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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L927	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Myotis mystacinus	Myotis mystacinus	Myotis mystacinus	Myotis mystacinus	Myotis mystacinus	Myotis mystacinus	Myotis mystacinus	Myotis mystacinus	Myotis mystacinus	Myotis mystacinus	Myotis mystacinus	Myotis mystacinus	Myotis mystacinus	Myotis mystacinus	Myotis mystacinus		[MSW2] Subgenus Selysius. Reviewed by Strelkov (1983).; [MSW3] Reviewed by Strelkov (1983), Bates and Harrison (1997), and Horácek et al. (2000), revised by Benda and Tsytsulina (2000) and Tsytsulina (2001). Does not include davidii, hajastanicus, nipalensis, przewalskii, sogdianus, or transcaspicus; see Benda and Tsytsulina (2000) and Kawai et al. (2003). Includes aurascens; see Mayer and von Helversen (2001a), but also see Benda and Tsytsulina (2000). This complex may include at least one cryptic species in Europe; see Mayer and von Helversen (2001a). Japanese specimens previously referred to this species clearly represent an apparently unnamed taxon distinct from both mystacinus and davidii; see Kawai et al. (2003). Specimens from Vietnam originally identified as mystacinus may represent muricola (see Bates et al., 1999); alternatively, they might represent davidii or be conspecific with the unnamed Japanese form.; [HMW] Vespertilio mystacinus Kuhl, 1817 , Hanau, Germany . Subgenus Myotis ; mystacinus species group. Several species were formerly grouped as a “whiskered Myotis ” morpho-group (e.g. M. mystacinus , M. muricola , M. brown, M. davidii , M. sibiricus , M. brandti) in subgenus Selysius, but genetic data show the group to be paraphyletic. Sympatric with M. davidii in the Middle East, where the respective ranges of the two require clarification. Three subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022] Reviewed by Strelkov (1983), Bates and Harrison (1997), and Horácek et al. (2000), revised by Benda and Tsytsulina (2000) and Tsytsulina(2001). Does not include aurascens,  davidii , caucasicus , hajastanicus , nipalensis , przewalskii , sogdianus , or transcaspicus ; see Benda and Tsytsulina (2000), Benda and Karatas (2005), Mayer et al. (2007), and Kawai et al.(2003), and Benda et al. (2016). This complex may include at least one cryptic species in Europe; see Mayer and von Helversen (2001 a ) and Mayer et al. (2007).Japanese specimens previously referred to this species clearly represent an apparently unnamed taxon distinct from both mystacinus and davidii ; see Kawai et al. (2003). Specimens from Vietnam originally identified as mystacinus may represent muricola (see Bates et al., 1999); alternatively, they might represent davidii or be conspecific with the unnamed Japanese form.; [MDD2022] previously included aurascens, which is now regarded as synonyms of M. davidii; has also included M. nipalensis; [IUCN] At present this species includes three forms differing in morphological traits: M. mystacinus mystacinus (most of European range), M. mystacinus occidentalis (Iberia and Morocco) and M. mystacinus caucasicus (Caucasus region).; [batnames2023] Reviewed by Strelkov (1983), Bates and Harrison (1997), and Horácek et al. (2000), revised by Benda and Tsytsulina (2000) and Tsytsulina(2001). Does not include aurascens,  davidii , caucasicus , hajastanicus , nipalensis , przewalskii , sogdianus , or transcaspicus ; see Benda and Tsytsulina (2000), Benda and Karatas (2005), Mayer et al. (2007), and Kawai et al.(2003), and Benda et al. (2016). This complex may include at least one cryptic species in Europe; see Mayer and von Helversen (2001 a ) and Mayer et al. (2007).Japanese specimens previously referred to this species clearly represent an apparently unnamed taxon distinct from both mystacinus and davidii ; see Kawai et al. (2003). Specimens from Vietnam originally identified as mystacinus may represent muricola (see Bates et al., 1999); alternatively, they might represent davidii or be conspecific with the unnamed Japanese form.; [MDD2023] previously included aurascens, which is now regarded as synonyms of M. davidii; has also included M. nipalensis; [MDD2025_2.0] previously included aurascens, which is now regarded as synonyms of M. davidii; has also included M. nipalensis; [batnames2025_1.7] Reviewed by Strelkov (1983), Bates and Harrison (1997), and Horácek et al. (2000), revised by Benda and Tsytsulina (2000) and Tsytsulina(2001). Does not include aurascens, davidii, caucasicus, hajastanicus, nipalensis, przewalskii, sogdianus, or transcaspicus; see Benda and Tsytsulina (2000), Benda and Karatas (2005), Mayer et al. (2007), and Kawai et al.