http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom	http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/format	name_CH1_1980	name_MSW1_1982	name_CH3_1991	name_MSW2_1993	name_Koopman_1994	name_MSW3_2005	name_HMW_2019	name_BatNames_2022	name_MDD_2022	name_IUCN_2022	name_BatNames_2023	name_MDD_2023	name_MDD_2025_2.0	name_batnames_2025_1.7	name_MDD_2025_2.2	column151	taxonomic_notes_concatenated	column171	synonyms_CH1	subspecies__MSW2	synonyms__MSW1	synonyms_CH3	synonyms_MSW2	subspecies_Koopman94_interpreted	subspecies_MSW3_interpreted	synonym_MSW3_interpreted	subspecies_HMW_interpreted	synonym_HMW_interpreted	subspecies_batnames_interpreted	synonym_batnames_interpreted	synonym_MDD_interpreted	synonym_IUCN_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2025_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2025_interpreted	synonyms_batnames2025_interpreted	nominalNames	column391	docOrigin_CH1	commonName_CH1	distribution_CH1	docOrigin_MSW1	column451	typeLocality_MSW1	authority_MSW1	year_MSW1	citation_MSW1	distribution	comment_MSW1	docOrigin_CH3	commonName_CH3	distribution_CH3	docOrigin_MSW2	authority_MSW2	year_MSW2	citation_MSW2	comments_MSW2	distribution_MSW2	typeLocality_MSW2	docOrigin_Koopman94	authority_Koopman94	year_Koopman94	description_Koopman94	distribution_Koopman94	diversity_Koopman94	subspecies_Koopman94	page	rank	name	authority	year	parent	parent_rank	corrected_name	actual_species_count	claimed_species_count	dental_formula	description	diversity	full_subspecies_text	name_line	species_index	subspecies	synonym	text	docOrigin_MSW3	order_MSW3	family_MSW3	subfamily_MSW3	tribe_MSW3	name_MSW3	genus_MSW3	subgenus_MSW3	species_MSW3	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MSW3	(parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)_MSW3	authoritySpeciesYear_MSW3	actualDate_MSW3	citation_MSW3	volume_MSW3	issue_MSW3	pages_MSW3	type_species_MSW3	commonName_MSW3	typeLocality_MSW3	distribution_MSW3	status_MSW3	synonym_MSW3	comments_MSW3	docId_HMW	docOrigin_HMW	docISBN_HMW	docName_HMW	docMasterId_HMW	docPageNumber_HMW	derivedFrom_HMW	name_HMW	family_HMW	genus_HMW	species_HMW	authoritySpeciesAuthor_HMW	authoritySpeciesYear	commonNames_HMW	taxonomy_HMW	subspeciesAndDistribution_HMW	descriptiveNotes_HMW	habitat_HMW	foodAndFeeding_HMW	breeding_HMW	activityPatterns_HMW	movementsHomeRangeAndSocialOrganization_HMW	statusAndConservation_HMW	bibliography_HMW	distributionImageURL_HMW	verbatimText_HMW	docOrigin_batnames	family_batnames	name_batnames	genus_batnames	subgenus_batnames	species_batnames	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames	date_batnames	parentheses_batnames (1=author & date in parentheses)	citation_batnames	docPageNumber_batnames	common Name_batnames	synonyms_batnames	type_locality_batnames	Distribution_batnames	CITES_batnames	IUCN_batnames	comments_batnames	docOrigin_MDD	name_MDD	phylosort_MDD	mainCommonName_MDD	otherCommonNames_MDD	subclass_MDD	infraclass_MDD	magnorder_MDD	superorder_MDD	order_MDD	suborder_MDD	infraorder_MDD	parvorder_MDD	superfamily_MDD	family_MDD	subfamily_MDD	tribe_MDD	genus_MDD	subgenus_MDD	specificEpithet_MDD	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD	authorityParentheses_MDD	originalNameCombination_MDD	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD	holotypeVoucher_MDD	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD	typeLocality_MDD	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD	nominalNames_MDD	taxonomyNotes_MDD	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD	countryDistribution_MDD	continentDistribution_MDD	biogeographicRealm_MDD	iucnStatus_MDD	extinct_MDD	domestic_MDD	flagged_MDD	CMW_sciName_MDD	diffSinceCMW_MDD	MSW3_matchtype_MDD	MSW3_sciName_MDD	diffSinceMSW3_MDD	docOrigin_IUCN	internalTaxonId_IUCN	NAME_IUCN	kingdomName_IUCN	phylumName_IUCN	className_IUCN	orderName_IUCN	familyName_IUCN	genusName_IUCN	speciesName_IUCN	authoritySpeciesAuthorYear_IUCN	taxonomicNotes_IUCN	assessmentId_IUCN	scientificName_IUCN	redlistCategory_IUCN	redlistCriteria_IUCN	yearPublished_IUCN	assessmentDate_IUCN	criteriaVersion_IUCN	language_IUCN	rationale_IUCN	habitat_IUCN	threats_IUCN	population_IUCN	populationTrend_IUCN	range_IUCN	useTrade_IUCN	systems_IUCN	conservationActions_IUCN	realm_IUCN	yearLastSeen_IUCN	possiblyExtinct_IUCN	possiblyExtinctInTheWild_IUCN	scopes_IUCN	docOrigin_batnames2023	FAMILY_batnames2023	GENUS_batnames2023	SUBGENUS_batnames2023	SPECIES_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesYearbatnames2023	PARENTHESES_batnames2023 (1=AUTHOR & DATE IN PARENTHESES)	CITATION_batnames2023	PAGES_batnames2023	COMMON NAME_batnames2023	SYNONYMS_batnames2023	TYPE LOCALITY_batnames2023	DISTRIBUTION_batnames2023	CITES_batnames2023	IUCN_batnames2023	COMMENTS_batnames2023	name MDD2023	id_MDD2023	phylosort_MDD2023	