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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L952	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Myotis ruber	Myotis ruber	Myotis ruber	Myotis ruber	Myotis ruber	Myotis ruber	Myotis ruber	Myotis ruber	Myotis ruber	Myotis ruber	Myotis ruber	Myotis ruber	Myotis ruber	Myotis ruber	Myotis ruber		[MSW2] Subgenus Leuconoe. Does not include levis', revised by LaVal (1973fl), who with Miller and Allen (1928:199) discussed the type.; [MSW3] Does not include levis; revised by LaVal (1973a), who with Miller and Allen (1928) discussed the type. Reviewed in part by López-González et al. (2001). Apparently closely related to riparius; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001).; [HMW] Vespertilio ruber E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1806 , “ Paraguay .” Based on neotype selection,restricted by R. K. LaVal in 1973b to “Sapucay [Neembuct Department], Paraguay .” Subgenus Pyzonix; ruber species group. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Does not include levis ; revised by LaVal (1973 a ), who with Miller and Allen (1928) discussed the type. Reviewed in part byLópez-González et al. (2001). Apparently closely related to riparius ; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001).; [IUCN] Apparently closely related to riparius .; [batnames2023] Does not include levis ; revised by LaVal (1973 a ), who with Miller and Allen (1928) discussed the type. Reviewed in part byLópez-González et al. (2001). Apparently closely related to riparius ; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001).; [batnames2025_1.7] Does not include levis; revised by LaVal (1973a), who with Miller and Allen (1928) discussed the type. Reviewed in part by López-González et al. (2001). Apparently closely related to riparius; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001).						cinnamomeus.			cinnamomeus, kinnamon			ruber	ruber - cinnamomeus, kinnamon	ruber, cinnamomeus, kinnamon	Apparently closely related to riparius .	ruber	ruber - cinnamomeus	ruber, cinnamomeus, kinnamon	ruber, cinnamomeus, kinnamon	ruber	ruber - cinnamomeus, kinnamon	ruber (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1806)|cinnamomeus (J. A. Wagner, 1855)|kinnamon (P. Gervais, 1855)|ruber Woodman, 1993 [unjustified emendation]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		SE Brazil, Paraguay	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Myotis ruber	Paraguay, Neembucu, Sapucay (neotype locality).	E. Geoffroy	1806	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 8:204.	Distribution: Confined to Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and southeastern Brazil.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5		SE Brazil, Paraguay, N Argentina	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	E. Geoffrey	1806	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 8:204.	Subgenus Leuconoe. Does not include levis', revised by LaVal (1973fl), who with Miller and Allen (1928:199) discussed the type.	SE Brazil, Paraguay, NE Argentina.	Paraguay, Neembucu, Sapucay (neotype locality).		E. GEOFFROY	1806	Size medium (forearm length, 39-41 mm; condylobasal length, 14-15 mm). Keel on calcar poorly developed. Foot relatively large. Braincase with a well developed sagittal crest. Middle upper premolar in toothrow.	Distribution: Confined to Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and southeastern Brazil.	No subspecies.		106	species	M. ruber	E. GEOFFROY	1806	Leuconoe	subgenus	Myotis ruber				Size medium (forearm length, 39-41 mm; condylobasal length, 14-15 mm). Keel on calcar poorly developed. Foot relatively large. Braincase with a well developed sagittal crest. Middle upper premolar in toothrow.	No subspecies.		56. M. ruber (E. GEOFFROY 1806) [ruber group].	56	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Myotinae		Myotis ruber	Myotis		ruber	E. Geoffroy	y	1806		Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris	8		204		Red Myotis	Paraguay, Neembucu, Sapucay (neotype locality).	SE Brazil, SE Paraguay, NE Argentina.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Vulnerable.	cinnamomeus Wagner, 1855; kinnamon Gervais, 1856.	Does not include levis; revised by LaVal (1973a), who with Miller and Allen (1928) discussed the type. Reviewed in part by López-González et al. (2001). Apparently closely related to riparius; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001).	4C3D87E8FF506AEFFF7B9E33189FBE04	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	933	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FF506AEFFF7B9E33189FBE04.xml	Myotis ruber	Vespertilionidae	Myotis	ruber		1806	Murin rouge @fr | Rotes Mausohr @de | Ratonero rojizo @es	Vespertilio ruber E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1806 , “ Paraguay .” Based on neotype selection,restricted by R. K. LaVal in 1973b to “Sapucay [Neembuct Department], Paraguay .” Subgenus Pyzonix; ruber species group. Monotypic.	NE, SE & S Brazil , E Paraguay , NE Argentina , and Uruguay .	