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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L871	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Myotis formosus	Myotis formosus	Myotis formosus	Myotis formosus	Myotis formosus	Myotis formosus	Myotis formosus	Myotis formosus	Myotis formosus	Myotis formosus	Myotis formosus	Myotis formosus	Myotis formosus	Myotis formosus	Myotis formosus		[MSW2] Subgenus Myotis.; [MSW3] For discussion of synonyms see Findley (1972). Does not include hermani; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed in part by Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoon (1990), and Bates and Harrison (1997). M. f. rufopictus may represent a distinct species; see Heaney et al. (1998).; [HMW] Vespertilio formosa [sic] Hodgson, 1835 , “Nipal [= Nepal ].” Subgenus Chrysopteron. See M. tricolor . Myotis formosus was previously considered to include as races or synonyms M. hermani , M. bartelsii , M. weberi , M. rufopictus , and M. rufoniger, all now split based on morphology and genetics. Race flavus has been considered a separate species; the form watasei, likewise from Taiwan , was also included in M. formosus but is now considered a synonym of M. rufoniger;, the precise ranges of M. formosus and M. rufoniger in south-east China require clarification. Two subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022] Reviewed by Csorba et al. (2014). For discussion of synonyms see Findley (1972). Does not include hermani ; see Corbet and Hill (1992); does not include rufoniger , rufopictus , tsuensis , chofukusei , or watasei ; see Csorba et al. (2014). Does not include bartelsi but does include flavus , which is a distinct valid subspecies; see Csorba et al. (2014), but see Jiang et al. (2010). Reviewed in part by Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoon (1990), and Bates and Harrison (1997).; [MDD2022] previously included M. bartelsii, M. rufoniger, M. rufopictus, and M. weberi; includes flavus, which has been recognized as a distinct species in the past; [IUCN] <span lang="EN-US">The species belongs to the Chrysopteron subgenus of Myotis , with many former subspecies and synonyms. For revision of the group see Csorba et al . (2014).; [batnames2023] Reviewed by Csorba et al. (2014). For discussion of synonyms see Findley (1972). Does not include hermani ; see Corbet and Hill (1992); does not include rufoniger , rufopictus , tsuensis , chofukusei , or watasei ; see Csorba et al. (2014). Does not include bartelsi but does include flavus , which is a distinct valid subspecies; see Csorba et al. (2014), but see Jiang et al. (2010). Reviewed in part by Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoon (1990), and Bates and Harrison (1997).; [MDD2023] previously included M. bartelsii, M. rufoniger, M. rufopictus, and M. weberi; includes flavus, which has been recognized as a distinct species in the past; [MDD2025_2.0] previously included M. bartelsii, M. rufoniger, M. rufopictus, and M. weberi; includes flavus, which has been recognized as a distinct species in the past; [batnames2025_1.7] Reviewed by Csorba et al. (2014). For discussion of synonyms see Findley (1972). Does not include hermani; see Corbet and Hill (1992); does not include rufoniger, rufopictus, tsuensis, chofukusei, or watasei; see Csorba et al. (2014). Does not include bartelsi but does include flavus, which is a distinct valid subspecies; see Csorba et al. (2014), but see Jiang et al. (2010). Reviewed in part by Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoon (1990), and Bates and Harrison (1997).; [MDD2025_2.2] previously included M. bartelsii, M. rufoniger, M. rufopictus, and M. weberi; includes flavus, which has been recognized as a distinct species in the past				bartelsi, flavus, hertnani, rufopictus, weberi	(rufopictus) (weberi) (bartelsii)	andersoni, auratus, bartelsi, chofukusei, flavus, hermani, pallida, rufoniger, rufopictus, tsuensis, watasei, weberi (see Findley, 1972:42).	formosus, rufoniger, tsuensis, watasei, hermani, bartelsi, rufopictus, weberi	formosus, bartelsi, rufoniger, rufopictus, tsuensis, watasei, weberi	andersoni, auratus, dobsoni, pallida; tsuensis - chofukusei; watasei - flavus	formosus, flavus		formosus, flavus	formosus - andersoni, auratus, dobsoni; flavus - pallida	formosus, pallida, auratus, dobsoni, andersoni, flavus	<span lang="EN-US">The species belongs to the Chrysopteron subgenus of Myotis , with many former subspecies and synonyms. For revision of the group see Csorba et al . (2014).	