mainCommonName_MDD2023	otherCommonNames_MDD2023	subclass_MDD2023	infraclass_MDD2023	magnorder_MDD2023	superorder_MDD2023	order_MDD2023	suborder_MDD2023	infraorder_MDD2023	parvorder_MDD2023	superfamily_MDD2023	Family_mdd2023	subfamily_MDD2023	tribe_MDD2023	genus_MDD2023	subgenus_MDD2023	specificEpithet_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD2023	authorityParentheses_MDD2023	originalNameCombination_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD2023	holotypeVoucher_MDD2023	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD2023	typeLocality_MDD2023	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD2023	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD2023	nominalNames_MDD2023	taxonomyNotes_MDD2023	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD2023	distributionNotes_MDD2023	distributionNotesCitation_MDD2023	subregionDistribution_MDD2023	countryDistribution_MDD2023	continentDistribution_MDD2023	biogeographicRealm_MDD2023	iucnStatus_MDD2023	extinct_MDD2023	domestic_MDD2023	flagged_MDD2023	CMW_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceCMW_MDD2023	MSW3_matchtype_MDD2023	MSW3_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceMSW3_MDD2023	docOrigin_MDD2025	sciName	id	phylosort	mainCommonName	otherCommonNames	subclass	infraclass	magnorder	superorder	order	suborder	infraorder	parvorder	superfamily	family	subfamily	tribe	genus	subgenus	specificEpithet	authoritySpeciesAuthor	authorityParentheses	originalNameCombination	authoritySpeciesCitation	authoritySpeciesLink	typeVoucher	typeKind	typeVoucherURIs	typeLocality	typeLocalityLatitude	typeLocalityLongitude	taxonomyNotes	taxonomyNotesCitation	distributionNotes	distributionNotesCitation	subregionDistribution	countryDistribution	continentDistribution	biogeographicRealm	iucnStatus	extinct	domestic	flagged	CMW_sciName	diffSinceCMW	MSW3_matchtype	MSW3_sciName	diffSinceMSW3	docOrigin_batnames2025	Family	Genus	Subgenus	Species	Author	Date	Parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L865	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Myotis evotis	Myotis evotis	Myotis evotis	Myotis evotis	Myotis evotis	Myotis evotis	Myotis evotis	Myotis evotis	Myotis evotis	Myotis evotis	Myotis evotis	Myotis evotis	Myotis evotis	Myotis evotis	Myotis evotis		[MSW2] Subgenus Myotis. See Genoways and Jones (1969b:l). See Manning and Jones (1989, Mammalian Species, 329).; [MSW3] See Genoways and Jones (1969b) and Manning and Jones (1989). Includes milleri; see Reducker et al. (1983) and Manning (1993). Does not include auriculus; see Genoways and Jones (1969b), Hall (1981), and Gannon (1998). Revised by Manning (1993).; [HMW] Vespertilio evotis H. Allen, 1864 , type locality not given. Restricted by G. S. Miller, Jr. in 1897 to “Monterey, Caljifornia].,” USA . Subgenus Pyzonix; lucifugus species group. Myotis evotis is most closely related to M. thysanodes , M. keenii , M. occultus , and the paraphyletic M. lucifugus (specifically M. lL carissimus and M. l. pernox, which likely represent distinct species), although relationships among these species and the clade including M. sodalis , M. volans , M. lucifugus , M. L. relictus, and M. I. alascensis are not well resolved. Six subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022] See Genoways and Jones (1969 b ) and Manning and Jones (1989). Includes milleri ; see Reducker et al. (1983) and Manning (1993). Includes keenii ; see Lausen et al. (2019). We currently recognize keenii as a subspecies of evotis , but it seems likely that it is a synonym of pacificus although this needs to be confirmed (C. Francis, pers. comm. 4/22/2022). Does not include auriculus ; see Genoways and Jones (1969 b ), Hall (1981), and Gannon (1998). Revised by Manning (1993). There remains spirited debate over the status of keenii (see e.g, Nagorsen and Brigham, 1993; Van Zyll de Jong and Nagorsen, 1994; Nagorsen, 2002; Lung et al., 2013; Lausen et al, 2019; Morales et al., 2021; Lausen et al., 2021). We find the recent arguments of Lausen et al. (2019, 2021) persuasive and direct readers to the summary and discussion in Lausen et al. (2021) to explain our decision to synonymize keenii with evotis .; [batnames2023] See Genoways and Jones (1969 b ) and Manning and Jones (1989). Includes milleri ; see Reducker et al. (1983) and Manning (1993). Does not include auriculus ; see Genoways and Jones (1969 b ), Hall (1981), and Gannon (1998). Revised by Manning (1993). There remains spirited debate over the status of keenii (see e.g, Nagorsen and Brigham, 1993; Van Zyll de Jong and Nagorsen, 1994; Nagorsen, 2002; Lung et al., 2013; Lausen et al, 2019; Morales et al., 2021; Lausen et al., 2021). For a summary of these issues, and to explain our decision to recognize keenii as a distinct species, see Upham