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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L926	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Myotis myotis	Myotis myotis	Myotis myotis	Myotis myotis	Myotis myotis	Myotis myotis	Myotis myotis	Myotis myotis	Myotis myotis	Myotis myotis	Myotis myotis	Myotis myotis	Myotis myotis	Myotis myotis	Myotis myotis		[MSW2] Subgenus Myotis. See Corbet (1978c:50) for content of this species.; [MSW3] See Corbet (1978c) and Horácek et al. (2000) for discussion of synonyms. Zhang Yongzu et al. (1997) included ancilla and chinensis in myotis, but this is apparently incorrect; see Horácek et al. (2000). Closely related to blythii, oxygnathus, and punicus; see Castella et al. (2000), Mayer and von Helversen (2001a), and Ruedi and Mayer (2001). Middle Eastern records reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991), Palearctic records by Horácek et al. (2000).; [HMW] Vespertilio myotis Borkhausen, 1797 , Thuringia , Germany . Subgenus Myotis ; myotis species group. See M. blythii . Taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships between M. blythii and M. myotis are still controversial and need additional research. They interbreed and produce viable hybrids. Two subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022] See Corbet (1978 c ) and Horácek et al. (2000) for discussion of synonyms. Zhang Yongzu et al. (1997) included ancilla and chinensis in myotis , but this is apparently incorrect; see Horácek et al. (2000). Closely related to blythii and punicus , but distinct; see Castella et al. (2000), Mayer and von Helversen (2001 a ), Ruedi and Mayer (2001), and Furman et al.(2014). Furman et al. (2014) found two distinct subgroups, which do not correspond to any previously identified subspecies, including macrocephalicus and later indicated that two subspecies should be recognized: the nominotypical form and <macrocephalicus (Furman et al., 2017). Middle Eastern records reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991), Palearctic records by Horácek et al. (2000).; [batnames2023] See Corbet (1978 c ) and Horácek et al. (2000) for discussion of synonyms. Zhang Yongzu et al. (1997) included ancilla and chinensis in myotis , but this is apparently incorrect; see Horácek et al. (2000). Closely related to blythii and punicus , but distinct; see Castella et al. (2000), Mayer and von Helversen (2001 a ), Ruedi and Mayer (2001), and Furman et al.(2014). Furman et al. (2014) found two distinct subgroups, which do not correspond to any previously identified subspecies, including macrocephalicus and later indicated that two subspecies should be recognized: the nominotypical form and <macrocephalicus (Furman et al., 2017). Middle Eastern records reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991), Palearctic records by Horácek et al. (2000).; [batnames2025_1.7] See Corbet (1978c) and Horácek et al. (2000) for discussion of synonyms. Zhang Yongzu et al. (1997) included ancilla andchinensis in myotis, but this is apparently incorrect; see Horácek et al. (2000). Closely related to blythii and punicus, but distinct; see Castella et al. (2000), Mayer and von Helversen (2001a), Ruedi and Mayer (2001), and Furman et al.(2014). Furman et al. (2014) found two distinct subgroups, which do not correspond to any previously identified subspecies, including macrocephalicus and later indicated that two subspecies should be recognized: the nominotypical form and <macrocephalicus (Furman et al., 2017). Middle Eastern records reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991), Palearctic records by Horácek et al. (2000).						alpinus, latipennis, macrocephalicus, myosotis, submurinus, typus.	macrocephalicus, myotis	myotis, macrocephalicus	alpinus, latipennis, myosotis, spelaea, submurinus, typus	myotis, macrocephalicus		myotis, macrocephalicus	myotis - alpinus, latipennis, myosotis, spelaea, submurinus, typus	myotis, myosotis, submurinus, latipennis, alpinus, typus, spelaea, macrocephalicus		myotis, macrocephalicus	myotis - alpinus, latipennis, myosotis, spelaea, submurinus, typus	myotis, myosotis, submurinus, latipennis, alpinus, typus, spelaea, macrocephalicus	myosotis, myotis, submurinus, alpinus, typus, spelaeus, macrocephalicus	macrocephalicus, myotis	myotis - alpinus, latipennis, myosotis, spelaea, submurinus, typus	myosotis (André, 1797)|myotis (Borkhausen, 1797)|submurinus (Brehm, 1827)|alpinus C. Koch, 1863|typus C. Koch, 1863|spelaeus Bielz, 1886 [preoccupied]|macrocephalicus D. L. Harrison & Lewis, 1961		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Large mouse-eared bat	SW Europe – Syria	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Myotis myotis	Germany, Thuringia.	