formosus, flavus	formosus - andersoni, auratus, dobsoni; flavus - pallida	formosus, pallida, auratus, dobsoni, andersoni, flavus 	formosus, pallidus, auratus, dobsoni, andersoni, flavus	flavus, formosus	flavus - pallida; formosus - andersoni, auratus, dobsoni, flavus	formosus (B. H. Hodgson, 1835)|pallidus (E. Blyth, 1863)|auratus (Dobson, 1871)|dobsoni (J. Anderson, 1881) [preoccupied]|andersoni (Trouessart, 1897) [nomen novum]|flavus Shamel, 1944		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Hodgson's bat	E Afghanistan – Korea, S China, Taiwan	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Myotis formosus	Nepal.	Hodgson	1835	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 4:700.	Distribu- tion: Known from Afghanistan, northern India, southern China, Korea, Sumatra, Java, Philippines, and Celebes.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Hodgson's bat (Orange-winged bat)	E Afghanistan – Korea, Taiwan, Philippines, Sulawesi, Java, Bali; (K)	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Hodgson	1835	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 4:700.	Subgenus Myotis.	Afghanistan to Kweichow, Kwangsi, Kiangsu and Fukien (China); Taiwan; Korea; Tsushima Isl (Japan); Philippines; Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and Bali.	Nepal.		HODGSON	1835	Size medium (forearm length, 45-53 mm) Middle upper premolar may not be displaced medially from the toothrow.	Distribution: Known from Afghanistan, northern India, southern China, Korea, Sumatra, Java, Philippines, and Celebes.	Eight subspecies are here recognized:	M.f. formosus (Afghanistan and northern India), M.f. rufoniger (southern China), M.f. tsuensis (Korea and Tsushima islands), M. f. watasei (Taiwan), M.f. hermani (Sumatra), M.f. bartelsi (Java, Bali), M.f. rufopictus (Philippines), M.f. weberi (Celebes).	101	species	M. formosus	HODGSON	1835	Myotis	subgenus	Myotis formosus				Size medium (forearm length, 45-53 mm) Middle upper premolar may not be displaced medially from the toothrow.	Eight subspecies are here recognized:		7. M. formosus (HODGSON 1835) [formosus group].	7	_M. f. flavus_ Shamel, 1944; _M. f. formosus_ (Hodgson, 1835) (synonyms: _andersoni_ (Trouessart, 1897), _auratus_ (Dobson, 1871), _dobsoni_ (Anderson, 1881), _pallidus_ (Blyth, 1863))			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Myotinae		Myotis formosus	Myotis		formosus	Hodgson	y	1835		J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal	4		700		Hodgson's Myotis	Nepal.	Afghanistan to N India, Nepal, Tibet, Kweichow, Kwangsi, Kiangsu and Fukien (China); Taiwan, Korea, Tsushima Isl (Japan), Malaysia, Philippines, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and Bali.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc). IUCN 2003 – Not evaluated as M. f. bartelsi.	andersoni Trouessart, 1897; auratus Dobson, 1871; dobsoni Anderson, 1881 [not Trouessart, 1878]; pallida Blyth, 1863; bartelsi Jentink, 1910; rufoniger Tomes, 1858; rufopictus Waterhouse, 1845; tsuensis Kuroda, 1922; chofukusei Mori, 1928; watasei Kishida, 1924; flavus Shamel, 1944; weberi Jentink, 1890.	For discussion of synonyms see Findley (1972). Does not include hermani; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed in part by Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoon (1990), and Bates and Harrison (1997). M. f. rufopictus may represent a distinct species; see Heaney et al. (1998).	4C3D87E8FF476AF8FF5390CF1664B9DC	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	950	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FF476AF8FF5390CF1664B9DC.xml	Myotis formosus	Vespertilionidae	Myotis	formosus		1835	Murin de Hodgson @fr | Hodgson-Mausohr @de | Ratonero de Hodgson @es | Hodgson's Bat @en | Hodgson’s Myotis @en	Vespertilio formosa [sic] Hodgson, 1835 , “Nipal [= Nepal ].” Subgenus Chrysopteron. See M. tricolor . Myotis formosus was previously considered to include as races or synonyms M. hermani , M. bartelsii , M. weberi , M. rufopictus , and M. rufoniger, all now split based on morphology and genetics. Race flavus has been considered a separate species; the form watasei, likewise from Taiwan , was also included in M. formosus but is now considered a synonym of M. rufoniger;, the precise ranges of M. formosus and M. rufoniger in south-east China require clarification. Two subspecies recognized.	