(2003), and Benda et al. (2016). This complex may include at least one cryptic species in Europe; see Mayer and von Helversen (2001a) and Mayer et al. (2007).Japanese specimens previously referred to this species clearly represent an apparently unnamed taxon distinct from both mystacinus and davidii; see Kawai et al. (2003). Specimens from Vietnam originally identified as mystacinus may represent muricola (see Bates et al., 1999); alternatively, they might represent davidii or be conspecific with the unnamed Japanese form.; [MDD2025_2.2] previously included aurascens, which is now regarded as synonyms of M. davidii; has also included M. nipalensis				davidi		aurascens, aureus, bulgaricus, collaris, davidi, hajastanicus, humeralis, kukunoriensis, lugubris, meinertzhageni, nigrofuscus, nipalensis, pamirensis, przewalskii, rufofuscus, schinzii, schrankii, sogdianus, transcaspicus.	mystacinus, transcaspicus, sogdianus, nipalensis, davidi, przewalskii	mystacinus, caucasicus, occidentalis	aurascens, bulgaricus, collaris, humeralis, lugubris, nigricans, nigricans, nigrofuscus, rufofuscus, schinzii, schrankii	mystacinus, caucasicus, occidentalis		mystacinus, occidentalis	mystacinus - bulgaricus, collaris, humeralis, lugubris, nigricans, nigrofuscus, rufofuscus, schinzii, schrankii	mystacinus, collaris, humeralis, schinzii, schrankii, nigricans, rufofuscus, lugubris, nigricans, nigrofuscus, caucasicus, occidentalis	At present this species includes three forms differing in morphological traits: M. mystacinus mystacinus (most of European range), M. mystacinus occidentalis (Iberia and Morocco) and M. mystacinus caucasicus (Caucasus region).	mystacinus, occidentalis	mystacinus - bulgaricus, collaris, humeralis, lugubris, nigricans, nigrofuscus, rufofuscus, schinzii, schrankii	mystacinus, collaris, humeralis, schinzii, schrankii, nigricans, rufofuscus, lugubris, nigricans, nigrofuscus, caucasicus, occidentalis	mystacinus, collaris, schinzii, humeralis, nystacinus, schrankii, nigricans, rufofuscus, lugubris, nigricans, nigrofuscus, occidentalis	mystacinus, occidentalis	mystacinus - bulgaricus, collaris, humeralis, lugubris, nigricans, nigrofuscus, rufofuscus, schinzii, schrankii	mystacinus (Kuhl, 1817)|collaris (H. R. Schinz, 1821)|schinzii (Brehm, 1827)|humeralis (Baillon, 1834) [preoccupied]|mistacinus (S.D.W., 1836) [incorrect subsequent spelling]|nystacinus (C. H. Smith, 1842) [incorrect subsequent spelling]|schrankii (J. A. Wagner, 1843)|nigricans (C. Koch, 1863) [preoccupied]|rufofuscus (C. Koch, 1863)|lugubris (Fatio, 1869) [not used as valid]|nigricans (Fatio, 1869) [preoccupied]|nigrofuscus (Fitzinger, 1871) [nomen novum]|occidentalis Benda in Benda & K. A. Tsytsulina, 2000		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Whiskered bat	Ireland – Japan, N Iran, Tibet, Morocco	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Myotis mystacinus	Germany.	Kuhl	1819	Ann. Wetterau Ges. Naturk., 4(2):202.	Distribution: Widely distributed in the Palearctic from Ireland and Morocco to northeastern China and the Himalayas.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Whiskered bat	Ireland – Japan, Tibet, N India; Morocco	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Kuhl	1817	Die Deutschen Fledermause. Hanau, p. 15.	Subgenus Selysius. Reviewed by Strelkov (1983).	Ireland and Scandinavia to N China, south to Morocco, Iran, NW Himalayas, and S China.	Germany.		KUHL	1817	Size small (forearm length, 31 -35 mm; condylobasal length, 12-14 mm). Keel on calcar well developed. Tail and tibia relatively short. Braincase fairly low. Rostrum fairly long and slender. Middle upper premolar usually in toothrow. Penis thin and baculum with a convex margin.	Distribution: Widely distributed in the Palearctic from Ireland and Morocco to northeastern China and the Himalayas.	Six subspecies are recognized:	M. m. mystacinus (Morocco, Europe east at least to Transcaucasia), M. m. transcaspicus (western Soviet Central Asia), M. m. sogdianus (most of eastern Soviet Central Asia), M. m. nipalensis (Tadzhikistan and Tibet to Nepal), M. m. davidi (northeastern China), M. m. przewalskii (Mongolia and northwestern China).	103	species	M. mystacinus	KUHL	1817	Selysius	subgenus	Myotis mystacinus				Size small (forearm length, 31 -35 mm; condylobasal length, 12-14 mm). Keel on calcar well developed. Tail and tibia relatively short. Braincase fairly low. Rostrum fairly long and slender. Middle upper premolar usually in toothrow. Penis thin and baculum with a convex margin.	Six subspecies are recognized:		21. M. mystacinus (KUHL 1817) [mystacinus group].	21	_M. m. mystacinus_ (Kuhl, 1817) (synonyms: _collaris_ (Schinz, 1821), _humeralis_ (Baillon, 1834), _lugubris_ (Fatio, 1869), _nigricans_ (Fatio, 1869), _nigricans_ (Koch, 1863), _nigrofuscus_ (Fitzinger, 1871), _rufofuscus_ (Koch, 1863), _schinzii_ (Brehm, 1827), _schrankii_ (Wagner, 1843)); _M. m. occidentalis_ Benda, 2000			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Myotinae		Myotis mystacinus	Myotis		mystacinus	Kuhl	y	1817		Die Deutschen Fledermäuse. Hanau			15		Whiskered Myotis	Germany.	Ireland and Scandinavia to C Russia and the Ural Moutains, Kazakhstan, south to Syria, Israel, and Morocco.