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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L873	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Myotis frater	Myotis frater	Myotis frater	Myotis frater	Myotis frater	Myotis frater	Myotis frater	Myotis frater	Myotis frater	Myotis frater	Myotis frater	Myotis frater	Myotis frater	Myotis frater	Myotis frater		[MSW2] Subgenus Selysius. Includes longicaudatus; see Corbet (1978c:49); but also see Wang Sung(1959).; [MSW3] Includes longicaudatus, see Corbet (1978c) and Tsytsulina and Strelkov (2001). Does not include bucharensis, see Horácek et al. (2000) and Tsytsulina and Strelkov (2001).; [HMW] Myotis frater G. M. Allen, 1923 , “Yenping, Fukien Province, China .” Subgenus Myotis ; daubentonii species group. See M. daubentonii and M. longicaudatus . Myotis frater has only been confirmed from Taiwan and type locality in Fujian , China . All southern Chinese populations are tentatively retained under M. frater until additional research can be done. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Does not include longicaudatus , eniseensis and kaguyae ; see Ruedi et al. (2015).; [MDD2022] previously included M. longicaudatus; [IUCN] Myotis bucharensis ; used to be included as a subspecies (see Tsytsulina and Strelkov 2001). M. longicaudatus was previously listed as a synonym of M. frater . It is now treated as a distinct species following Ruedi et al. (2015). The latter also includes the former M. f. longicaudatus (Ognev 1927), M. f. kaguyae (Imaizumi 1956), and M. f. eniseensis (Tsytsulina and Strelkov 2001).; [batnames2023] Does not include longicaudatus , eniseensis and kaguyae ; see Ruedi et al. (2015).; [MDD2023] previously included M. longicaudatus; [MDD2025_2.0] previously included M. longicaudatus; [batnames2025_1.7] Does not include longicaudatus, eniseensis and kaguyae; see Ruedi et al. (2015).; [MDD2025_2.2] previously included M. longicaudatus				longicaudatus		bucharensis, kaguyae, longicaudatus.	bucharensis, longicaudatus, kaguyae, frater	frater, eniseensis, kaguyae, longicaudatus						frater	Myotis bucharensis ; used to be included as a subspecies (see Tsytsulina and Strelkov 2001). M. longicaudatus was previously listed as a synonym of M. frater . It is now treated as a distinct species following Ruedi et al. (2015). The latter also includes the former M. f. longicaudatus (Ognev 1927), M. f. kaguyae (Imaizumi 1956), and M. f. eniseensis (Tsytsulina and Strelkov 2001).			frater	frater			frater G. M. Allen, 1923		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		Turkestan – E Siberia, SE China, Japan	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Myotis frater	China, Fukien, Yenping.	G. M. Allen	1923	Am. Mus. Novit., 85:6.	Distribution: Ranging from Tadzhikistan east to Japan and southern China.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5		Turkestan – E Siberia, SE China, Japan	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	G. M. Allen	1923	Am. Mus. Novit., 85:6.	Subgenus Selysius. Includes longicaudatus; see Corbet (1978c:49); but also see Wang Sung(1959).	Afghanistan, Uzbekistan and S Siberia to Korea, Heilungkiang (China), SE China, and republics of the SE former USSR; Japan.	China, Fukien, Yenping.		G. M. ALLEN	1923	Size small to medium (forearm length, 36-41 mm; condylobasal length, 12-15 mm). Keel on calcar well developed. Tail and tibia relatively long. Braincase high and markedly inflated. Rostrum relatively short and broad; interorbital foramen near orbit. Middle upper premolar more or less displaced medially from the toothrow.	Distribution: Ranging from Tadzhikistan east to Japan and southern China.	Four subspecies are currently recognized:	M. f. bucharensis (Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan, Afghanistan), M.f. longicaudatus (Altai mountains to southeastern Siberia and Korea), M.f. kaguyae (Japan), M.f. frater (southern China).	103	species	M. frater	G. M. ALLEN	1923	Selysius	subgenus	Myotis frater				Size small to medium (forearm length, 36-41 mm; condylobasal length, 12-15 mm). Keel on calcar well developed. Tail and tibia relatively long. Braincase high and markedly inflated. Rostrum relatively short and broad; interorbital foramen near orbit. Middle upper premolar more or less displaced medially from the toothrow.	Four subspecies are currently recognized:		24. M. frater G. M. ALLEN 1923 [frater group].	