M.f.formosusHodgson,1835—NEAfghanistan,NPakistan,N&CIndia(includingSikkim),Nepal,Bhutan,NBangladesh,SW&SEChina(confirmedfromXizangandJiangxi),andNVietnam. M. f. flavus Shamel, 1944 — Taiwan .	Head—-body 50-56- 6 mm ,tail 36-57- 8 mm , ear 12-8-20- 9 mm , hindfoot 10-2-13- 2 mm , forearm 44- 5-53 mm ; weight 13- 4 g . Dorsal pelage is light yellowish brown or ginger brown (hairs with mid-brown base, then pale yellow to tip, with mid-brown tip to some hairs) blending into ventral pelage, which is paler yellowish (hairs either with dark base and pale yellow to the tip or completely pale yellow). Ears are faintly edged black; thumbs and feet brown. Uropatagium is orange, wings orange along bones, with black in gaps between fingers; black portion of wing may be dotted or streaked with orange; wings attach at base offirst toe. Baculum is bluntly pointed to bifurcated at tip, and slightly to very bifurcated basally; in lateral view, it is saddleshaped, rising higher at base; ventral surface is deeply concave, while dorsal surface is convex with two concavities along either side. Skull has distinctly elevated frontal region; braincase is globose; sagittal crest is absent or very weakly developed; lambdoidal crests weakly developed. C' is moderately robust; P° is at most half the basal area of P* and completely or mostly displaced from tooth row (occasionally missing); P,is about half the basal area of P, and usually within tooth row. Dental formula is the usual of 38 teeth for the genus or only 36 teeth when P° is missing.	[Lowland and montane primary and secondary forests; exclusively lowland in Taiwan . Recorded at elevations from sea level up to 3000 m .	No information.	Breeding colonies are known from March to July.	Reported roosting in caves, tree foliage, and houses. When roosting, it tends to be fully exposed to light, and relies on camouflage to avoid predation. It hibernates through winter, at least in Taiwan , although localities unknown. Calls are a steep FM sweep with average peak frequency of 43-9 kHz (41-46-2 kHz) reported in Jiangxi , China .	During breeding (March—July), the species occupies large breeding colonies of up to several hundred individuals.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Due to recent separation of several species previously included herein, range is now more restricted and reassessment ofstatus is needed; rare in Afghanistan , Pakistan , and Taiwan . No known threats.	Bates & Harrison (1997) | Benda & Gaisler (2015) | Cheng Hsichi et al. (2017) | Csorba, Chou Cheng-Han et al. (2014) | Das (2003) | Findley (1972) | Francis, Bates, Csorba et al. (2008) | Jiang Tinglei, Sun Keping et al. (2010) | Khan (2001) | Lin Liangkong et al. (2004) | Mahmood-ul-Hassan & Salim (2015) | Patterson etal. (2019) | Ruedi et al. (2015) | Sinha (1986) | Smith & Xie Yan (2008)	https://zenodo.org/record/6398827/files/figure.png	424. Black-and-orange Myotis Myotis formosus French: Murin de Hodgson / German: Hodgson-Mausohr / Spanish: Ratonero de Hodgson Other common names: Hodgson's Bat , Hodgson’s Myotis Taxonomy. Vespertilio formosa [sic] Hodgson, 1835 , “Nipal [= Nepal ].” Subgenus Chrysopteron. See M. tricolor . Myotis formosus was previously considered to include as races or synonyms M. hermani , M. bartelsii , M. weberi , M. rufopictus , and M. rufoniger, all now split based on morphology and genetics. Race flavus has been considered a separate species; the form watasei, likewise from Taiwan , was also included in M. formosus but is now considered a synonym of M. rufoniger;, the precise ranges of M. formosus and M. rufoniger in south-east China require clarification. Two subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. M.f.formosusHodgson,1835—NEAfghanistan,NPakistan,N&CIndia(includingSikkim),Nepal,Bhutan,NBangladesh,SW&SEChina(confirmedfromXizangandJiangxi),andNVietnam. M. f. flavus Shamel, 1944 — Taiwan . Descriptive notes. Head—-body 50-56- 6 mm ,tail 36-57- 8 mm , ear 12-8-20- 9 mm , hindfoot 10-2-13- 2 mm , forearm 44- 5-53 mm ; weight 13- 4 g . Dorsal pelage is light yellowish brown or ginger brown (hairs with mid-brown base, then pale yellow to tip, with mid-brown tip to some hairs) blending into ventral pelage, which is paler yellowish (hairs either with dark base and pale yellow to the tip or completely pale yellow). Ears are faintly edged black; thumbs and feet brown. Uropatagium is orange, wings orange along bones, with black in gaps between fingers; black portion of wing may be dotted or streaked with orange; wings attach at base offirst toe. Baculum is bluntly pointed to bifurcated at tip, and slightly to very bifurcated basally; in lateral view, it is saddleshaped, rising higher at base; ventral surface is deeply concave, while dorsal surface is convex with two concavities along either side. Skull has distinctly elevated frontal region; braincase is globose; sagittal crest is absent or very weakly developed; lambdoidal crests weakly developed. C' is moderately robust; P° is at most half the basal area of P* and completely or mostly displaced from tooth row (occasionally missing); P,is about half the basal area of P, and usually within tooth row. Dental formula is the usual of 38 teeth for the genus or only 36 teeth when P° is missing. Habitat. [Lowland and montane primary and secondary forests; exclusively lowland in Taiwan . Recorded at elevations from sea level up to 3000 m . Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. Breeding colonies are known from March to July. Activity patterns. Reported roosting in caves, tree foliage, and houses. When roosting, it tends to be fully exposed to light, and relies on camouflage to avoid predation. It hibernates through winter, at least in Taiwan , although localities unknown. Calls are a steep FM sweep with average peak frequency of 43-9 kHz (41-46-2 kHz) reported in Jiangxi , China . Movements, Home range and Social organization. During breeding (March—July), the species occupies large breeding colonies of up to several hundred individuals. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Due to recent separation of several species previously included herein, range is now more restricted and reassessment ofstatus is needed; rare in Afghanistan , Pakistan , and Taiwan . No known threats. Bibliography. Bates & Harrison (1997), Benda & Gaisler (2015), Cheng Hsichi et al. (2017), Csorba, Chou Cheng-Han et al. (2014), Das (2003), Findley (1972), Francis, Bates, Csorba et al. (2008), Jiang Tinglei, Sun Keping et al. (2010), Khan (2001), Lin Liangkong et al. (2004), Mahmood-ul-Hassan & Salim (2015), Patterson etal. (2019), Ruedi et al. (2015), Sinha (1986), Smith & Xie Yan (2008).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Myotis formosus	Myotis	Chrysopteron	formosus	Hodgson	1835	1	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal	0.6528	Hodgson's Myotis	 andersoni Trouessart, 1897; auratus Dobson, 1871; dobsoni Anderson, 1881 [not Trouessart, 1878]; <b> flavus </b> Shamel, 1944; pallida Blyth, 1863.	Nepal.	Afghanistan to N India, Nepal, Tibet, Kweichow, Kwangsi, Kiangsu and Fukien (China); Taiwan, Korea, Tsushima Isl (Japan), Malaysia, Philippines, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and Bali.	Not listed.	Near Threatened	Reviewed by Csorba et al. (2014). For discussion of synonyms see Findley (1972). Does not include hermani ; see Corbet and Hill (1992); does not include rufoniger , rufopictus , tsuensis , chofukusei , or watasei ; see Csorba et al. (2014). Does not include bartelsi but does include flavus , which is a distinct valid subspecies; see Csorba et al. (2014), but see Jiang et al. (2010). Reviewed in part by Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoon (1990), and Bates and Harrison (1997).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Myotis formosus	23	Black-and-orange Myotis	Hodgson's Bat|Hodgson's Myotis	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	MYOTINAE	NA	Myotis	Chrysopteron	formosus	Hodgson	1835	1	Vespertilio_formosa	Hodgson, B. H. (1835). Synopsis of the Vespertilionidae of Nepal. The journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 4, 700.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114405#page/840/mode/1up	BM 1843.1.12.141		"Nipal [= Nepal]."			