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	aurascens Kuzyakin, 1935; bulgaricus Heinrich, 1936; collaris Schinz, 1821; humeralis Baillon, 1834; lugubris Fatio, 1869; nigricans Koch, 1865 [not Schinz, 1821]; nigricans Fatio, 1869 [not Schinz, 1821, or Koch, 1865]; nigrofuscus Fitzinger, 1871; rufofuscus Koch, 1865; schinzii Brehm, 1837; schrankii Wagner, 1843; caucasicus Tsytsulina, 2000 [in Benda and Tsytsulina, 2000]; occidentalis Benda, 2000 [in Benda and Tsytsulina, 2000].	Reviewed by Strelkov (1983), Bates and Harrison (1997), and Horácek et al. (2000), revised by Benda and Tsytsulina (2000) and Tsytsulina (2001). Does not include davidii, hajastanicus, nipalensis, przewalskii, sogdianus, or transcaspicus; see Benda and Tsytsulina (2000) and Kawai et al. (2003). Includes aurascens; see Mayer and von Helversen (2001a), but also see Benda and Tsytsulina (2000). This complex may include at least one cryptic species in Europe; see Mayer and von Helversen (2001a). Japanese specimens previously referred to this species clearly represent an apparently unnamed taxon distinct from both mystacinus and davidii; see Kawai et al. (2003). Specimens from Vietnam originally identified as mystacinus may represent muricola (see Bates et al., 1999); alternatively, they might represent davidii or be conspecific with the unnamed Japanese form.	4C3D87E8FF396A86FF4A9E121733B118	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	956	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FF396A86FF4A9E121733B118.xml	Myotis mystacinus	Vespertilionidae	Myotis	mystacinus		1817	Murin a moustaches @fr | Kleine Bartfledermaus @de | Ratonero bigotudo @es | Common Whiskered Bat @en | Whiskered Bat @en | Whiskered Myotis @en	Vespertilio mystacinus Kuhl, 1817 , Hanau, Germany . Subgenus Myotis ; mystacinus species group. Several species were formerly grouped as a “whiskered Myotis ” morpho-group (e.g. M. mystacinus , M. muricola , M. brown, M. davidii , M. sibiricus , M. brandti) in subgenus Selysius, but genetic data show the group to be paraphyletic. Sympatric with M. davidii in the Middle East, where the respective ranges of the two require clarification. Three subspecies recognized.	M.m.mystacinusKuhl,1817—widespreadinEuropeNto64°N,fromSScandinaviatoNIberianPeninsulaandGreece,alsoonCorsicaandCrete. M.m.caucasicusTsytsulina,2000—Turkey,Lebanon,andCaucasus,extendingintoN&NEIran. M. m. occidentalis Benda, 2000 — S Iberian Peninsula and N Morocco .	Head-body 35-48 mm , tail 30-43 mm , ear 12-15 mm , hindfoot c. 7 mm , forearm 32-36- 5 mm ; weight 4-7 g . The Common Whiskered Myotis is one of the smallest bats in Europe, with remarkably long fur. Dorsally dark brown or brownish, although some have reddish or even golden fur; ventrally grayish. Juveniles are always darker than adults, from blackish to grayish. Very similar to Brandt's Myotis (M. brandtir) and the Alcathoe Whiskered Myotis (M. alcathoe ), from which it can be distinguished by penis shape, which is long and regularly narrow in the Common Whiskered Myotis . Wings are blackish and are attached to body at base of fingers. Face and ears are dark or even black. Ears relatively long, with 4-5 horizontal folds; when extended, ears overpass snout by more than 2 mm ; tragus long, sharp and pointed. Foot relatively small, especially compared to trawling bats. The Iberian race seems to be larger and brighter. Skull is small and delicate; braincase is high with strongly concave forehead; no sagittal crest. P? is half height and crown area of P*, which does not touch P* P* and P* are usually both within tooth row, sometimes both slightly displaced lingually; lower molars are myotodont.	Very varied, from open habitats to forest patches, grassland, shrubland and desert, to humid areas, forests and following watercourses. Locally, it is a regular house-dweller in urban zones, where it also uses orchards and gardens. But in the south ofits range, it seems more closely related to woodlands (beech, oak, coniferous or deciduous forests). It also frequents agricultural land and montane ecosystems. Occurs from sea level up to mountains over 2000 m (e.g. Moroccan mountains from the Rif to southern slope of High Atlas).	The Common Whiskered Myotis feeds on a wide-range of insects, with average prey size ¢.7- 5 mm . Usually takes flying insects, especially Diptera , Hymenoptera , and Lepidoptera ; but in lesser proportions also Coleoptera and non-flying insects such as spiders or caterpillars. Sometimes forages in vegetation, taking insects from surfaces. It has agile flight and high maneuverability. It usually hunts along forest borders, in semi-open areas and especially near inland waters, preferably over calm water; also floodplains. Rarely hunts aquatic insects.	