis; chofukusei; watasei; rufoniger; tsuensis; watasei; chofukusei; Murin rouge-et-noir; Shanghai-Mausohr; Ratonero rojinegro; Black-winged Myotis; Reddish-black Myotis; Black-winged Myotis; Black-winged Myotis; M. rufoniger