and Francis (2022).; [MDD2023] does not include M. keenii after the recommendation of Upham et al. (2022) and awaiting the gathering of further evidence; [MDD2025_2.0] does not include M. keenii after the recommendation of Upham et al. (2022) and awaiting the gathering of further evidence; [batnames2025_1.7] See Genoways and Jones (1969b) and Manning and Jones (1989). Includes milleri; see Reducker et al. (1983) and Manning (1993). Does not include auriculus; see Genoways and Jones (1969b), Hall (1981), and Gannon (1998). Revised by Manning (1993). There remains spirited debate over the status of keenii (see e.g, Nagorsen and Brigham, 1993; Van Zyll de Jong and Nagorsen, 1994; Nagorsen, 2002; Lung et al., 2013; Lausen et al, 2019; Morales et al., 2021; Lausen et al., 2021). For a summary of these issues, and to explain our decision to recognize keenii as a distinct species, see Upham and Francis (2022).; [MDD2025_2.2] does not include M. keenii after the recommendation of Upham et al. (2022) and awaiting the gathering of further evidence						chrysonotus, micronyx, pacificus.	pacificus, evotis	evotis, chrysonotus, jonesorum, micronyx, milleri, pacificus		evotis, chrysonotus, jonesorum, micronyx, milleri, pacificus		evotis, chrysonotus, jonesorum, micronyx, milleri, pacificus	pacificus - keenii	evotis, chrysonotus, milleri , micronyx, pacificus, jonesorum		evotis, chrysonotus, jonesorum, micronyx, milleri, pacificus		evotis, chrysonotus, milleri, micronyx, pacificus, jonesorum 	evotis, chrysonotus, milleri, micronyx, pacificus, jonesorum 	chrysonotus, evotis, jonesorum, micronyx, milleri, pacificus		evotis (H. Allen, 1864)|chrysonotus (J. A. Allen, 1896)|milleri D. G. Elliot, 1903|micronyx E. W. Nelson & E. A. Goldman, 1909|pacificus Dalquest, 1943|jonesorum R. W. Manning, 1993		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Long-eared myotis	SW Canada – NW Mexico	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Myotis evotis	U.S.A., California, Monterey.	H. Allen	1864	Smithson. Misc. Coll., 7:48.	Distribution: Ranging through western North America from southwestern Canada to northwestern Mexico.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Long-eared myotis	NW Mexico	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	H. Allen	1864	Smithson. Misc. Coll., 7:48.	Subgenus Myotis. See Genoways and Jones (1969b:l). See Manning and Jones (1989, Mammalian Species, 329).	S British Columbia, S Alberta, S Saskatchewan (Canada) to New Mexico (USA) and Baja California (Mexico).	USA, California, Monterey.		H. ALLEN	1864	Size medium (forearm length, 35-41 mm; condylobasal length, 14-16 mm). Ears relatively long and black. Rostrum relatively long. Margin of uropatagium with a sparse fringe of hair. Sagittal crest absent or poorly developed.	Distribution: Ranging through western North America from southwestern Canada to northwestern Mexico.	Two subspecies are currently recognized:	M. e. pacificus (British Colombia to northern California), M. e. evotis (British Colombia and Saskatchewan to Baja California and New Mexico).	102	species	M. evotis	H. ALLEN	1864	Myotis	subgenus	Myotis evotis				Size medium (forearm length, 35-41 mm; condylobasal length, 14-16 mm). Ears relatively long and black. Rostrum relatively long. Margin of uropatagium with a sparse fringe of hair. Sagittal crest absent or poorly developed.	Two subspecies are currently recognized:		19. M. evotis (H. ALLEN 1864) [evotis group].	19	_M. e. chrysonotus_ (Allen, 1896); _M. e. evotis_ (Allen, 1864); _M. e. jonesorum_ Manning, 1993; _M. e. micronyx_ Nelson & Goldman, 1909; _M. e. milleri_ Elliot, 1903; _M. e. pacificus_ Dalquest, 1943			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Myotinae		Myotis evotis	Myotis		evotis	H. Allen	y	1864		Smithson. Misc. Coll.	7		48		Long-eared Myotis	USA, California, Monterey.	S British Columbia, S Alberta, S Saskatchewan (Canada) to New Mexico (USA) and Baja California (Mexico).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) Lower risk (lc) as M. evotis; Endangered as M. milleri.	chrysonotus J. A. Allen, 1896; jonesorum Manning, 1993; micronyx Nelson and Goldman, 1909; milleri Elliot, 1903; pacificus Dalquest, 1943.	See Genoways and Jones (1969b) and Manning and Jones (1989). Includes milleri; see Reducker et al. (1983) and Manning (1993). Does not include auriculus; see Genoways and Jones (1969b), Hall (1981), and Gannon (1998). Revised by Manning (1993).	