Maternity colonies usually number 20-60, although colonies of several hundred have also been reported. The Common Whiskered Myotis uses a broad range of roosts such as trees, buildings and rock crevices, as well as bird and bat boxes. Colonies are frequently mixed with Common Pipistrelles ( Pipistrellus pipistrellus ) and single bats of other species. Males spend the summer alone, as maternity colonies are composed mostly of females, except in the Balkans, where colonies tend to be smaller and mixedsex). One-year-old females are sexually mature; young are born between mid-June and July. Mating has been reported between late-July and first half of August, occurring in male roosts, swarming sites or hibernation places (where mating occurs in early spring). At swarming sites, this species is one of the most abundant at caves; sex ratio is quite balanced compared with other Myotis (with high proportions of males). Mating starts in autumn and continues until hibernation. As in many other temperate species, the Common Whiskered Myotis has a delayed implantation of the embryo, as it only starts developing in spring when bats wake from hibernation. Maximum longevity record suggests a maximum of 23 years in the wild.	During the breeding season, colonies are commonly found in small cavities, cracks and gaps in houses, or under bridges or rock crevices; the Common Whiskered Myotis changes the roost frequently. In hibernation roosts, it is normally found alone or in relatively small aggregations, occupying caves, mines, tunnels or cracks in rocks, forming colonies of up to 100 bats. At hibernation roosts, temperature tends to range 2-8°C, with high humidity. Heaps of boulders may also be important sites for hibernation. Echolocation calls (similar in all small Myotis ) are relatively long (3-6 milliseconds); modulated pulses start at 75-120 kHz and end at 28-30 kHz.	Sedentary or a short-distance migrant, usually not exceeding 50-100 km ;a few flights surpass 150 km , with a maximum of 625 km in France . This species usually emerges to forage at sunset or up to ¢.30 minutes later; it moves up to 5 km each night to foraging areas; occasionally hunts during sunlight hours, covering average area of ¢.230 ha.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Common Whiskered Myotis is widespread, with no threats apparent. Due to the recent split of Brandt’s Myotis and the Alcathoe Whiskered Myotis ,its status needs reassessment. Local declines o have been reported, due to roost loss, disturbance or vandalism of underground habitats, and conversion of orchards for housing. In North Africa, the species is also used for traditional medicine, but at present this does not represent a threat. British and German populations seem to be stable. In Africa, the species seems to be very rare.	Albayrak (1991) | Benda & Karatas (2005) | Benda & Tsytsulina (2000) | Benda, Abi-Said et al. (2016) | Benda, Faizolahi et al. (2012) | Benda, Gazaryan & Vallo (2016) | Boston, Buckley et al. (2010) | Boston, Hanrahan et al. (2011) | Buckley et al. (2013) | Coroiu (2016c¢) | Hanék (1970) | Hanék et al. (2001) | von Helversen et al. (2001) | Kammonen (2015) | Kondo & Sasaki (2005) | Kruskop & Borisenko (1996) | Lugan et al. (2011) | Mayer & von Helversen (2001) | Nogueras et al. (2013) | Piksa (2008) | Tsytsulina et al. (2012)	https://zenodo.org/record/6398865/files/figure.png	440. Common Whiskered Myotis Myotis mystacinus French: Murin a moustaches / German: Kleine Bartfledermaus / Spanish: Ratonero bigotudo Other common names: Common Whiskered Bat , Whiskered Bat , Whiskered Myotis Taxonomy. Vespertilio mystacinus Kuhl, 1817 , Hanau, Germany . Subgenus Myotis ; mystacinus species group. Several species were formerly grouped as a “whiskered Myotis ” morpho-group (e.g. M. mystacinus , M. muricola , M. brown, M. davidii , M. sibiricus , M. brandti) in subgenus Selysius, but genetic data show the group to be paraphyletic. Sympatric with M. davidii in the Middle East, where the respective ranges of the two require clarification. Three subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. M.m.mystacinusKuhl,1817—widespreadinEuropeNto64°N,fromSScandinaviatoNIberianPeninsulaandGreece,alsoonCorsicaandCrete. M.m.caucasicusTsytsulina,2000—Turkey,Lebanon,andCaucasus,extendingintoN&NEIran. M. m. occidentalis Benda, 2000 — S Iberian Peninsula and N Morocco . Descriptive notes. Head-body 35-48 mm , tail 30-43 mm , ear 12-15 mm , hindfoot c. 7 mm , forearm 32-36- 5 mm ; weight 4-7 g . The Common Whiskered Myotis is one of the smallest bats in Europe, with remarkably long fur. Dorsally dark brown or brownish, although some have reddish or even golden fur; ventrally grayish. Juveniles are always darker than adults, from blackish to grayish. Very similar to Brandt's Myotis (M. brandtir) and the Alcathoe Whiskered Myotis (M. alcathoe ), from which it can be distinguished by penis shape, which is long and regularly narrow in the Common Whiskered Myotis . Wings are blackish and are attached to body at base of fingers. Face and ears are dark or even black. Ears relatively long, with 4-5 horizontal folds; when extended, ears overpass snout by more than 2 mm ; tragus long, sharp and pointed. Foot relatively small, especially compared to trawling bats. The Iberian race seems to be larger and brighter. Skull is small and delicate; braincase is high with strongly concave forehead; no sagittal crest. P? is half height and crown area of P*, which does not touch P* P* and P* are usually both within tooth row, sometimes both slightly displaced lingually; lower molars are myotodont. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FNa = 50 Habitat. Very varied, from open habitats to forest patches, grassland, shrubland and desert, to humid areas, forests and following watercourses. Locally, it is a regular house-dweller in urban zones, where it also uses orchards and gardens. But in the south ofits range, it seems more closely related to woodlands (beech, oak, coniferous or deciduous forests). It also frequents agricultural land and montane ecosystems. Occurs from sea level up to mountains over 2000 m (e.g. Moroccan mountains from the Rif to southern slope of High Atlas). Food and Feeding. The Common Whiskered Myotis feeds on a wide-range of insects, with average prey size ¢.7- 5 mm . Usually takes flying insects, especially Diptera , Hymenoptera , and Lepidoptera ; but in lesser proportions also Coleoptera and non-flying insects such as spiders or caterpillars. Sometimes forages in vegetation, taking insects from surfaces. It has agile flight and high maneuverability. It usually hunts along forest borders, in semi-open areas and especially near inland waters, preferably over calm water; also floodplains. Rarely hunts aquatic insects. Breeding. Maternity colonies usually number 20-60, although colonies of several hundred have also been reported. The Common Whiskered Myotis uses a broad range of roosts such as trees, buildings and rock crevices, as well as bird and bat boxes. Colonies are frequently mixed with Common Pipistrelles ( Pipistrellus pipistrellus ) and single bats of other species. Males spend the summer alone, as maternity colonies are composed mostly of females, except in the Balkans, where colonies tend to be smaller and mixedsex). One-year-old females are sexually mature; young are born between mid-June and July. Mating has been reported between late-July and first half of August, occurring in male roosts, swarming sites or hibernation places (where mating occurs in early spring). At swarming sites, this species is one of the most abundant at caves; sex ratio is quite balanced compared with other Myotis (with high proportions of males). Mating starts in autumn and continues until hibernation. As in many other temperate species, the Common Whiskered Myotis has a delayed implantation of the embryo, as it only starts developing in spring when bats wake from hibernation. Maximum longevity record suggests a maximum of 23 years in the wild. Activity patterns. During the breeding season, colonies are commonly found in small cavities, cracks and gaps in houses, or under bridges or rock crevices; the Common Whiskered Myotis changes the roost frequently. In hibernation roosts, it is normally found alone or in relatively small aggregations, occupying caves, mines, tunnels or cracks in rocks, forming colonies of up to 100 bats. At hibernation roosts, temperature tends to range 2-8°C, with high humidity. Heaps of boulders may also be important sites for hibernation. Echolocation calls (similar in all small Myotis ) are relatively long (3-6 milliseconds); modulated pulses start at 75-120 kHz and end at 28-30 kHz. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Sedentary or a short-distance migrant, usually not exceeding 50-100 km ;a few flights surpass 150 km , with a maximum of 625 km in France . This species usually emerges to forage at sunset or up to ¢.30 minutes later; it moves up to 5 km each night to foraging areas; occasionally hunts during sunlight hours, covering average area of ¢.230 ha. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Common Whiskered Myotis is widespread, with no threats apparent. Due to the recent split of Brandt’s Myotis and the Alcathoe Whiskered Myotis ,its status needs reassessment. Local declines o have been reported, due to roost loss, disturbance or vandalism of underground habitats, and conversion of orchards for housing. In North Africa, the species is also used for traditional medicine, but at present this does not represent a threat. British and German populations seem to be stable. In Africa, the species seems to be very rare. Bibliography. Albayrak (1991), Benda & Karatas (2005), Benda & Tsytsulina (2000), Benda, Abi-Said et al. (2016), Benda, Faizolahi et al. (2012), Benda, Gazaryan & Vallo (2016), Boston, Buckley et al. (2010), Boston, Hanrahan et al. (2011), Buckley et al. (2013), Coroiu (2016c¢), Hanék (1970), Hanék et al. (2001), von Helversen et al. (2001), Kammonen (2015), Kondo & Sasaki (2005), Kruskop & Borisenko (1996), Lugan et al. (2011), Mayer & von Helversen (2001), Nogueras et al. (2013), Piksa (2008), Tsytsulina et al. (2012).