formosus (Hodgson, 1835)|pallida (Blyth, 1863)|auratus (Dobson, 1871)|dobsoni (J. Anderson, 1881)|andersoni (Trouessart, 1897)|flavus Shamel, 1944	previously included M. bartelsii, M. rufoniger, M. rufopictus, and M. weberi; includes flavus, which has been recognized as a distinct species in the past	Jiang, T., Sun, K., Chou, C., Zhang, Z., & Feng, J. (2010). First record of Myotis flavus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from mainland China and a reassessment of its taxonomic status. Zootaxa, 2414(1), 41-51.|Csorba, G., Chou, C. H., Ruedi, M., Görföl, T., Motokawa, M., Wiantoro, S., ... & Furey, N. (2014). The reds and the yellows: a review of Asian Chrysopteron Jentink, 1910 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Myotis). Journal of Mammalogy, 95(4), 663-678.	Afghanistan|Pakistan|India|Nepal|Bhutan|Bangladesh|China|Vietnam|Taiwan	Asia	Indomalaya|Palearctic|Oceania	NT	0	0	0	Myotis_formosus	0	sciname match	Myotis_formosus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	90000000	Myotis formosus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Myotis	formosus	(Hodgson, 1835)	<span lang="EN-US">The species belongs to the Chrysopteron subgenus of Myotis , with many former subspecies and synonyms. For revision of the group see Csorba et al . (2014).	100000000	Myotis formosus	Near Threatened	A2b	2020	2016-08-21 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This bat is listed as Near Threatened (nearly meets criterion A2b) based on an estimated past population size reduction of 25-30% over the past 17.4 years (three generations; generation length = 5.8 years, Pacifici et al. 2013) across its range. In Taiwan, the species has undergone continuous declines of &gt;90% in several of the largest known colonies and estimated losses of &gt;70% of known individuals in the last 30 years and similar patterns are suspected throughout its range.	Habitat use, roost ecology and natural history for the species at global scale are poorly known. In Taiwan, the species has been known to roost in foliage of 35 plant species, mainly broad-leaved trees (e.g. Terminalia catapapa , Dimocarpus longan , Hibiscus tiliaceus and Swietenia mahagoni ) and in buildings during breeding seasons (Chang 2007). Records are from small secondary forest fragments and settlements in rice paddy-dominated landscape in the lowland during breeding season. It has been recorded using nature caves and abandoned tunnels in mountain area with elevations over 1800 m as hibernacula in India (Chakravarty et al. pers. comm.) and in Taiwan (Heng-Chia Chang, pers. obs). In Pakistan, few individuals were captured in a mountainous landscape dominated by agriculture lands, forest patches and grassland in warm temperate zone (Mahmood-ul-Hassan and Salim 2015). In Taiwan, a well-studied maternity colony began to form in late March, and number peaked in May when pregnant females gave birth with one offspring during May to June. The bats left the maternity roost sites between mid-August and early October for hibernation sites (Shen and Lee 2000). The species is reported mainly feeding on small flying insects, including coleopterans, lepidopterans, dipterans, hemipterans (Yang 1996) and foraging in rice paddy (Ying-Yi Ho, unpubl. data) and riparian grassland (Joe Chun-Chia Huang, pers. obs.) in the lowland.	Not much is known about the global threats of the species due to its general rarity. In Taiwan, the causes responsible for the wide and dramatic decline of this species are also unclear. However, several potential threats have been proposed. The continuous loss of arable land and uses of pesticide may have threatened the species by loss of food source. Several types of pesticide residue were detected from the faeces of this species (Heng-Chia Chang and Chia-Jung Tsai 2013). Since the species is at least partly cave-dwelling during winter hibernation, hence the disturbance of hibernacula and climate changes can be threats. Two roadkill incidences of the species reported from Taiwan (<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://roadkill.tw/">https://roadkill.tw/</a>) indicate it is potentially risked by the expansion of road systems and increasing vehicle volume within its distribution range. A dead bat found near wind farm in coastal