4C3D87E8FF5D6AE3FA449C1D1C92B147	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	928	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FF5D6AE3FA449C1D1C92B147.xml	Myotis evotis	Vespertilionidae	Myotis	evotis		1864	Murin a oreilles longues @fr | Langohriges Mausohr @de | Ratonero de orejas largas @es | Western Long-eared Bat @en | Western Long-eared Myotis @en	Vespertilio evotis H. Allen, 1864 , type locality not given. Restricted by G. S. Miller, Jr. in 1897 to “Monterey, Caljifornia].,” USA . Subgenus Pyzonix; lucifugus species group. Myotis evotis is most closely related to M. thysanodes , M. keenii , M. occultus , and the paraphyletic M. lucifugus (specifically M. lL carissimus and M. l. pernox, which likely represent distinct species), although relationships among these species and the clade including M. sodalis , M. volans , M. lucifugus , M. L. relictus, and M. I. alascensis are not well resolved. Six subspecies recognized.	M.e.evotisH.Allen,1864—coastalSWUSA(CW&SWCalifornia). M. e. chrysonotus J. A. Allen, 1896 — SW Canada (SE British Columbia , S Alberta , and S Saskatchewan ) and W USA (most of Montana , W & NE North Dakota , NW South Dakota , SE Oregon , S Idaho , Wyoming , inland California , Nevada , Utah , Colorado , and extreme N New Mexico ). M. e. jonesorum Manning, 1993 — SW USA (N & E Arizona and W New Mexico ). M. e. micronyx Nelson & Goldman, 1909 — NW Mexico (N Baja California ). M. e. milleri Elliot, 1903 — NW Mexico (S Baja California ). M. e. pacificus Dalquest, 1943 — SW Canada (SW British Columbia and Vancouver I), and NW USA ( Washington , most of Oregon , N Idaho , NW Montana , and NW California ).	Head-body 43-52 mm , tail 36-45 mm , hindfoot 810 mm , ear 18— 24 mm , forearm 37-40 mm ; weight 4-9 g . Fur of the Long-eared Myotis is long and fluffy. Dorsum is yellowish to dark brown, darkest in Pacific Northwest ; venteris paler. Bare face, ears, and membranes are black. Ears are very long and extend well beyond nose when laid forward. Calcar is unkeeled orslightly keeled. Skull has gradually rising forehead region; sagittal crest is usually present but inconspicuous; skull is relatively narrow overall; and braincase is ovoid when viewed from above, bulging posteriorly beyond lambdoidalcrests. Upper premolars are not crowded and in line in tooth row; molarsare relatively large; and M? has marked angle between parastyle and mesostyle. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FN = 52.	Humid coastal areas to montane forests, including mixed coniferous forests, dry forests, subalpine forests, semiarid shrublands, sage, chaparral, and agricultural areas from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 2830 m ( Wyoming ).	[.ong-cared Myotis primarily hunt by aerial hawking but occasionally glean prey off of surfaces. They eat variousinsects but primarily Lepidoptera and Coleoptera . In Arizona , diet included Lepidoptera , Coleoptera , Diptera , Neuroptera , Hymenoptera , Hemiptera , and Homoptera. Odonata has also been recorded in diets in Montana . When sympatric with the South-western Myotis (M. auriculus ), the Longeared Myotis primarily eats Coleoptera rather than Lepidoptera . Long-eared Myotis bats also appear to exhibit sexual differences in food selection, with males eating significantly more moths than females.	Pregnant Long-eared Myotis have been collected from mid-May to mid-July throughout the distribution, and volant young have been reported from late July in New Mexico . This suggests that births occur around June to mid-July. Females give birth to one young. Oldest recorded individual was a 22-year-old male.	L.ong-eared Myotis use various types of day roosts (e.g. abandoned buildings, tree hollows, under loose bark, among timber, caves and mines, crevices, and sinkholes). They leave roosts to forage relatively late in the evening and often continue foraging later into the night, often later than midnight. In Arizona , theyleaf roosts ¢.30 minutes after sunset and foraging for a little more than two hours, and in Oregon in August, they emerged 10-40 minutes after full darkness. They hibernate through winter. Calls are steep FM sweeps, with start frequencies of 59-9-100-2 kHz (mean 71-2 kHz), end frequencies of 31-5-48-6 kHz (37-1 kHz), peak frequencies of 45-58-4 kHz (50-8 kHz), and durations of 0-3-2-7 milliseconds (1-1 milliseconds) in Alberta .	Long-eared Myotis roost in small groups or alone, with males and some non-reproducing females living alone or in small groups in summer and reproductive females forming small maternity colonies of up to 30 individuals. They might migrate short distances from summer to winter roosts and hibernacula. They have been recorded sharing roosts with Townsend’s Big-eared Bats ( Corynorhinus townsendii ) in Idaho .	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Longeared Myotis appears to be widespread and common throughoutits distribution and does not appear to face any major threats. Habitat loss and roost disturbance might be major risks in the future; they can be considered pests because of their preference to roost in attics.	