Borkhausen	1797	Deutsche Fauna, 1:80.	Distribution: Ranging through western Eurasia from England and Portugal to Ukrainia and Israel; also many Mediterranean islands and recorded from the Azores.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Large mouse-eared bat	SW Europe – Asia Minor; Azores; ref. 4.67; K	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Borkhausen	1797	Deutsche Fauna, 1:80.	Subgenus Myotis. See Corbet (1978c:50) for content of this species.	C and S Europe, east to Ukraine; S England; most Mediterranean islands; Azores (Portugal); Asia Minor; Lebanon; Israel.	Germany, Thuringia.		BORKHAUSEN	1797	Size relatively large (forearm length, 58-71 mm; condylobasal length, 22-25 mm). Ear fairly large. Braincase relatively low and rostrum relatively broad. Nasal emargination medium. Middle upper premolar usually at least partly displaced medially from the toothrow. Anterior and middle lower incisors three-cusped.	Distribution: Ranging through western Eurasia from England and Portugal to Ukrainia and Israel; also many Mediterranean islands and recorded from the Azores.	Two subspecies are recognized:	M. m. macrocephalicus (Israel and Lebanon), M. m. myotis (remainder of range).	100	species	M. myotis	BORKHAUSEN	1797	Myotis	subgenus	Myotis myotis				Size relatively large (forearm length, 58-71 mm; condylobasal length, 22-25 mm). Ear fairly large. Braincase relatively low and rostrum relatively broad. Nasal emargination medium. Middle upper premolar usually at least partly displaced medially from the toothrow. Anterior and middle lower incisors three-cusped.	Two subspecies are recognized:		2. M. myotis (BORKHAUSEN 1797) [myotis group],	2	_M. m. macrocephalicus_ Harrison & Lewis, 1961; _M. m. myotis_ (Borkhausen, 1797) (synonyms: _alpinus_ Koch, 1863, _murinus_ Linnaeus, 1758, _myosotis_ (André, 1797), _spelaeus_ Bielz, 1886, _submurinus_ (Brehm, 1827), _typus_ Koch, 1863)			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Myotinae		Myotis myotis	Myotis		myotis	Borkhausen	y	1797		Deutsche Fauna	1		80		Mouse-eared Myotis	Germany, Thuringia.	C and S Europe, east to Ukraine; S England; most Mediterranean islands; Azores (Portugal); Asia Minor; Lebanon, Syria, and Israel.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt).	alpinus Koch, 1865; latipennis Crespon, 1844; myosotis author unknown, date 1797 or 1800 [see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951]; spelaea Bielz, 1886 [not Koch, 1865]; submurinus Brehm, 1827; typus Koch, 1865; macrocephalicus Harrison and Lewis, 1961.	See Corbet (1978c) and Horácek et al. (2000) for discussion of synonyms. Zhang Yongzu et al. (1997) included ancilla and chinensis in myotis, but this is apparently incorrect; see Horácek et al. (2000). Closely related to blythii, oxygnathus, and punicus; see Castella et al. (2000), Mayer and von Helversen (2001a), and Ruedi and Mayer (2001). Middle Eastern records reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991), Palearctic records by Horácek et al. (2000).	4C3D87E8FF2C6A9CFA8D9DE9196CB989	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	977	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FF2C6A9CFA8D9DE9196CB989.xml	Myotis myotis	Vespertilionidae	Myotis	myotis		1797	Grand Murin @fr | Gro Res Mausohr @de | Ratonero grande @es | Greater Mouse-eared Bat @en | Large Mouse-eared Bat @en | Mouse-eared Bat @en | Mouse-eared Myotis @en	Vespertilio myotis Borkhausen, 1797 , Thuringia , Germany . Subgenus Myotis ; myotis species group. See M. blythii . Taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships between M. blythii and M. myotis are still controversial and need additional research. They interbreed and produce viable hybrids. Two subspecies recognized.	M.m.myotisBorkhausen,1797—S&CentralEurope,fromPortugaltoTurkey,alsoinBalearicIsandSicily,withthelimitsofitsdistributioninNofGermany,SofDenmark,Netherlands,NofPolandandWUkraine. M. m. macrocephalicus D. L. Harrison & Lewis, 1961 — E Mediterranean countries.	