area in western Taiwan suggests the development of wind energy farms may threaten this species. Domestic cats might be another threat as a cat-killed incidence is found in Taiwan (Heng-Chia Chang, pers. obs). Observations in the field show the presence of artificial light could suppress its emerging from the roost (Yang 1996). It also tends to avoid artificial light during foraging in the night (Joe Chun-Chia Huang and Ying-Yi Ho, pers. obs.) suggesting light pollution may cause degradation of habitats quality, disturbances to the roost and interference to the migration movement. As it roosts among foliage, logging also threaten its populations. This species has conspicuous colouration, hence it may be used as ornament.	It is a generally rare although widely distributed species from northern South Asia to southeastern China and Taiwan (Csorba et al. 2014). It usually roosts as a few to tens animals, although under specific circumstances it can be relatively numerous, with up to over a thousand individuals in a single house roost (Heng-Chia Chang, pers. com.). In Taiwan, continuous and dramatic declines have been observed at all its largest known colonies. The three colonies containing &gt;100 individuals all experienced a colony size decrease, from ~120-250 to 20 or less. (Heng-Chia Chang and Ying-Yi Ho, unpub. data). Similar trends of decline were also widely found in ~70% of other smaller colonies (Heng-Chia Chang unpub. data).	Decreasing	The species has a rather wide distribution from Afghanistan to Taiwan. Bates and Harrison (1997) and Mandal et al. (2000) report the species from Afghanistan, India (Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Meghalaya and Karnataka). It occurs also in Nepal (Mahalaxmi and Dhaulagiri), Pakistan, China (Tibet and Jianxi) and Taiwan. The species has one record from northern Vietnam (Csorba et al. 2014, Mahmood-ul-Hassan and Salim 2015). Earlier records of the species from the Laos, Philippines, Indonesia, North and South Korea, Tsushima Island (Japan) as well as China’s provinces of Fujian, Jilin, Shanghai and Sichuan are referable to other species (Csorba et al. 2014).	This species has a colourful pelage and may be used as an ornament.	Terrestrial	The species is listed as vulnerable in Taiwan (Cheng et al. 2017). There is no direct conservation assessment in the other countries within its distribution. In Taiwan, all known hibernacula are found in protected forest areas. The protection of roosts and foraging habitats is important for this species. Since the population in Taiwan is migratory, the connectivity between its breeding habitats and winter hibernacula sites therefore is critical for this species as well. Studies on migratory movement and influences of pesticides to its survival are necessary. Further monitoring to understand the intensity of the incidences by wind turbines, vehicle collision and cat kill is also recommended.	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Myotis	Chrysopteron	formosus	Hodgson	1835	1	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal	0.652778	Hodgson's Myotis	 andersoni Trouessart, 1897; auratus Dobson, 1871; dobsoni Anderson, 1881 [not Trouessart, 1878]; <b> flavus </b> Shamel, 1944; pallida Blyth, 1863.	Nepal.	Afghanistan to N India, Nepal, Tibet, Kweichow, Kwangsi, Kiangsu and Fukien (China); Taiwan, Korea, Tsushima Isl (Japan), Malaysia, Philippines, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and Bali.	Not listed.	Near Threatened	Reviewed by Csorba et al. (2014). For discussion of synonyms see Findley (1972). Does not include hermani ; see Corbet and Hill (1992); does not include rufoniger , rufopictus , tsuensis , chofukusei , or watasei ; see Csorba et al. (2014). Does not include bartelsi but does include flavus , which is a distinct valid subspecies; see Csorba et al. (2014), but see Jiang et al. (2010). Reviewed in part by Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoon (1990), and Bates and Harrison (1997).	Myotis formosus	1005408	23	Black-and-orange Myotis	Hodgson's Bat|Hodgson's Myotis	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	MYOTINAE	NA	Myotis	Chrysopteron	formosus	Hodgson	1835	1	Vespertilio_formosa	Hodgson, B. H. (1835). Synopsis of the Vespertilionidae of Nepal. The journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 4, 700.