24	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Myotinae		Myotis frater	Myotis		frater	G. M. Allen		1923		Am. Mus. Novit.	85		6		Fraternal Myotis	China, SE China, Fukien (= Fujian), Yenping.	E Siberia, Ussuri Region, Krasnoyarsk Region (Russia) to Korea, Heilungkiang (China), SE China; Japan.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt).	eniseensis Tsytsulina and Strelkov, 2001; kaguyae Imaizumi, 1956; longicaudatus Ognev, 1927.	Includes longicaudatus, see Corbet (1978c) and Tsytsulina and Strelkov (2001). Does not include bucharensis, see Horácek et al. (2000) and Tsytsulina and Strelkov (2001).	4C3D87E8FF2D6A93FA499FDB1B20B80E	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	976	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FF2D6A93FA499FDB1B20B80E.xml	Myotis frater	Vespertilionidae	Myotis	frater	G. M. Allen	1923	Murin fréere @fr | Korea-Wasserfledermaus @de | Ratonero fraile @es | Long-tailed Whiskered Bat @en	Myotis frater G. M. Allen, 1923 , “Yenping, Fukien Province, China .” Subgenus Myotis ; daubentonii species group. See M. daubentonii and M. longicaudatus . Myotis frater has only been confirmed from Taiwan and type locality in Fujian , China . All southern Chinese populations are tentatively retained under M. frater until additional research can be done. Monotypic.	SC & SE China ( Sichuan , Anhui , Jiangxi , Fujian , and Guangdong ) and Taiwan .	Head-body 37:8-42- 9 mm ,tail 43-6-54- 2 mm , ear 8-5-14- 2 mm , hindfoot 6-4-9- 9 mm , forearm 38-2—41- 7 mm . Dorsal pelage of the Fraternal Myotis is dark brown and non-glossy; venteris a lighter creamy brown (hairs with dark brown bases dorsally and ventrally). Ears are short and angular, with sharply backward bend at 45° angle near top of anterior margins and distinct notch at middle of posterior margins; there is a fringe of long hairs that form comb-like structure on front edges of inner ears, and outer surfaces of ears are naked; tragus is relatively long at more than one-half the ear length and nearly straight (bending forward) and lacks basal lobe. Wing attaches to distal end of metatarsus of outer toe; calcar is long, narrow, and unkeeled. Skull is angular, with short rostrum and abruptly raised forehead region; C' is strong and deeply grooved along its labial edge; incisors are short but robust; and P? is small and displaced labially to a variable extent.	Forested habitats at low and high elevations (c. 1000 m in Fujian , China ).	No information.	Lactating Fraternal Myotis have been observed in June-August and males with enlarged testes in August.	The Fraternal Myotis roosts in tree hollows or holes in live bamboo stems. Calls are steep FM sweeps, with average start frequency of 110-8 kHz, end frequency of 50-2 kHz, peak frequency of 60 kHz, duration of 3-5 milliseconds, and interpulse interval of 37-4 milliseconds.	No information.	Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. The Fraternal Myotis is relatively widespread, but very little is known aboutits ecology and threats.	Ruedi et al. (2015) | Tsytsulina (2008h) | Tsytsulina & Strelkov (2001) | Zhang Shuyi et al. (2000)	https://zenodo.org/record/6398989/files/figure.png	484. Fraternal Myotis Myotis frater French: Murin fréere / German: Korea-Wasserfledermaus / Spanish: Ratonero fraile Other common names: Long-tailed Whiskered Bat Taxonomy. Myotis frater G. M. Allen, 1923 , “Yenping, Fukien Province, China .” Subgenus Myotis ; daubentonii species group. See M. daubentonii and M. longicaudatus . Myotis frater has only been confirmed from Taiwan and type locality in Fujian , China . All southern Chinese populations are tentatively retained under M. frater until additional research can be done. Monotypic. Distribution. SC & SE China ( Sichuan , Anhui , Jiangxi , Fujian , and Guangdong ) and Taiwan . Descriptive notes. Head-body 37:8-42- 9 mm ,tail 43-6-54- 2 mm , ear 8-5-14- 2 mm , hindfoot 6-4-9- 9 mm , forearm 38-2—41- 7 mm . Dorsal pelage of the Fraternal Myotis is dark brown and non-glossy; venteris a lighter creamy brown (hairs with dark brown bases dorsally and ventrally). Ears are short and angular, with sharply backward bend at 45° angle near top of anterior margins and distinct notch at middle of posterior margins; there is a fringe of long hairs that form comb-like structure on front edges of inner ears, and outer surfaces of ears are naked; tragus is relatively long at more than one-half the ear length and nearly straight (bending forward) and lacks basal lobe. Wing attaches to distal end of metatarsus of outer toe; calcar is long, narrow, and unkeeled. Skull is angular, with short rostrum and abruptly raised forehead region; C' is strong and deeply grooved along its labial edge; incisors are short but robust; and P? is small and displaced labially to a variable extent. Habitat. Forested habitats at low and high elevations (c. 1000 m in Fujian , China ). Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. Lactating Fraternal Myotis have been observed in June-August and males with enlarged testes in August. Activity patterns. The Fraternal Myotis roosts in tree hollows or holes in live bamboo stems. Calls are steep FM sweeps, with average start frequency of 110-8 kHz, end frequency of 50-2 kHz, peak frequency of 60 kHz, duration of 3-5 milliseconds, and interpulse interval of 37-4 milliseconds. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. The Fraternal Myotis is relatively widespread, but very little is known aboutits ecology and threats. Bibliography. Ruedi et al. (2015), Tsytsulina (2008h), Tsytsulina & Strelkov (2001). Zhang Shuyi et al. (2000).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Myotis frater	Myotis	Unassigned-Myotis	frater	G. M. Allen	1923	0	Am. Mus. Novit.	######	Fraternal Myotis	None.	China, SE China, Fukien (= Fujian), Yenping.	SE China; Taiwan.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Does not include longicaudatus , eniseensis and kaguyae ; see Ruedi et al. (2015).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Myotis frater	23	Fraternal Myotis	Long-tailed Whiskered Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	MYOTINAE	NA	Myotis	Myotis	frater	G. M. Allen	1923	0	Myotis_frater	Allen, G. M. (1923). New Chinese bats. American Museum Novitates, 85, 6.	http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/4661//v2/dspace/ingest/pdfSource/nov/N0085.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y	AMNH 48039		"Yenping, Fukien Province, China."			frater G. M. Allen, 1923	previously included M. longicaudatus	Ruedi, M., Csorba, G., Lin, L. K., & Chou, C. H. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of Myotis bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Taiwan and adjacent China. Zootaxa, 3920(1), 301-342.	China|Taiwan	Asia	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Myotis_frater	0	sciname match	Myotis_frater	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	90000000	Myotis frater	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Myotis	frater	G.M. Allen, 1923	Myotis bucharensis ; used to be included as a subspecies (see Tsytsulina and Strelkov 2001). M. longicaudatus was previously listed as a synonym of M. frater . It is now treated as a distinct species following Ruedi et al. (2015). The latter also includes the former M. f. longicaudatus (Ognev 1927), M. f. kaguyae (Imaizumi 1956), and M. f. eniseensis (Tsytsulina and Strelkov 2001).	20000000	Myotis frater	Least Concern		2021	2021-03-09 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Myotis frater is assessed as Least Concern as it is relatively widespread and no significant signs of demographic decline or range reduction have been reported so far. If further information becomes available that formally support a return to VU status in China, a reassessment will be necessary and a VU or NT may be warranted.	The species occurs in forested habitats and roosts in tree cavities (Wilson and Mittermeier 2019). The type series was collected from holes in bamboo stems in Fujian, China, at an elevation of 760 m (Smith and Xie 2008). M. frater has also been found to roost in natural caves and tunnels (Bu et al. 2015). In Taiwan, however, this species inhabits mountainous areas up to over 1,000 m altitude and has been recorded roosting in tree holes in primary, secondary and bamboo forests (Cheng et al. 2017b, Chang 2015), in bat boxes (Chen 2009), in tunnels, but not in caves (Ruedi et al. 2015). Current data suggest that its diet on this island would be mainly composed of lepidopteran (Lu 2013). Overall, very little is known about the ecology of this species and the threats that it might face.	Currently, there are no major threats to the species. Road kills were reported in Taiwan (https://roadkill.tw/en), but it is unclear how much they may impact the species’ survival. M. frater may also be sensitive to climate change based on Wu (2016), yet this study was probably based on the old taxonomical classification which did not differentiate M. frater from M. longicaudatus . Hence, these results need to be confirmed.	