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Myotis mystacinus	Myotis	Unassigned-Myotis	mystacinus	Kuhl	1817	1	Die Deutschen Flederm&auml;use. Hanau	p. 15	Whiskered Myotis	 bulgaricus Heinrich, 1936; collaris Schinz, 1821; humeralis Baillon, 1834; lugubris Fatio, 1869; nigricans Koch, 1865 [not Schinz, 1821]; nigricans Fatio, 1869 [not Schinz, 1821, or Koch, 1865]; nigrofuscus Fitzinger, 1871; rufofuscus Koch, 1865; schinzii Brehm, 1837; schrankii Wagner, 1843;  <b>occidentalis</b> Benda, 2000 [in Benda and Tsytsulina, 2000].	Germany.	Ireland and Scandinavia to C Russia and the Ural Moutains, Kazakhstan, south to Syria, Israel, and Morocco.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Reviewed by Strelkov (1983), Bates and Harrison (1997), and Horácek et al. (2000), revised by Benda and Tsytsulina (2000) and Tsytsulina(2001). Does not include aurascens,  davidii , caucasicus , hajastanicus , nipalensis , przewalskii , sogdianus , or transcaspicus ; see Benda and Tsytsulina (2000), Benda and Karatas (2005), Mayer et al. (2007), and Kawai et al.(2003), and Benda et al. (2016). This complex may include at least one cryptic species in Europe; see Mayer and von Helversen (2001 a ) and Mayer et al. (2007).Japanese specimens previously referred to this species clearly represent an apparently unnamed taxon distinct from both mystacinus and davidii ; see Kawai et al. (2003). Specimens from Vietnam originally identified as mystacinus may represent muricola (see Bates et al., 1999); alternatively, they might represent davidii or be conspecific with the unnamed Japanese form.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Myotis mystacinus	23	Common Whiskered Myotis	Common Whiskered Bat|Whiskered Bat|Whiskered Myotis	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	MYOTINAE	NA	Myotis	Myotis	mystacinus	Kuhl	1817	1	Vespertilio_mystacinus	Kuhl, H. (1817). Die Deutschen Fledermäuse. Hanau, 6.		ZMB 461 [syntype]		Hanau, Germany.			mystacinus (Kuhl, 1817)|collaris (Schinz, 1821)|humeralis (Baillon, 1834)|schinzii (Brehm, 1837)|schrankii (J. A. Wagner, 1843)|nigricans (L. Koch, 1865) [preoccupied]|rufofuscus (L. Koch, 1865)|lugubris (Fatio, 1869)|nigricans (Fatio, 1869) [preoccupied]|nigrofuscus (Fitzinger, 1871)|caucasicus Tsytsulina in Benda & Tsytsulina, 2000|occidentalis Benda in Benda & Tsytsulina, 2000	previously included aurascens, which is now regarded as synonyms of M. davidii; has also included M. nipalensis	Mayer, F., Dietz, C., & Kiefer, A. (2007). Molecular species identification boosts bat diversity. Frontiers in zoology, 4(1), 4.|Benda, P., Abi Said, M. R., Jaoude, I. B., Karanouh, R., Lučan, R. K., Sadek, R., ... & Horáček, I. (2016). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. Part 13. Review of distribution and ectoparasites of bats in Lebanon. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 80, 207-316.|Ruedi, M., Saikia, U., Thabah, A., Görföl, T., Thapa, S., & Csorba, G. (2021). Molecular and morphological revision of small Myotinae from the Himalayas shed new light on the poorly known genus Submyotodon (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Mammalian Biology.	Morocco|Ireland|United Kingdom|Norway|Sweden|Finland|Portugal|Spain|France|Luxembourg|Belgium|Netherlands|Germany|Switzerland|Liechtenstein|Italy|Austria|Czech Republic|Slovakia|Hungary|Poland|Slovenia|Croatia|Bosnia & Herzegovina|Serbia|Kosovo|Montenegro|Albania?|North Macedonia|Greece|Bulgaria|Romania|Moldova|Ukraine|Belarus|Lithuania|Latvia|Estonia|Russia|Georgia|Armenia|Azerbaijan|Turkey|Lebanon?	Africa|Asia|Europe	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Myotis_mystacinus	0	sciname match	Myotis_mystacinus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	14134	Myotis mystacinus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Myotis	mystacinus	(Kuhl, 1817)	At present this species includes three forms differing in morphological traits: M. mystacinus mystacinus (most of European range), M. mystacinus occidentalis (Iberia and Morocco) and M. mystacinus caucasicus (Caucasus region).	20000000	Myotis mystacinus	Least Concern		2016	2016-04-25 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species has a large population size and a wide distribution. No declines in population size have been detected, and there are no known widespread major threats. Assessed as Least Concern.	The Whiskered Myotis (Myotis mystacinus ) inhabits forest, woodland edge, shrubland, open meadows, steppe and semi-desert habitats and wooded landscape near to water sources, but is generally more a house-dwelling than woodland bat, and is commonly sighted in parks, gardens and villages. It roosts in colonies, living in trees, amongst rocks, and in livestock pens, and is also known to roost in caves, living there year round, and moving further back into the cave to hibernate during winter (Dulamtseren et al. ;1989). Summer maternity roosts are typically sited in trees, buildings, and bird and bat boxes. It hibernates in small groups in underground sites (caves, mines, and cellars). It is an occasional migrant, with movements of up to 240 km recorded (Gerell 1999). Movements of up to 625 km have been described, although the longest distance covered by a bat with certain species identification is 165 km (Gaisler et al. 2003 in Hutterer et al. 2005). It is a nocturnal species emerging to hunt at sunset, but has occasionally been sighted hunting during daylight hours. It hunts exclusively near inland waters, but feeds on non-aquatic flying insects, such as mosquitoes. Young are born in June/July.	