Arroyo-Cabrales & Alvarez-Castafieda (20179) | Chruszcz & Barclay (2002b, 2003) | Dalquest (1943) | Faure & Barclay (1994) | Faure et al. (1990) | Findley (1972) | Gannon & Réacz (2006) | Jones, C. (1965) | Jones, J.K. & Choate (1978) | Jones, J.K., Lampe et al. (1973) | Kellner & Harestad (2005) | Larrison & Johnson 1981) | Manning (1993) | Manning & Jones (1989) | Miller (1897) | Morales & Carstens (2018) | Morales et al. 2017) | Nixon et al. (2009) | Rancourt et al. (2005) | Rust (1946) | Snider et al. (2013) | Solick & Barclay (2006) | Vonhof & Barclay (1996, 1997) | Waldien et al. (2000) | Whitaker & Wilson (1974) | Whitaker et al. (1977) | Whitlow Hall (1933) | van Zyll de Jong & Nagorsen (1994)	https://zenodo.org/record/6398661/files/figure.png	378. Long-eared Myotis Myotis evotis French: Murin a oreilles longues / German: Langohriges Mausohr / Spanish: Ratonero de orejas largas Other common names: Western Long-eared Bat , Western Long-eared Myotis Taxonomy. Vespertilio evotis H. Allen, 1864 , type locality not given. Restricted by G. S. Miller, Jr. in 1897 to “Monterey, Caljifornia].,” USA . Subgenus Pyzonix; lucifugus species group. Myotis evotis is most closely related to M. thysanodes , M. keenii , M. occultus , and the paraphyletic M. lucifugus (specifically M. lL carissimus and M. l. pernox, which likely represent distinct species), although relationships among these species and the clade including M. sodalis , M. volans , M. lucifugus , M. L. relictus, and M. I. alascensis are not well resolved. Six subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. M.e.evotisH.Allen,1864—coastalSWUSA(CW&SWCalifornia). M. e. chrysonotus J. A. Allen, 1896 — SW Canada (SE British Columbia , S Alberta , and S Saskatchewan ) and W USA (most of Montana , W & NE North Dakota , NW South Dakota , SE Oregon , S Idaho , Wyoming , inland California , Nevada , Utah , Colorado , and extreme N New Mexico ). M. e. jonesorum Manning, 1993 — SW USA (N & E Arizona and W New Mexico ). M. e. micronyx Nelson & Goldman, 1909 — NW Mexico (N Baja California ). M. e. milleri Elliot, 1903 — NW Mexico (S Baja California ). M. e. pacificus Dalquest, 1943 — SW Canada (SW British Columbia and Vancouver I), and NW USA ( Washington , most of Oregon , N Idaho , NW Montana , and NW California ). Descriptive notes. Head-body 43-52 mm , tail 36-45 mm , hindfoot 810 mm , ear 18— 24 mm , forearm 37-40 mm ; weight 4-9 g . Fur of the Long-eared Myotis is long and fluffy. Dorsum is yellowish to dark brown, darkest in Pacific Northwest ; venteris paler. Bare face, ears, and membranes are black. Ears are very long and extend well beyond nose when laid forward. Calcar is unkeeled orslightly keeled. Skull has gradually rising forehead region; sagittal crest is usually present but inconspicuous; skull is relatively narrow overall; and braincase is ovoid when viewed from above, bulging posteriorly beyond lambdoidalcrests. Upper premolars are not crowded and in line in tooth row; molarsare relatively large; and M? has marked angle between parastyle and mesostyle. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FN = 52. Habitat. Humid coastal areas to montane forests, including mixed coniferous forests, dry forests, subalpine forests, semiarid shrublands, sage, chaparral, and agricultural areas from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 2830 m ( Wyoming ). Food and Feeding. [.ong-cared Myotis primarily hunt by aerial hawking but occasionally glean prey off of surfaces. They eat variousinsects but primarily Lepidoptera and Coleoptera . In Arizona , diet included Lepidoptera , Coleoptera , Diptera , Neuroptera , Hymenoptera , Hemiptera , and Homoptera. Odonata has also been recorded in diets in Montana . When sympatric with the South-western Myotis (M. auriculus ), the Longeared Myotis primarily eats Coleoptera rather than Lepidoptera . Long-eared Myotis bats also appear to exhibit sexual differences in food selection, with males eating significantly more moths than females. Breeding. Pregnant Long-eared Myotis have been collected from mid-May to mid-July throughout the distribution, and volant young have been reported from late July in New Mexico . This suggests that births occur around June to mid-July. Females give birth to one young. Oldest recorded individual was a 22-year-old male. Activity patterns. L.ong-eared Myotis use various types of day roosts (e.g. abandoned buildings, tree hollows, under loose bark, among timber, caves and mines, crevices, and sinkholes). They leave roosts to forage relatively late in the evening and often continue foraging later into the night, often later than midnight. In Arizona , theyleaf roosts ¢.30 minutes after sunset and foraging for a little more than two hours, and in Oregon in August, they emerged 10-40 minutes after full