The species had initially been classified as Vulnerable (VU A1acd) in China (incl. Taiwan in the Chinese assessment), yet it was recently reassessed as DD (Jiang et al. 2016). In Taiwan, the population is considered stable (Cheng et al. 2017a). Overall, there is insufficient demographic data about this species to produce a global population estimate or understand trends. Further assessments are needed to get a more reliable picture.	Stable	Myotis frater has been recorded in Fujian, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Anhui, Guangdong, and Guizhou provinces in mainland China (Zhang et al. 2000, Smith and Xie 2008, Bu et al. 2015, Lin et al. 2018, Wilson and Mittermeier 2019) and widely distributed across Taiwanese forests from low to moderate elevations (Chang 2015, Ruedi et al. 2015). Five individuals identified as belonging to the M. frater group were also captured in Uttarakhand in the Western Himalayas (India) but their taxonomy remains unsettled (Chakravarty et al. 2020).	The species is not known to be hunted, used, or traded.	Terrestrial	The species is not known from any protected areas and there are no species-specific conservation initiatives. Little is known about this species. Monitoring and research concerning its ecological requirements is needed. M. frater is currently listed as Least Concern in Taiwan and is not protected (Cheng et al. 2017a). In China, it is listed as Data Deficient (Jiang et al. 2016).	Indomalayan|Palearctic		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Myotis	Unassigned - Myotis	frater	G. M. Allen	1923	0	Am. Mus. Novit.	85:06:00	Fraternal Myotis	None.	China, SE China, Fukien (= Fujian), Yenping.	SE China; Taiwan.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Does not include longicaudatus , eniseensis and kaguyae ; see Ruedi et al. (2015).	Myotis frater	1005410	23	Fraternal Myotis	Long-tailed Whiskered Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	MYOTINAE	NA	Myotis	Myotis	frater	G. M. Allen	1923	0	Myotis_frater	Allen, G. M. (1923). New Chinese bats. American Museum Novitates, 85, 6.	http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/4661//v2/dspace/ingest/pdfSource/nov/N0085.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y	AMNH 48039		"Yenping, Fukien Province, China."			frater G. M. Allen, 1923	previously included M. longicaudatus	Ruedi, M., Csorba, G., Lin, L. K., & Chou, C. H. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of Myotis bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Taiwan and adjacent China. Zootaxa, 3920(1), 301-342.				China|Taiwan	Asia	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Myotis_frater	0	sciname match	Myotis_frater	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Myotis_frater	1005410	23	Fraternal Myotis	Long-tailed Whiskered Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Myotinae	NA	Myotis	Myotis	frater	G. M. Allen	0	Myotis frater	Allen, G.M. 1923-08-28. New Chinese bats. American Museum Novitates 85:1-8.	https://hdl.handle.net/2246/4661	AMNH M-48039	holotype	http://portal.vertnet.org/o/amnh/mammals?id=urn-catalog-amnh-mammals-m-48039	"Yenping, Fukien Province, China."			previously included M. longicaudatus	Ruedi, M., Csorba, G., Lin, L. K., & Chou, C. H. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of Myotis bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Taiwan and adjacent China. Zootaxa, 3920(1), 301-342.				China|Taiwan	Asia	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Myotis_frater	0	sciname match	Myotis_frater	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Myotis	Myotis	frater	G. M. Allen	1923	0	Am. Mus. Novit.	85:06:00	Fraternal Myotis	None.	China, SE China, Fukien (= Fujian), Yenping.	SE China; Taiwan.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/85566806/22056940/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Does not include longicaudatus, eniseensis and kaguyae; see Ruedi et al. (2015).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Myotis frater; Myotis frater; Myotis frater; Myotis frater; Myotis frater; Myotis frater; frater; eniseensis; kaguyae; longicaudatus; frater; Murin fréere; Korea-Wasserfledermaus; Ratonero fraile; Long-tailed Whiskered Bat; Fraternal Myotis; Long-tailed Whiskered Bat; Fraternal Myotis; Fraternal Myotis; M. frater