Head-body 65-84 mm , tail 40-60 mm , ear 24-4-27- 8 mm , forearm 55-66- 9 mm ; weight 20-27 g . The Greater Myotis is one of the largest bat species in Europe and the largest species of Myotis , with females being slightly larger than males. Color differs quite remarkably between dorsum (reddish or brown) and venter (whitish or pale cream-beige). Fur is generally short and dense, with woolly aspect. Yellowish collar is sometimes noticeable surrounding neck. Young tend to be more grayish than adults, with shorter and denser fur. Skin is paler than other congeners. Length of ears and muzzle (broad and large) are quite distinctive traits to identify Greater Myotis from a distance. Wings are blackish or dark brown and quite broad, with wingspans of 350-450 mm . Uropatagium is markedly large, with large calcar that helps them glean prey from the ground. Although some studies suggest that the Lesser Myotis ( M. blythii ) and the Greater Myotis are morphologically different in terms of ear size (shorter in the former), tragus tip (black), and tooth row length (less than 9- 8 mm ), both species are so similar that identifying them by only morphological traits is not entirely reliable. Skull is large with robust rostrum and low braincase compared to unrelated Myotis ; forehead region is moderately concave and sagittal crest is strongly developed. P? is about one-half height and crown area of P? or less and is within tooth row. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FNa = 50 ( Turkey ) or 52 ( Germany ).	Various habitats from deciduous forests (mostly open forests or forest edges) to semi-open and open grasslands and pastures, agricultural land, and fruit and olive orchards from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 2000 m . Greater Myotis is usually linked to habitats with large clearings and little ground cover because they hunt insects on the ground and need space to maneuver. Although in lower numbers, they also have been recorded in high-elevation meadows, pastures, and harvested fields.	The Greater Myotis is gleaner, specialized in capturing large arthropods such as Coleoptera (ground-dwelling beetles, Carabidae ), Orthoptera , and Aracnida (especially in the Mediterranean area) on the ground. Therefore,it tends to fly very slowly and 30-70 cm from the surface to increase chances of detecting prey. Along with echolocation, it relies on smell and audible sound detection;it passively listens for noises produced by prey. After prey is detected,it lands just above it and captures it with its mouth. After it captures a insects from a surface,it either consumesit in flight (if the prey is small) or hangs from a nearby perch (if the prey is large). It uses aerial hawking to hunt some insects (e.g. chafers). It can easily switch hunting strategy and habitat depending on insect availability. In fact,it always selects its hunting sites depending on higher density of suitable prey and better accessibility of ground-dwelling prey. When the Lesser Myotis and the Greater Myotis forage sympatrically, diets are partitioned with bush crickets and carabid beetles as their main food items, respectively.	Maternity colonies can have up to several thousands of individuals, usually in caves, mines, or other underground roosts. Maternity colonies mainly have adult females and their offspring and only a few males; apparently these males are not the most reproductively successful because females prefer to mate with males from outside the colony that wait in small clusters and colonies nearby. Maternity colonies are placed in sites with temperatures of 30-34°C and are formed at the end of March and last until August. Females give birth in May—June (April in some Mediterranean countries), and after 6-8 weeks, young are fully independent. Locations of maternity colonies are strongly influenced by climate and parasite abundance in caves, and they might change from year to year. Most females become sexually active during the first and second year of life. Maximum longevity is up to 22 years in the wild.	The Greater Myotis is generally classified as strictly cave dwelling. Depending on the region,it also uses artificial roosts in buildings (e.g. loft spaces, churches, cellars, and empty cavities below roofs) and very occasionally trees or bat boxes. In the northern part ofits distribution, Greater Myotis tend to roost in human structures, but in the southern part, they are mostly found in underground roosts (e.g. caves or mines). They emerge from cavesafter other species such as Schreibers’s Long-fingered Bat ( Miniopterus schreibersii ) and definitely forage later than pipistrelles ( Pipistrellus ). Nightly activity is equally bimodal, with a peak 1-2 hoursafter sunset and another before dawn. Echolocation calls are very similar among all species of Myotis in Europe. Greater Myotis emit extremely modulated pulses of 120-170 kHz down to 26-29 kHz, with peak frequency usually ¢.35 kHz and durations ¢.6-10 milliseconds.	