There are no major threats to this species overall, although it is affected by loss of woodland and other aspects of land management and development. It is also affected by loss of and damage to roost sites in trees, buildings and underground habitats. In the African part of the species' range, cave habitat where the species roosts is being destroyed by fires and vandalism. Specimens are also collected for medicine, but not at a level that constitutes a threat to the species.	In Europe it is one of the more common species within the regular distribution area. It is very rare in North Africa, with only 25 specimens in 4 locations.	Unknown	Myotis mystacinus is a western Palaearctic species, occurring in western and central Europe, southern parts of Scandinavia, the British Isles, Morocco, northern parts of eastern Europe, western parts of the Caucasus and the Urals. The occurrence in south-east Europe is questionable but likely. It is marginal in Africa, restricted to Moroccan mountains from the Rif in the north to the southern slope of High Atlas in the south. It has been recorded from sea level up to 1,920 m asl (Gerell 1999).	In Africa this species is collected for medicine, but levels of exploitation do not represent a threat.	Terrestrial	It is protected by national legislation in most range states. There are also international legal obligations for its protection through the Bonn Convention (Eurobats) and Bern Convention. It is included in Annex IV of EU Habitats and Species Directive, and there is some habitat protection through Natura 2000. It occurs in protected areas throughout its range. Protection of cave roost sites is required.	Palearctic		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Myotis	Unassigned - Myotis	mystacinus	Kuhl	1817	1	Die Deutschen Flederm&auml;use. Hanau	p. 15	Whiskered Myotis	 bulgaricus Heinrich, 1936; collaris Schinz, 1821; humeralis Baillon, 1834; lugubris Fatio, 1869; nigricans Koch, 1865 [not Schinz, 1821]; nigricans Fatio, 1869 [not Schinz, 1821, or Koch, 1865]; nigrofuscus Fitzinger, 1871; rufofuscus Koch, 1865; schinzii Brehm, 1837; schrankii Wagner, 1843;  <b>occidentalis</b> Benda, 2000 [in Benda and Tsytsulina, 2000].	Germany.	Ireland and Scandinavia to C Russia and the Ural Moutains, Kazakhstan, south to Syria, Israel, and Morocco.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Reviewed by Strelkov (1983), Bates and Harrison (1997), and Horácek et al. (2000), revised by Benda and Tsytsulina (2000) and Tsytsulina(2001). Does not include aurascens,  davidii , caucasicus , hajastanicus , nipalensis , przewalskii , sogdianus , or transcaspicus ; see Benda and Tsytsulina (2000), Benda and Karatas (2005), Mayer et al. (2007), and Kawai et al.(2003), and Benda et al. (2016). This complex may include at least one cryptic species in Europe; see Mayer and von Helversen (2001 a ) and Mayer et al. (2007).Japanese specimens previously referred to this species clearly represent an apparently unnamed taxon distinct from both mystacinus and davidii ; see Kawai et al. (2003). Specimens from Vietnam originally identified as mystacinus may represent muricola (see Bates et al., 1999); alternatively, they might represent davidii or be conspecific with the unnamed Japanese form.	Myotis mystacinus	1005444	23	Common Whiskered Myotis	Common Whiskered Bat|Whiskered Bat|Whiskered Myotis	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	MYOTINAE	NA	Myotis	Myotis	mystacinus	Kuhl	1817	1	Vespertilio_mystacinus	Kuhl, H. (1817). Die Deutschen Fledermäuse. Hanau, 6.		ZMB 461 [syntype]		Hanau, Germany.			mystacinus (Kuhl, 1817)|collaris (Schinz, 1821)|humeralis (Baillon, 1834)|schinzii (Brehm, 1837)|schrankii (J. A. Wagner, 1843)|nigricans (L. Koch, 1865) [preoccupied]|rufofuscus (L. Koch, 1865)|lugubris (Fatio, 1869)|nigricans (Fatio, 1869) [preoccupied]|nigrofuscus (Fitzinger, 1871)|caucasicus Tsytsulina in Benda & Tsytsulina, 2000|occidentalis Benda in Benda & Tsytsulina, 2000	previously included aurascens, which is now regarded as synonyms of M. davidii; has also included M. nipalensis	Mayer, F., Dietz, C., & Kiefer, A. (2007). Molecular species identification boosts bat diversity. Frontiers in zoology, 4(1), 4.|Benda, P., Abi Said, M. R., Jaoude, I. B., Karanouh, R., Lučan, R. K., Sadek, R., ... & Horáček, I. (2016). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. Part 13. Review of distribution and ectoparasites of bats in Lebanon. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 80, 207-316.