darkness. They hibernate through winter. Calls are steep FM sweeps, with start frequencies of 59-9-100-2 kHz (mean 71-2 kHz), end frequencies of 31-5-48-6 kHz (37-1 kHz), peak frequencies of 45-58-4 kHz (50-8 kHz), and durations of 0-3-2-7 milliseconds (1-1 milliseconds) in Alberta . Movements, Home range and Social organization. Long-eared Myotis roost in small groups or alone, with males and some non-reproducing females living alone or in small groups in summer and reproductive females forming small maternity colonies of up to 30 individuals. They might migrate short distances from summer to winter roosts and hibernacula. They have been recorded sharing roosts with Townsend’s Big-eared Bats ( Corynorhinus townsendii ) in Idaho . Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Longeared Myotis appears to be widespread and common throughoutits distribution and does not appear to face any major threats. Habitat loss and roost disturbance might be major risks in the future; they can be considered pests because of their preference to roost in attics. Bibliography. Arroyo-Cabrales & Alvarez-Castafieda (20179), Chruszcz & Barclay (2002b, 2003), Dalquest (1943), Faure & Barclay (1994), Faure et al. (1990), Findley (1972), Gannon & Réacz (2006), Jones, C. (1965), Jones, J.K. & Choate (1978), Jones, J.K., Lampe et al. (1973), Kellner & Harestad (2005), Larrison & Johnson 1981), Manning (1993), Manning & Jones (1989), Miller (1897), Morales & Carstens (2018), Morales et al. 2017), Nixon et al. (2009), Rancourt et al. (2005), Rust (1946), Snider et al. (2013), Solick & Barclay (2006), Vonhof & Barclay (1996, 1997), Waldien et al. (2000), Whitaker & Wilson (1974), Whitaker et al. (1977), Whitlow Hall (1933), van Zyll de Jong & Nagorsen (1994).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Myotis evotis	Myotis	Unassigned-Myotis	evotis	H. Allen	1864	1	Smithson. Misc. Coll.	7:48	Long-eared Myotis	<b> chrysonotus </b>J. A. Allen, 1896; <b> jonesorum </b>Manning, 1993;<b> micronyx </b>Nelson and Goldman, 1909; <b> milleri </b> Elliot, 1903;<b> pacificus </b>Dalquest, 1943; keenii Merriam, 1895.	USA, California, Monterey.	S British Columbia, S Alberta, S Saskatchewan (Canada) to New Mexico (USA) and Baja California (Mexico).	Not listed.	Least Concern	See Genoways and Jones (1969 b ) and Manning and Jones (1989). Includes milleri ; see Reducker et al. (1983) and Manning (1993). Includes keenii ; see Lausen et al. (2019). We currently recognize keenii as a subspecies of evotis , but it seems likely that it is a synonym of pacificus although this needs to be confirmed (C. Francis, pers. comm. 4/22/2022). Does not include auriculus ; see Genoways and Jones (1969 b ), Hall (1981), and Gannon (1998). Revised by Manning (1993). There remains spirited debate over the status of keenii (see e.g, Nagorsen and Brigham, 1993; Van Zyll de Jong and Nagorsen, 1994; Nagorsen, 2002; Lung et al., 2013; Lausen et al, 2019; Morales et al., 2021; Lausen et al., 2021). We find the recent arguments of Lausen et al. (2019, 2021) persuasive and direct readers to the summary and discussion in Lausen et al. (2021) to explain our decision to synonymize keenii with evotis .	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Myotis evotis	23	Long-eared Myotis	Western Long-eared Bat|Western Long-eared Myotis	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	MYOTINAE	NA	Myotis	Pizonyx	evotis	H. Allen	1864	1	Vespertilio_evotis	Allen, H. (1864). Monograph of the Bats of North America. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 7(1), 48.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8817039#page/88/mode/1up	USNM 5389 [lectotype]		type locality not given. Restricted by G. S. Miller, Jr. in 1897 to "Monterey, Cal[ifornia].," USA.			evotis (H. Allen, 1864)|chrysonotus (J. A. Allen, 1896)|milleri D. G. Elliot, 1903|micronyx E. W. Nelson & E. A. Goldman, 1909|pacificus Dalquest, 1943|jonesorum Manning, 1993	NA	NA	Canada|United States|Mexico	North America	Nearctic	LC	0	0	0	Myotis_evotis	0	sciname match	Myotis_evotis	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	14157	Myotis evotis	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Myotis	evotis	(H. Allen, 1864)		20000000	Myotis evotis	Least Concern		2017	2016-08-29 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Least Concern in because of its wide distribution, presumed common population, occurrence in a number of protected areas, and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category.	