The Greater Myotis is not clearly migratory, but movements up to 436 km have been reported. The Strait of Gibraltar seems to act as a geographical barrier. Movements of 50-100 km are typical between summer and winter roosts. Every night, individuals fly 5-26 km to reach hunting sites. In some regions, Greater Myotis have foraging areas of up to 1000 ha. It is assumed to be gregarious, with relatively large colonies, but there are reports of solitary males and young females roosting alone in tree holes, bat boxes, and fissures of bridges. In winter, they seem to congregate in small clusters in mines, caves, bunkers, and tunnels, usually at 5-15°C, rather warm compared with other winter roosts. From the end of the maternity period to hibernation, Greater Myotis from various locations often swarm in roosts (caves or buildings) commonly used by males. Swarming period peaks in September. Greater Myotis are commonly found with other cave-dwelling bat species such as Greater Horseshoe Bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum), Mediterranean Horseshoe Bats (R. euryale), Lesser Myotis , Geoffroy’s Myotis ( M. emarginatus ), and Schreibers’s Long-fingered Bat ( Miniopterus schreibersii ).	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Greater Myotis was possibly extirpated in the British Isles in the 1990s. Its populations dramatically decreased a few decades ago, but they now seem to be stable. Nevertheless,it is considered widespread and common in most ofits distribution.	Arlettaz (1996a, 1999) | Arlettaz, Perrin & Hausser (1997) | Arlettaz, Ruedi & Hausser (1991) | Arlettaz, Ruedi, Ibanez et al. (1997) | Audet (1990) | Bachanek & Postawa (2010) | Berthier et al. (2006) | Castella & Ruedi (2000) | Castella, Ruedi & Excoffier (2001) | Castella, Ruedi, Excoffier, Ibanez et al. (2000) | Coroiu et al. (2016) | Furman et al. (2014) | Guttinger et al. (2001) | Habersetzer & Vogler (1983) | Jebb et al. (2017) | Obrist et al. (2004) | Pacifici et al. (2013) | Petri et al. (1997) | Roué & SFEPM (1997) | Rudolph et al. (2009) | Ruedi & Castella (2003) | Russo, Jones & Arlettaz (2007) | Simon et al. (2004) | Spitzenberger (2002) | Volleth & Heller (2012) | Wojciechowski et al. (2007) | Zahn (1999)	https://zenodo.org/record/6398999/files/figure.png	487. Greater Myotis Myotis myotis French: Grand Murin / German: GroRes Mausohr / Spanish: Ratonero grande Other common names: Greater Mouse-eared Bat , Large Mouse-eared Bat , Mouse-eared Bat , Mouse-eared Myotis Taxonomy. Vespertilio myotis Borkhausen, 1797 , Thuringia , Germany . Subgenus Myotis ; myotis species group. See M. blythii . Taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships between M. blythii and M. myotis are still controversial and need additional research. They interbreed and produce viable hybrids. Two subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. M.m.myotisBorkhausen,1797—S&CentralEurope,fromPortugaltoTurkey,alsoinBalearicIsandSicily,withthelimitsofitsdistributioninNofGermany,SofDenmark,Netherlands,NofPolandandWUkraine. M. m. macrocephalicus D. L. Harrison & Lewis, 1961 — E Mediterranean countries. Descriptive notes. Head-body 65-84 mm , tail 40-60 mm , ear 24-4-27- 8 mm , forearm 55-66- 9 mm ; weight 20-27 g . The Greater Myotis is one of the largest bat species in Europe and the largest species of Myotis , with females being slightly larger than males. Color differs quite remarkably between dorsum (reddish or brown) and venter (whitish or pale cream-beige). Fur is generally short and dense, with woolly aspect. Yellowish collar is sometimes noticeable surrounding neck. Young tend to be more grayish than adults, with shorter and denser fur. Skin is paler than other congeners. Length of ears and muzzle (broad and large) are quite distinctive traits to identify Greater Myotis from a distance. Wings are blackish or dark brown and quite broad, with wingspans of 350-450 mm . Uropatagium is markedly large, with large calcar that helps them glean prey from the ground. Although some studies suggest that the Lesser Myotis ( M. blythii ) and the Greater Myotis are morphologically different in terms of ear size (shorter in the former), tragus tip (black), and tooth row length (less than 9- 8 mm ), both species are so similar that identifying them by only morphological traits is not entirely reliable. Skull is large with robust rostrum and low braincase compared to unrelated Myotis ; forehead region is moderately concave and sagittal crest is strongly developed. P? is about one-half height and crown area of P? or less and is within tooth row. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FNa = 50 ( Turkey ) or 52 ( Germany ). Habitat. Various habitats from deciduous forests (mostly open forests or forest edges) to semi-open and open grasslands and pastures, agricultural land, and fruit and olive orchards from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 2000 m . Greater Myotis is usually linked to habitats with large clearings and little ground cover because they hunt insects on the ground and need space to maneuver. Although in lower numbers, they also have been recorded in high-elevation meadows, pastures, and harvested fields. Food and Feeding. The Greater Myotis is gleaner, specialized in capturing large arthropods such as Coleoptera (ground-dwelling beetles, Carabidae ), Orthoptera , and Aracnida (especially in the Mediterranean area) on the ground. Therefore,it tends to fly very slowly and 30-70 cm from the surface to increase chances of detecting prey. Along with echolocation, it relies on smell and audible sound detection;it passively listens for noises produced by prey. After prey is detected,it lands just above it and captures it with its mouth. After it captures a insects from a surface,it either consumesit in flight (if the prey is small) or hangs from a nearby perch (if the prey is large). It uses aerial hawking to hunt some insects (e.g. chafers). It can easily switch hunting strategy and habitat depending on insect availability. In fact,it always selects its hunting sites depending on higher density of suitable prey and better accessibility of ground-dwelling prey. When the Lesser Myotis and the Greater Myotis forage sympatrically, diets are partitioned with bush crickets and carabid beetles as their main food items, respectively. Breeding. Maternity colonies can have up to several thousands of individuals, usually in caves, mines, or other underground roosts. Maternity colonies mainly have adult females and their offspring and only a few males; apparently these males are not the most reproductively successful because females prefer to mate with males from outside the colony that wait in small clusters and colonies nearby. Maternity colonies are placed in sites with temperatures of 30-34°C and are formed at the end of March and last until August. Females give birth in May—June (April in some Mediterranean countries), and after 6-8 weeks, young are fully independent. Locations of maternity colonies are strongly influenced by climate and parasite abundance in caves, and they might change from year to year. Most females become sexually active during the first and second year of life. Maximum longevity is up to 22 years in the wild. Activity patterns. The Greater Myotis is generally classified as strictly cave dwelling. Depending on the region,it also uses artificial roosts in buildings (e.g. loft spaces, churches, cellars, and empty cavities below roofs) and very occasionally trees or bat boxes. In the northern part ofits distribution, Greater Myotis tend to roost in human structures, but in the southern part, they are mostly found in underground roosts (e.g. caves or mines). They emerge from cavesafter other species such as Schreibers’s Long-fingered Bat ( Miniopterus schreibersii ) and definitely forage later than pipistrelles ( Pipistrellus ). Nightly activity is equally bimodal, with a peak 1-2 hoursafter sunset and another before dawn. Echolocation calls are very similar among all species of Myotis in Europe. Greater Myotis emit extremely modulated pulses of 120-170 kHz down to 26-29 kHz, with peak frequency usually ¢.35 kHz and durations ¢.6-10 milliseconds. Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Greater Myotis is not clearly migratory, but movements up to 436 km have been reported. The Strait of Gibraltar seems to act as a geographical barrier. Movements of 50-100 km are typical between summer and winter roosts. Every night, individuals fly 5-26 km to reach hunting sites. In some regions, Greater Myotis have foraging areas of up to 1000 ha. It is assumed to be gregarious, with relatively large colonies, but there are reports of solitary males and young females roosting alone in tree holes, bat boxes, and fissures of bridges. In winter, they seem to congregate in small clusters in mines, caves, bunkers, and tunnels, usually at 5-15°C, rather warm compared with other winter roosts. From the end of the maternity period to hibernation, Greater Myotis from various locations often swarm in roosts (caves or buildings) commonly used by males. Swarming period peaks in September. Greater Myotis are commonly found with other cave-dwelling bat species such as Greater Horseshoe Bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum), Mediterranean Horseshoe Bats (R. euryale), Lesser Myotis , Geoffroy’s Myotis ( M. emarginatus ), and Schreibers’s Long-fingered Bat ( Miniopterus schreibersii ). Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Greater Myotis was possibly extirpated in the British Isles in the 1990s. Its populations dramatically decreased a few decades ago, but they now seem to be stable. Nevertheless,it is considered widespread and common in most ofits distribution. Bibliography. Arlettaz (1996a, 1999), Arlettaz, Perrin & Hausser (1997), Arlettaz, Ruedi & Hausser (1991), Arlettaz, Ruedi, Ibanez et al. (1997), Audet (1990), Bachanek & Postawa (2010), Berthier et al. (2006), Castella & Ruedi (2000), Castella, Ruedi & Excoffier (2001), Castella, Ruedi, Excoffier, Ibanez et al. (2000), Coroiu et al. (2016), Furman et al. (2014), Guttinger et al. (2001), Habersetzer & Vogler (1983), Jebb et al. (2017), Obrist et al. (2004), Pacifici et al. (2013), Petri et al. (1997), Roué & SFEPM (1997), Rudolph et al. (2009), Ruedi & Castella (2003), Russo, Jones & Arlettaz (2007), Simon et al. (2004), Spitzenberger (2002), Volleth & Heller (2012), Wojciechowski et al. (2007), Zahn (1999).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Myotis myotis	Myotis	Unassigned-Myotis	myotis	Borkhausen	1797	1	Deutsche Fauna	0.0972	Mouse-eared Myotis	 alpinus Koch, 1865; latipennis Crespon, 1844; myosotis author unknown, date 1797 or 1800 [see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951]; spelaea Bielz, 1886 [not Koch, 1865]; submurinus Brehm, 1827; typus Koch, 1865; <b> macrocephalicus </b>Harrison and Lewis, 1961.	Germany, Thuringia.	C and S Europe, east to Ukraine; S England; most Mediterranean islands; Azores (Portugal); Asia Minor; Lebanon, Syria, and Israel.	Not listed.	Least Concern	See Corbet (1978 c ) and Horácek et al. (2000) for discussion of synonyms. Zhang Yongzu et al. (1997) included ancilla and chinensis in myotis , but this is apparently incorrect; see Horácek et al. (2000). Closely related to blythii and punicus , but distinct; see Castella et al. (2000), Mayer and von Helversen (2001 a ), Ruedi and Mayer (2001), and Furman et al.(2014). Furman et al. (2014) found two distinct subgroups, which do not correspond to any previously identified subspecies, including macrocephalicus and later indicated that two subspecies should be recognized: the nominotypical form and <macrocephalicus (Furman et al., 2017). Middle Eastern records reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991), Palearctic records by Horácek et al. (2000).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Myotis myotis	23	Greater Myotis	Greater Mouse-eared Bat|Large Mouse-eared Bat|Mouse-eared Bat|Mouse-eared Myotis	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	MYOTINAE	NA	Myotis	Myotis	myotis	Borkhausen	1797	1						Thuringia, Germany.			myotis (Borkhausen, 1797)|myosotis (Author Unknown, 1797) [date possibly 1800 and referenced as either Borkhausen or Bechstein occasionally]|submurinus (Brehm, 1827)|latipennis (Crespon, 1844)|alpinus L. Koch, 1865|typus L. Koch, 1865|spelaea Bielz, 1866 [preoccupied]|macrocephalicus D. L. Harrison & Lewis, 1961	NA	NA	Portugal|Spain|France|Netherlands|Belgium|Luxembourg|Germany|Switzerland|Liechtenstein|Italy|Austria|Slovakia|Czech Republic|Poland|Hungary|Slovenia|Croatia|Bosnia & Herzegovina|Albania|Montenegro|Serbia|Kosovo|North Macedonia|Greece|Bulgaria|Romania|Moldova|Ukraine|Turkey|Syria|Lebanon|Israel	Asia|Europe	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Myotis_myotis	0	sciname match	Myotis_myotis	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	14133	Myotis myotis	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Myotis	myotis	(Borkhausen, 1797)		20000000	Myotis myotis	Least Concern		2016	2016-04-25 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	The species experienced a significant population reduction in the past but is now stable (at lower densities) or recovering throughout the range. The range is still wide and the population large (tens of thousands of individuals in various countries). Consequently it is assessed as Least Concern.	