Head-body c¢.49 50 mm , tail 33-44 mm , ear 11-14 mm , hindfoot 7-10 mm , forearm 33-9-42.1 mm; weight 5-9 g . The Red Myotis is morphologically similar to its Neotropical congeners. Fur is medium long (dorsal fur 6-8 mm ; ventral fur 4-7 mm ) and woolly. Dorsal hairs are subtly bicolored, with russet bases (two-thirds total length) and only slightly lighter tips. Ventral hairs are bicolored, with dark brown bases (two-thirds total length), bright yellow-ochertips, and strong contrast between bases and tips. Ears are of medium length, extending forward halfway from eye to nostril. Membranes are cinnamon-brown; plagiopatagium is broadly attached to foot at bases of toes; claws are often reddish. Fringe of hairs along trailing edge of uropatagium is absent; fur is thick on basal one-third of dorsal uropatagium, extending one-third to one-half the distance from knee to ankle. Baculum is small, with poorly developed structural features; it is little more than a rod, flattened and laterally expanded at one end. Skull is robust and moderate in size (greatest skull lengths 14-6-15- 8 mm ); parietal is inclined forward; posterior region of skull, formed by interparietal and supraoccipital bones, usually does not project beyond posterior border of occipital condyles; and sagittal and lambdoidal crests are present, ranging from medium to high. P? is generally aligned with other upper premolars. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FN = 50, with three large and one small metacentric and 17 acrocentric pairs of autosomes. Large X-and small Y-chromosomes are submetacentric.	Highland rainforests and semideciduous forest relics (north-eastern Brazil ), dense montane forest (south-eastern Brazil ), ombrophilous Atlantic Forest (southern Brazil ), semideciduous forest and grassland Pampa ( Paraguay , Argentina , and Uruguay ), agricultural landscapes, and urban forest fragments at elevations of 500— 1500 m . Records indicate that the Red Myotis has strong association with subtropical habitats and appears more common in primary forests.	Red Myotis forage in forested areas and over water. In southern Brazil , diets include various insects, particularly Coleoptera and Diptera , caught in flight.	In southern Brazil , pregnant Red Myotis were recorded in June and August— November, with concentrated peak in the last two months. Reproduction seems to be polyestrous, with greater reproductive activity in summer.	Red Myotis emerge just before sunset. Roosts include hollow trees, cracks in rocks, and human structures (e.g. house roofs). Echolocation calls have strongly FM initial component, terminating with short CF component. Mean call parameters are lowest frequency of 58 kHz, highest frequency of 65 kHz, and call duration of 5 milliseconds.	A colony of Red Myotis roosted in a peri-urban shed in Uruguay with Small Big-eared Brown Bats ( Histiotus montanus ) and Brazilian Free-tailed Bats (Tadarida brasiliensis ).	Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCNRed List. The Red Myotis still seems reasonably widespread, but it is dependent on highly fragile habitat and is in significant decline due to habitat conversion by humans.	Acosta (1950) | Arias-Aguilar et al. (2018) | Barquez & Diaz (2008b) | Barquez et al. (1999) | Ber nardi et al. (2014) | Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1806) | LaVal (1973b) | Lépez-Gonzélez et al. (2001) | Lutz et al. (2012) | Moratelli & Morielle-Versute (2007) | Sbragia & Pess6a (2008) | Sousa et al. (2004) | Thomas (1902d) | Weber et al. (2010) | Wilson (2008b)	https://zenodo.org/record/6398745/files/figure.png	388. Red Myotis Myotis ruber French: Murin rouge / German: Rotes Mausohr / Spanish: Ratonero rojizo Taxonomy. Vespertilio ruber E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1806 , “ Paraguay .” Based on neotype selection,restricted by R. K. LaVal in 1973b to “Sapucay [Neembuct Department], Paraguay .” Subgenus Pyzonix; ruber species group. Monotypic. Distribution. NE, SE & S Brazil , E Paraguay , NE Argentina , and Uruguay . Descriptive notes. Head-body c¢.49 50 mm , tail 33-44 mm , ear 11-14 mm , hindfoot 7-10 mm , forearm 33-9-42.1 mm; weight 5-9 g . The Red Myotis is morphologically similar to its Neotropical congeners. Fur is medium long (dorsal fur 6-8 mm ; ventral fur 4-7 mm ) and woolly. Dorsal hairs are subtly bicolored, with russet bases (two-thirds total length) and only slightly lighter tips. Ventral hairs are bicolored, with dark brown bases (two-thirds total length), bright yellow-ochertips, and strong contrast between bases and tips. Ears are of medium length, extending forward halfway from eye to nostril. Membranes are cinnamon-brown; plagiopatagium is broadly attached to foot at bases of toes; claws are often reddish. Fringe of hairs along trailing edge of uropatagium is absent; fur is thick on basal one-third of dorsal uropatagium, extending one-third to one-half the distance from knee to ankle. Baculum is small, with poorly developed structural features; it is little more than a rod, flattened and laterally expanded at one end. Skull is robust and moderate in size (greatest skull lengths 14-6-15- 8 mm ); parietal is inclined forward; posterior region of skull, formed by interparietal and supraoccipital bones, usually does not project beyond posterior border of occipital condyles; and sagittal and lambdoidal crests are present, ranging from medium to high. P? is generally aligned with other upper premolars. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FN = 50, with three large and one small metacentric and 17 acrocentric pairs of autosomes. Large X-and small Y-chromosomes are submetacentric. Habitat. Highland rainforests and semideciduous forest relics (north-eastern Brazil ), dense montane forest (south-eastern Brazil ), ombrophilous Atlantic Forest (southern Brazil ), semideciduous forest and grassland Pampa ( Paraguay , Argentina , and Uruguay ), agricultural landscapes, and urban forest fragments at elevations of 500— 1500 m . Records indicate that the Red Myotis has strong association with subtropical habitats and appears more common in primary forests. Food and Feeding. Red Myotis forage in forested areas and over water. In southern Brazil , diets include various insects, particularly Coleoptera and Diptera , caught in flight. Breeding. In southern Brazil , pregnant Red Myotis were recorded in June and August— November, with concentrated peak in the last two months. Reproduction seems to be polyestrous, with greater reproductive activity in summer. Activity patterns. Red Myotis emerge just before sunset. Roosts include hollow trees, cracks in rocks, and human structures (e.g. house roofs). Echolocation calls have strongly FM initial component, terminating with short CF component. Mean call parameters are lowest frequency of 58 kHz, highest frequency of 65 kHz, and call duration of 5 milliseconds. Movements, Home range and Social organization. A colony of Red Myotis roosted in a peri-urban shed in Uruguay with Small Big-eared Brown Bats ( Histiotus montanus ) and Brazilian Free-tailed Bats (Tadarida brasiliensis ). Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCNRed List. The Red Myotis still seems reasonably widespread, but it is dependent on highly fragile habitat and is in significant decline due to habitat conversion by humans. Bibliography. Acosta (1950), Arias-Aguilar et al. (2018), Barquez & Diaz (2008b), Barquez et al. (1999), Ber nardi et al. (2014), Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1806), LaVal (1973b), Lépez-Gonzélez et al. (2001), Lutz et al. (2012), Moratelli & Morielle-Versute (2007), Sbragia & Pess6a (2008), Sousa et al. (2004), Thomas (1902d), Weber et al. (2010), Wilson (2008b).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Myotis ruber	Myotis	Unassigned-Myotis	ruber	E. Geoffroy	1806	1	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris	0.475	Red Myotis	 cinnamomeus Wagner, 1855; kinnamon Gervais, 1856.	Paraguay, Neembucu, Sapucay (neotype locality).	SE Brazil, SE Paraguay, NE Argentina.	Not listed.	Near Threatened	Does not include levis ; revised by LaVal (1973 a ), who with Miller and Allen (1928) discussed the type. Reviewed in part byLópez-González et al. (2001). Apparently closely related to riparius ; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Myotis ruber	23	Red Myotis		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	MYOTINAE	NA	Myotis	Pizonyx	ruber	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1806	1	Vespertilio_ruber	Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, É. (1806). Memoire sur le Genre et les Especies de Vespertilion, l'un des genres de la Famille des Chauve-Souris. Annales du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 8, 204.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51185#page/246/mode/1up	USNM 115097 [neotype]		"Paraguay." Based on neotype selection, restricted by R. K. LaVal in 1973b to "Sapucay [Ñeembucú Department], Paraguay."			ruber (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1806)|cinnamomeus (J. A. Wagner, 1855)|kinnamon (P. Gervais, 1856)	NA	NA	Brazil|Paraguay|Argentina|Uruguay	South America	Neotropic	NT	0	0	0	Myotis_ruber	0	sciname match	Myotis_ruber	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	14197	Myotis ruber	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Myotis	ruber	(É. Geoffroy, 1806)	Apparently closely related to riparius .	20000000	Myotis ruber	Near Threatened	A4c	2019	2018-03-15 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Although the species is still reasonably widely distributed, it is dependent upon a highly fragile habitat (Atlantic forests) and it is in potential decline. Myotis ruber ;currently meets the thresholds for Near Threatened under criterion A4 based on suspected and projected declines of less than 30% ;over 18 years (three generations), starting from 2005 due to human population density, severe habitat conversion and deforestation.	There is little information on its habitat and ecology. In Paraguay, M. ruber inhabits low semi-deciduous forests (López-González et al . 