Myotis evotis is insectivorous. This bat is found in a wide range of habitats, but is most commonly found in mixed coniferous forests, from humid coastal areas to montane forests. In southern British Columbia, long-eared myotis roost in tree cavities in dense forests. In adapting to forest management in certain areas of British Columbia, they have recently been found to roost in the stumps of clear-cut stands. Long-eared myotis prefer the stumps of ponderosa pine and lodgepole pine in these areas. In the large uninterrupted forests of the Pacific Northwest, M. evotis uses large snags for day roosts. These bats usually prefer snags that reach high into or above the forest canopy. In the badlands of the South Sasketchawan River Valley in Alberta, M. evotis are mostly found roosting in the crevices of sandstone boulders. Other places which function as day roosts are abandoned buildings, cracks in the ground, caves, mines, and loose bark on living and dead trees. (Chruszcz and Barclay 2002, 2003, Manning and Jones 1989, Nagorsen and Brigham 1993, Vonhof and Barclay 1996, 1997, Waldien et al.  2000).	This little bat is mostly affected by habitat loss. Also, by the closure of abandoned mines without surveys, recreational caving, some forest management practices and activities that impact cliff faces or rock outcrops. ;The preference for warm attics during the birthing season puts them at some risk.	Myotis evotis ;appears to be widespread throughout the western states, but not abundant. This species ;is either solitary or roosts in colonies of up to 30 individuals. Both sexes use a variety of roost sites. In the Pacific Northwest, the variety of female roost sites exceeds that of any other bats in that area. In forest populations, these bats usually roost in large snags in canopy gaps, or else in stumps in clear-cut areas. These bats are thought to migrate short distances between summer and winter ranges, although winter ranges for long-eared myotis are unreported (Manning and Jones 1989, Vonhof and Barclay 1996, Waldien et al. 2000).	Stable	This small bat is found from southern British Columbia, Southern Alberta, Southern Saskatchewan (Canada) to New Mexico (USA) and Baja California (Mexico) (Simmons 2005). ;Elevation ranges from sea level on the Pacific Coast to 2,830 meters in the mountains of Wyoming.		Terrestrial	This species occurs in several protected areas through its geographic range. It is included inside the Mexican regulation for species conservation NOM-59-SEMARNAT-2001 (Arroyo-Cabrales pers. comm.).	Nearctic|Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Myotis	Unassigned - Myotis	evotis	H. Allen	1864	1	Smithson. Misc. Coll.	7:48	Long-eared Myotis	<b> chrysonotus </b>J. A. Allen, 1896; <b> jonesorum </b>Manning, 1993;<b> micronyx </b>Nelson and Goldman, 1909; <b> milleri </b> Elliot, 1903;<b> pacificus </b>Dalquest, 1943; keenii Merriam, 1895.	USA, California, Monterey.	S British Columbia, S Alberta, S Saskatchewan (Canada) to New Mexico (USA) and Baja California (Mexico).	Not listed.	Least Concern	See Genoways and Jones (1969 b ) and Manning and Jones (1989). Includes milleri ; see Reducker et al. (1983) and Manning (1993). Does not include auriculus ; see Genoways and Jones (1969 b ), Hall (1981), and Gannon (1998). Revised by Manning (1993). There remains spirited debate over the status of keenii (see e.g, Nagorsen and Brigham, 1993; Van Zyll de Jong and Nagorsen, 1994; Nagorsen, 2002; Lung et al., 2013; Lausen et al, 2019; Morales et al., 2021; Lausen et al., 2021). For a summary of these issues, and to explain our decision to recognize keenii as a distinct species, see Upham and Francis (2022).	Myotis evotis	1005404	23	Long-eared Myotis	Western Long-eared Bat|Western Long-eared Myotis	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	MYOTINAE	NA	Myotis	Pizonyx	evotis	H. Allen	1864	1	Vespertilio_evotis	Allen, H. (1864). Monograph of the Bats of North America. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 7(1), 48.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8817039#page/88/mode/1up	USNM 5389 [lectotype]		type locality not given. Restricted by G. S. Miller, Jr. in 1897 to "Monterey, Cal[ifornia].," USA.			evotis (H. Allen, 1864)|chrysonotus (J. A. Allen, 1896)|milleri D. G. Elliot, 1903|micronyx E. W. Nelson & E. A. Goldman, 1909|pacificus Dalquest, 1943|jonesorum Manning, 1993	does not include M. keenii after the recommendation of Upham et al. (2022) and awaiting the gathering of further evidence	Upham, N. S. and Francis, C. M. on behalf of the G. B. T. W. G. of the IUCN SSC Bat Specialist Group (2022). On the taxonomy of Myotis keenii and Myotis evotis. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7336341|Lausen, C. L., Proctor, M., Nagorsen, D. W., Burles, D., Paetkau, D., Harmston, E., Blejwas, K., Govindarajulu, P., & Friis, L. (2019). Population genetics reveal Myotis keenii (Keen’s myotis) and Myotis evotis (long-eared myotis) to be a single species. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 97(3), 267–279. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0113|Morales, A. E., Fenton, M. B., Carstens, B. C., & Simmons, N. B. (2021). Comment on “Population genetics reveal Myotis keenii (Keen’s myotis) and Myotis evotis (long-eared myotis) to be a single species.” Canadian Journal of Zoology, 99(5), 415–422. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2020-0048|Lausen, C. L., Proctor, M. F., Paetkau, D., Nagorsen, D. W., Govindarajulu, P., Burles, D., & Blejwas, K. (2021). Reply to the comment by Morales et al. On “Population genetics reveal Myotis keenii (Keen’s myotis) and Myotis evotis (long-eared myotis) to be a single species.” Canadian Journal of Zoology, 99(5), 423–432. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2020-0266			USA(ND,MT,WY,CO,NM,AZ,CA,NV,UT,ID,WA,OR)	Canada|United States|Mexico	North America	Nearctic	LC	0	0	0	Myotis_evotis	0	sciname match	Myotis_evotis	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Myotis_evotis	1005404	23	Long-eared Myotis	Western Long-eared Bat|Western Long-eared Myotis	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Myotinae	NA	Myotis	Pizonyx	evotis	H. Allen	1	Vespertilio evotis	Allen, H. 1864-06. Monograph of the bats of North America. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 7(1):1-85.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8817110	USNM:MAMM:5389	lectotype		type locality not given. Restricted by G. S. Miller, Jr. in 1897 to "Monterey, Cal[ifornia].," USA.			does not include M. keenii after the recommendation of Upham et al. (2022) and awaiting the gathering of further evidence	Upham, N. S. and Francis, C. M. on behalf of the G. B. T. W. G. of the IUCN SSC Bat Specialist Group (2022). On the taxonomy of Myotis keenii and Myotis evotis. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7336341|Lausen, C. L., Proctor, M., Nagorsen, D. W., Burles, D., Paetkau, D., Harmston, E., Blejwas, K., Govindarajulu, P., & Friis, L. (2019). Population genetics reveal Myotis keenii (Keen’s myotis) and Myotis evotis (long-eared myotis) to be a single species. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 97(3), 267–279. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0113|Morales, A. E., Fenton, M. B., Carstens, B. C., & Simmons, N. B. (2021). Comment on “Population genetics reveal Myotis keenii (Keen’s myotis) and Myotis evotis (long-eared myotis) to be a single species.” Canadian Journal of Zoology, 99(5), 415–422. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2020-0048|Lausen, C. L., Proctor, M. F., Paetkau, D., Nagorsen, D. W., Govindarajulu, P., Burles, D., & Blejwas, K. (2021). Reply to the comment by Morales et al. On “Population genetics reveal Myotis keenii (Keen’s myotis) and Myotis evotis (long-eared myotis) to be a single species.” Canadian Journal of Zoology, 99(5), 423–432. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2020-0266			USA(ND,MT,WY,CO,NM,AZ,CA,NV,UT,ID,WA,OR)	Canada|United States|Mexico	North America	Nearctic	LC	0	0	0	Myotis_evotis	0	sciname match	Myotis_evotis	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Myotis	Pizonyx	evotis	H. Allen	1864	1	Smithson. Misc. Coll.	7:48	Long-eared Myotis	chrysonotus J. A. Allen, 1896; jonesorum Manning, 1993; micronyx Nelson and Goldman, 1909; milleri Elliot, 1903; pacificus Dalquest, 1943; keenii Merriam, 1895.	USA, California, Monterey.	S British Columbia, S Alberta, S Saskatchewan (Canada) to New Mexico (USA) and Baja California (Mexico).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/14157/22059133/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	See Genoways and Jones (1969b) and Manning and Jones (1989). Includes milleri; see Reducker et al. (1983) and Manning (1993). Does not include auriculus; see Genoways and Jones (1969b), Hall (1981), and Gannon (1998). Revised by Manning (1993). There remains spirited debate over the status of keenii (see e.g, Nagorsen and Brigham, 1993; Van Zyll de Jong and Nagorsen, 1994; Nagorsen, 2002; Lung et al., 2013; Lausen et al, 2019; Morales et al., 2021; Lausen et al., 2021). For a summary of these issues, and to explain our decision to recognize keenii as a distinct species, see Upham and Francis (2022).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Myotis evotis; Myotis evotis; Myotis evotis; Myotis evotis; Myotis evotis; Myotis evotis; evotis; chrysonotus; jonesorum; micronyx; milleri; pacificus; evotis; chrysonotus; jonesorum; micronyx; milleri; pacificus; chrysonotus; jonesorum; micronyx; milleri; pacificus; pacificus - keenii; evotis; chrysonotus; milleri; micronyx; pacificus; jonesorum; Murin a oreilles longues; Langohriges Mausohr; Ratonero de orejas largas; Western Long-eared Bat; Western Long-eared Myotis; Long-eared Myotis; Western Long-eared Bat; Western Long-eared Myotis; Long-eared Myotis; Long-eared Myotis; M. evotis