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114405#page/840/mode/1up	BM 1843.1.12.141		"Nipal [= Nepal]."			formosus (Hodgson, 1835)|pallida (Blyth, 1863)|auratus (Dobson, 1871)|dobsoni (J. Anderson, 1881)|andersoni (Trouessart, 1897)|flavus Shamel, 1944	previously included M. bartelsii, M. rufoniger, M. rufopictus, and M. weberi; includes flavus, which has been recognized as a distinct species in the past	Jiang, T., Sun, K., Chou, C., Zhang, Z., & Feng, J. (2010). First record of Myotis flavus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from mainland China and a reassessment of its taxonomic status. Zootaxa, 2414(1), 41-51.|Csorba, G., Chou, C. H., Ruedi, M., Görföl, T., Motokawa, M., Wiantoro, S., ... & Furey, N. (2014). The reds and the yellows: a review of Asian Chrysopteron Jentink, 1910 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Myotis). Journal of Mammalogy, 95(4), 663-678.				Afghanistan|Pakistan|India|Nepal|Bhutan|Bangladesh|China|Vietnam|Taiwan	Asia	Indomalaya|Palearctic|Oceania	NT	0	0	0	Myotis_formosus	0	sciname match	Myotis_formosus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Myotis_formosus	1005408	23	Black-and-orange Myotis	Hodgson's Bat|Hodgson's Myotis	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Myotinae	NA	Myotis	Chrysopteron	formosus	B. H. Hodgson	1	Vespertilio formosa	Hodgson, B.H. 1835. Synopsis of the Vespertilionidæ of Nipal. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (2)4:699-701.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37189993	BMNH:Mamm:1843.1.12.141	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/3501dacc-5e43-4d45-9a7a-588091797abc	"Nipal [= Nepal]."			previously included M. bartelsii, M. rufoniger, M. rufopictus, and M. weberi; includes flavus, which has been recognized as a distinct species in the past	Jiang, T., Sun, K., Chou, C., Zhang, Z., & Feng, J. (2010). First record of Myotis flavus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from mainland China and a reassessment of its taxonomic status. Zootaxa, 2414(1), 41-51.|Csorba, G., Chou, C. H., Ruedi, M., Görföl, T., Motokawa, M., Wiantoro, S., ... & Furey, N. (2014). The reds and the yellows: a review of Asian Chrysopteron Jentink, 1910 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Myotis). Journal of Mammalogy, 95(4), 663-678.				Afghanistan|Pakistan|India|Nepal|Bhutan|Bangladesh|China|Vietnam|Taiwan	Asia	Indomalaya|Palearctic	NT	0	0	0	Myotis_formosus	0	sciname match	Myotis_formosus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Myotis	Chrysopteron	formosus	Hodgson	1835	1	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal	0.652778	Hodgson's Myotis	andersoni Trouessart, 1897; auratus Dobson, 1871; dobsoni Anderson, 1881 [not Trouessart, 1878]; flavus Shamel, 1944; pallida Blyth, 1863.	Nepal.	Afghanistan to N India, Nepal, Tibet, Kweichow, Kwangsi, Kiangsu and Fukien (China); Taiwan, Korea, Tsushima Isl (Japan), Malaysia, Philippines, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and Bali.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/85736120/95642290/' target='_blank'>Near Threatened</a>	Reviewed by Csorba et al. (2014). For discussion of synonyms see Findley (1972). Does not include hermani; see Corbet and Hill (1992); does not include rufoniger, rufopictus, tsuensis, chofukusei, or watasei; see Csorba et al. (2014). Does not include bartelsi but does include flavus, which is a distinct valid subspecies; see Csorba et al. (2014), but see Jiang et al. (2010). Reviewed in part by Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoon (1990), and Bates and Harrison (1997).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Myotis formosus; Myotis formosus; Myotis formosus; Myotis formosus; Myotis formosus; Myotis formosus; formosus; bartelsi; rufoniger; rufopictus; tsuensis; watasei; weberi; andersoni; auratus; dobsoni; pallida; tsuensis - chofukusei; watasei - flavus; formosus; flavus; flavus; andersoni; auratus; dobsoni; flavus - pallida; formosus; pallida; auratus; dobsoni; andersoni; flavus; Murin de Hodgson; Hodgson-Mausohr; Ratonero de Hodgson; Hodgson's Bat; Hodgson’s Myotis; Black-and-orange Myotis; Hodgson's Bat; Hodgson's Myotis; Hodgson's Myotis; Hodgson's Myotis; M. formosus