The Greater Mouse-eared Bat (Myotis myotis ) forages over deciduous woodland edge, open deciduous woodland and pasture. It preys on large, ground-dwelling arthropods such as beetles, crickets, and spiders, gleaning them from the ground. In much of its range, this bat roosts in underground sites all year, while in northern parts ;of its range it uses also buildings (loft-spaces) during summer. Occasionally it forms small colonies in trees. It is an occasional migrant; the longest recorded movement is 436 km (Simon et al. 2004).	In Europe, it is a typical species of agricultural mosaic landscapes, therefore agricultural activities (e.g., pesticide use, intensification that leads to loss of scrubby patches, hedgerows, and small woods) can affect populations of this species. Loss of or damage to roost sites in underground habitats and buildings is a major problem in places.	A common species in most of its distributional range, although populations in several regions fluctuate in numbers. During the 1980s and 1990s in central Europe there were increases in numbers following major declines in earlier decades. It forms large nursery colonies (tens to thousands of individuals) in caves and also in loft spaces in central Europe. In Austria the population was estimated to be 76,000 individuals in 1999 and is still increasing (Spitzenberger 2002, F. Spitzenberger pers. comm. 2006). In France 37,000 individuals were recorded in summer 1995 (Roue and Groupe Chiropteres 1997); trend data are not available. A small population went extinct in Britain in 1990 (A. Hutson pers. comm. 2006). It is also considered extinct in Gibraltar since no records have been collected from the country since 1990's (S. Finlayson pers. comm. 2015). In the Balkans and in Turkey it is stable. Bachanek and Postawa (2010) reported morphological evidence of hybridization between Myotis myotis ;and its sister species Myotis oxygnathus in the Carpatian Basin, but now the hybridization is considered between M. myotis and M. blythii (Furman et al . 2014).<p><span lang="EN-US"></p>	Stable	The Greater Mouse-eared Bat (Myotis myotis ) ;is a western Palaearctic species; it occurs in western, central and southern Europe (with individual records from southern England and southern Sweden) and in Asia Minor and in the Levant. In the Mediterranean it shows important hybridization areas with the sibling species M. blythii (Furman et al . 2014). ;<p><span lang="EN-US"></p>		Terrestrial	Protected by national legislation in most range states. Also international legal obligations for protection through Bonn Convention (Eurobats) and Bern Convention in range countries where those apply. Included in Annex II (and (IV) of EU Habitats and Species Directive, and hence requiring special measures for conservation including designation of Special Areas for Conservation. Some habitat protection through Natura 2000. In Spain it is recommended that not only should the roosts be protected but also the surrounding countryside - a 20 km zone around the most important colonies should be maintained under traditional agricultural practices. Research is required into the use of anti-parasitic drugs on livestock and their effect on dung beetles and other invertebrate fauna attracted to dung, as this bat species feeds on these invertebrates.	Palearctic		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Myotis	Unassigned - Myotis	myotis	Borkhausen	1797	1	Deutsche Fauna	0.097222	Mouse-eared Myotis	 alpinus Koch, 1865; latipennis Crespon, 1844; myosotis author unknown, date 1797 or 1800 [see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951]; spelaea Bielz, 1886 [not Koch, 1865]; submurinus Brehm, 1827; typus Koch, 1865; <b> macrocephalicus </b>Harrison and Lewis, 1961.	Germany, Thuringia.	C and S Europe, east to Ukraine; S England; most Mediterranean islands; Azores (Portugal); Asia Minor; Lebanon, Syria, and Israel.	Not listed.	Least Concern	See Corbet (1978 c ) and Horácek et al. (2000) for discussion of synonyms. Zhang Yongzu et al. (1997) included ancilla and chinensis in myotis , but this is apparently incorrect; see Horácek et al. (2000). Closely related to blythii and punicus , but distinct; see Castella et al. (2000), Mayer and von Helversen (2001 a ), Ruedi and Mayer (2001), and Furman et al.