2001). In Brazil, the species is associated with primary and secondary Atlantic forests, the semi-humid forests of the Caatinga, as well as riparian forests and plantations (Weber et al . 2010). ;All records strongly suggest that this species occurs in humid woodland habitats, being rare in isolated patches when outside the southern Atlantic Forest. The records outside of the Atlantic Forest, mainly in Pampa and Chaco, were associated with riparian forests, and were indeed near or in transitional areas linking to the Atlantic Forest (Weber et al . 2010). Pregnant females were observed mainly in October in different years (Bernardi et al . 1914). Based on those results, it seems that the species will fit the general pattern for bats determined by climate and food resources, but the data do not allow to assign conclusive reproductive patterns. Known roosts include hollow trees, ;rocks and crevices in human dwellings.	Because of its rarity and strong association with Atlantic forests, the species is threatened by deforestation and habitat loss.	Myotis ruber is rare throughout its range, and little is known of its natural history (Acosta and Lara 1950, Wilson 2008). Populations from northeastern Brazil seem to be more isolated than the core of the distribution at southeastern Brazil and adjacent areas (Weber et al . 2010).	Unknown	This species of bat is found in southeastern Brazil, northeastern Argentina, Uruguay, and southeastern Paraguay (López-Gonzalez ;et al . 2001, Weber et a l. 2010, Wilson 2008). The exact geographic location of the single locality in Uruguay ;is unclear (E. Gonzalez, pers. comm.).		Terrestrial	It is found in protected areas in Argentina (R. Barquez and M. Diaz, pers. comm.).	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Myotis	Unassigned - Myotis	ruber	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1806	1	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris	0.475	Red Myotis	 cinnamomeus Wagner, 1855; kinnamon Gervais, 1856.	Paraguay, Neembucu, Sapucay (neotype locality).	SE Brazil, SE Paraguay, NE Argentina.	Not listed.	Near Threatened	Does not include levis ; revised by LaVal (1973 a ), who with Miller and Allen (1928) discussed the type. Reviewed in part byLópez-González et al. (2001). Apparently closely related to riparius ; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001).	Myotis ruber	1005464	23	Red Myotis		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	MYOTINAE	NA	Myotis	Pizonyx	ruber	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1806	1	Vespertilio_ruber	Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, É. (1806). Memoire sur le Genre et les Especies de Vespertilion, l'un des genres de la Famille des Chauve-Souris. Annales du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 8, 204.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/51185#page/246/mode/1up	USNM 115097 [neotype]		"Paraguay." Based on neotype selection, restricted by R. K. LaVal in 1973b to "Sapucay [Ñeembucú Department], Paraguay."			ruber (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1806)|cinnamomeus (J. A. Wagner, 1855)|kinnamon (P. Gervais, 1856)	NA	NA				Brazil|Paraguay|Argentina|Uruguay	South America	Neotropic	NT	0	0	0	Myotis_ruber	0	sciname match	Myotis_ruber	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Myotis_ruber	1005464	23	Red Myotis		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Myotinae	NA	Myotis	Pizonyx	ruber	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1	Vespertilio ruber	Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, É. 1806. Mémoire sur le genre et les espèces de Vespertilion, l'un des genres de la famille des chauve-souris. Annales du Muséum d'histoire naturelle 8:187-205.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29407874	USNM:MAMM:115097	neotype	http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3230f7928-6326-4fe5-9dae-5457f2c3e41d	"Paraguay." Based on neotype selection, restricted by R. K. LaVal in 1973b to "Sapucay [Ñeembucú Department], Paraguay."	-25.6667	-56.95	NA	NA				Brazil|Paraguay|Argentina|Uruguay	South America	Neotropic	NT	0	0	0	Myotis_ruber	0	sciname match	Myotis_ruber	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Myotis	Pizonyx	ruber	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1806	1	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris	0.475	Red Myotis	cinnamomeus Wagner, 1855; kinnamon Gervais, 1856.	Paraguay, Neembucu, Sapucay (neotype locality).	SE Brazil, SE Paraguay, NE Argentina.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/14197/22062092/' target='_blank'>Near Threatened</a>	Does not include levis; revised by LaVal (1973a), who with Miller and Allen (1928) discussed the type. Reviewed in part by López-González et al. (2001). Apparently closely related to riparius; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Myotis ruber; Myotis ruber; Myotis ruber; Myotis ruber; Myotis ruber; Myotis ruber; cinnamomeus; kinnamon; cinnamomeus; kinnamon; ruber; cinnamomeus; kinnamon; Murin rouge; Rotes Mausohr; Ratonero rojizo; Red Myotis; Red Myotis; Red Myotis; M. ruber