|Ruedi, M., Saikia, U., Thabah, A., Görföl, T., Thapa, S., & Csorba, G. (2021). Molecular and morphological revision of small Myotinae from the Himalayas shed new light on the poorly known genus Submyotodon (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Mammalian Biology.				Morocco|Ireland|United Kingdom|Norway|Sweden|Finland|Portugal|Spain|France|Luxembourg|Belgium|Netherlands|Germany|Switzerland|Liechtenstein|Italy|Austria|Czech Republic|Slovakia|Hungary|Poland|Slovenia|Croatia|Bosnia & Herzegovina|Serbia|Kosovo|Montenegro|Albania?|North Macedonia|Greece|Bulgaria|Romania|Moldova|Ukraine|Belarus|Lithuania|Latvia|Estonia|Russia|Georgia|Armenia|Azerbaijan|Turkey|Lebanon?	Africa|Asia|Europe	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Myotis_mystacinus	0	sciname match	Myotis_mystacinus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Myotis_mystacinus	1005444	23	Common Whiskered Myotis	Common Whiskered Bat|Whiskered Bat|Whiskered Myotis	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Myotinae	NA	Myotis	Myotis	mystacinus	Kuhl	1	Vespertilio mystacinus	Kuhl, H. 1817. Die deutschen Fledermäuse. None, Hanau, 67 pp.	https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30-91692	ZMB 461	syntypes		Hanau, Germany.			previously included aurascens, which is now regarded as synonyms of M. davidii; has also included M. nipalensis	Mayer, F., Dietz, C., & Kiefer, A. (2007). Molecular species identification boosts bat diversity. Frontiers in zoology, 4(1), 4.|Benda, P., Abi Said, M. R., Jaoude, I. B., Karanouh, R., Lučan, R. K., Sadek, R., ... & Horáček, I. (2016). Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. Part 13. Review of distribution and ectoparasites of bats in Lebanon. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 80, 207-316.|Ruedi, M., Saikia, U., Thabah, A., Görföl, T., Thapa, S., & Csorba, G. (2021). Molecular and morphological revision of small Myotinae from the Himalayas shed new light on the poorly known genus Submyotodon (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Mammalian Biology.				Morocco|Ireland|United Kingdom|Norway|Sweden|Finland|Portugal|Spain|France|Luxembourg|Belgium|Netherlands|Germany|Switzerland|Liechtenstein|Italy|Austria|Czech Republic|Slovakia|Hungary|Poland|Slovenia|Croatia|Bosnia and Herzegovina|Serbia|Kosovo|Montenegro|Albania?|North Macedonia|Greece|Bulgaria|Romania|Moldova|Ukraine|Belarus|Lithuania|Latvia|Estonia|Russia|Georgia|Armenia|Azerbaijan|Turkey|Lebanon?	Africa|Asia|Europe	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Myotis_mystacinus	0	sciname match	Myotis_mystacinus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Myotis	Myotis	mystacinus	Kuhl	1817	1	Die Deutschen Flederm&auml;use. Hanau	p. 7, 58	Whiskered Myotis	bulgaricus Heinrich, 1936; collaris Schinz, 1821; humeralis Baillon, 1834; lugubris Fatio, 1869; nigricans Koch, 1865 [not Schinz, 1821]; nigricans Fatio, 1869 [not Schinz, 1821, or Koch, 1865]; nigrofuscus Fitzinger, 1871; rufofuscus Koch, 1865; schinzii Brehm, 1837; schrankii Wagner, 1843;  occidentalis Benda, 2000 [in Benda and Tsytsulina, 2000].	Germany.	Ireland and Scandinavia to C Russia and the Ural Moutains, Kazakhstan, south to Syria, Israel, and Morocco.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/14134/22052250/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Reviewed by Strelkov (1983), Bates and Harrison (1997), and Horácek et al. (2000), revised by Benda and Tsytsulina (2000) and Tsytsulina(2001). Does not include aurascens, davidii, caucasicus, hajastanicus, nipalensis, przewalskii, sogdianus, or transcaspicus; see Benda and Tsytsulina (2000), Benda and Karatas (2005), Mayer et al. (2007), and Kawai et al.(2003), and Benda et al. (2016). This complex may include at least one cryptic species in Europe; see Mayer and von Helversen (2001a) and Mayer et al. (2007).Japanese specimens previously referred to this species clearly represent an apparently unnamed taxon distinct from both mystacinus and davidii; see Kawai et al. (2003). Specimens from Vietnam originally identified as mystacinus may represent muricola (see Bates et al., 1999); alternatively, they might represent davidii or be conspecific with the unnamed Japanese form.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Myotis mystacinus; Myotis mystacinus; Myotis mystacinus; Myotis mystacinus; Myotis mystacinus; Myotis mystacinus; mystacinus; caucasicus; occidentalis; aurascens; bulgaricus; collaris; humeralis; lugubris; nigricans; nigricans; nigrofuscus; rufofuscus; schinzii; schrankii; mystacinus; caucasicus; occidentalis; occidentalis; bulgaricus; collaris; humeralis; lugubris; nigricans; nigrofuscus; rufofuscus; schinzii; schrankii; mystacinus; collaris; humeralis; schinzii; schrankii; nigricans; rufofuscus; lugubris; nigricans; nigrofuscus; caucasicus; occidentalis; Murin a moustaches; Kleine Bartfledermaus; Ratonero bigotudo; Common Whiskered Bat; Whiskered Bat; Whiskered Myotis; Common Whiskered Myotis; Common Whiskered Bat; Whiskered Bat; Whiskered Myotis; Whiskered Myotis; Whiskered Myotis; M. mystacinus