(2014). Furman et al. (2014) found two distinct subgroups, which do not correspond to any previously identified subspecies, including macrocephalicus and later indicated that two subspecies should be recognized: the nominotypical form and <macrocephalicus (Furman et al., 2017). Middle Eastern records reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991), Palearctic records by Horácek et al. (2000).	Myotis myotis	1005443	23	Greater Myotis	Greater Mouse-eared Bat|Large Mouse-eared Bat|Mouse-eared Bat|Mouse-eared Myotis	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	MYOTINAE	NA	Myotis	Myotis	myotis	Borkhausen	1797	1						Thuringia, Germany.			myotis (Borkhausen, 1797)|myosotis (Author Unknown, 1797) [date possibly 1800 and referenced as either Borkhausen or Bechstein occasionally]|submurinus (Brehm, 1827)|latipennis (Crespon, 1844)|alpinus L. Koch, 1865|typus L. Koch, 1865|spelaea Bielz, 1866 [preoccupied]|macrocephalicus D. L. Harrison & Lewis, 1961	NA	NA				Portugal|Spain|France|Netherlands|Belgium|Luxembourg|Germany|Switzerland|Liechtenstein|Italy|Austria|Slovakia|Czech Republic|Poland|Hungary|Slovenia|Croatia|Bosnia & Herzegovina|Albania|Montenegro|Serbia|Kosovo|North Macedonia|Greece|Bulgaria|Romania|Moldova|Ukraine|Turkey|Syria|Lebanon|Israel	Asia|Europe	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Myotis_myotis	0	sciname match	Myotis_myotis	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Myotis_myotis	1005443	23	Greater Myotis	Greater Mouse-eared Bat|Large Mouse-eared Bat|Mouse-eared Bat|Mouse-eared Myotis	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Myotinae	NA	Myotis	Myotis	myotis	Borkhausen	1	Vespertilio Myotis	Borkhausen, M.B. 1797-09-30. Deutsche Fauna, oder kurzgefaßte Naturgeschichte der Thiere Deutschlands. Erster Theil. Säugthiere und Vögel. Varrentrapp und Werner, Frankfurt am Main, 620 pp.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38962588				Thuringia, Germany.			NA	NA				Portugal|Spain|France|Netherlands|Belgium|Luxembourg|Germany|Switzerland|Liechtenstein|Italy|Austria|Slovakia|Czech Republic|Poland|Hungary|Slovenia|Croatia|Bosnia and Herzegovina|Albania|Montenegro|Serbia|Kosovo|North Macedonia|Greece|Bulgaria|Romania|Moldova|Ukraine|Turkey|Syria|Lebanon|Israel	Asia|Europe	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Myotis_myotis	0	sciname match	Myotis_myotis	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Myotis	Myotis	myotis	Borkhausen	1797	1	Deutsche Fauna	0.097222	Mouse-eared Myotis	alpinus Koch, 1865; latipennis Crespon, 1844; myosotis author unknown, date 1797 or 1800 [see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951]; spelaea Bielz, 1886 [not Koch, 1865]; submurinus Brehm, 1827; typus Koch, 1865; macrocephalicus Harrison and Lewis, 1961.	Germany, Thuringia.	C and S Europe, east to Ukraine; S England; most Mediterranean islands; Azores (Portugal); Asia Minor; Lebanon, Syria, and Israel.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/14133/22051759/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	See Corbet (1978c) and Horácek et al. (2000) for discussion of synonyms. Zhang Yongzu et al. (1997) included ancilla andchinensis in myotis, but this is apparently incorrect; see Horácek et al. (2000). Closely related to blythii and punicus, but distinct; see Castella et al. (2000), Mayer and von Helversen (2001a), Ruedi and Mayer (2001), and Furman et al.(2014). Furman et al. (2014) found two distinct subgroups, which do not correspond to any previously identified subspecies, including macrocephalicus and later indicated that two subspecies should be recognized: the nominotypical form and <macrocephalicus (Furman et al., 2017). Middle Eastern records reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991), Palearctic records by Horácek et al. (2000).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Myotis myotis; Myotis myotis; Myotis myotis; Myotis myotis; Myotis myotis; Myotis myotis; myotis; macrocephalicus; alpinus; latipennis; myosotis; spelaea; submurinus; typus; myotis; macrocephalicus; macrocephalicus; alpinus; latipennis; myosotis; spelaea; submurinus; typus; myotis; myosotis; submurinus; latipennis; alpinus; typus; spelaea; macrocephalicus; Grand Murin; Gro Res Mausohr; Ratonero grande; Greater Mouse-eared Bat; Large Mouse-eared Bat; Mouse-eared Bat; Mouse-eared Myotis; Greater Myotis; Greater Mouse-eared Bat; Large Mouse-eared Bat; Mouse-eared Bat; Mouse-eared Myotis; Mouse-eared Myotis; Mouse-eared Myotis; M. myotis