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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L795	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	Murina ussuriensis	Murina ussuriensis	Murina ussuriensis	Murina ussuriensis	Murina ussuriensis	Murina ussuriensis	Murina ussuriensis	Murina ussuriensis	Murina ussuriensis	Murina ussuriensis	Murina ussuriensis	Murina ussuriensis	Murina ussuriensis	Murina ussuriensis		[MSW2] Subgenus Murina. Formerly included in aurata see Maeda (1980:547) and Corbet (1978c). Japanese populations have been separated as M. silvatica.; [MSW3] Subgenus Murina. Formerly included in aurata, see Maeda (1980) and Corbet (1978c). Japanese populations have been separated as M. silvatica.; [HMW] Murina ussuriensis Ogneyv, 1913 , Evseevka, Imansky district, Ussuri, southeastern Siberia, Russia . See M. harrisoni . Race silvatica has often been treated as a separate species. Three subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022] Subgenus Murina . Formerly included in aurata , see Maeda (1980) and Corbet (1978 c ). Japanese populations have beenseparated as M. silvatica .; [IUCN] This species was for a long time considered a subspecies of M. aurata (Kuzyakin 1950, Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951). Its difference from M. aurata was clearly shown on morphological grounds (Maeda 1980) and relation to M. huttoni was supposed by molecular data (Kruskop et al. 2012). M. silvatica , described from Honshu Island as a distinct species, was then considered a subspecies of M. ussuriensis (Maeda 1994, Kruskop 2005, Kawai 2015a). The same can be suggested in relation to M. tenebrosa from Tsushima Island (Kawai 2015b), special molecular studies are required to clarify this question.; [batnames2023] Subgenus Murina . Formerly included in aurata , see Maeda (1980) and Corbet (1978). Includes silvatica , which has been variously treated as a synonym of ussuriensis (e.g., Fukui et al. 2019), a subspecies of ussuriensis (e.g., Burgin, 2019), or a full species (e.g., Simmons, 2005). Little additional data has been brought to bear on this issue since 2005. Kruskop (2005; abstract) states that “...interrelations between this form and lesser tube-nosed bats from Japan, as well as status of different Japanese populations need further clarification.” However, Kruskop (2005: 97) additionally noted that the difference between ussuriensis and silvatica “to our opinion does not exceed subspecies level." Kruskop et al. (2012) do not test the question of the relationship of Japanese specimens in their molecular analysis. Consequently, we follow Kawai (2015) who treated silvatica as a synonym of ussuriensis and recommended that any species or subspecies reclassification be validated with additional genetic studies.; [MDD2023] includes silvatica; [MDD2025_2.0] includes silvatica; [batnames2025_1.7] Subgenus Murina. Formerly included in aurata, see Maeda (1980) and Corbet (1978). Includes silvatica, which has been variously treated as a synonym of ussuriensis (e.g., Fukui et al. 2019), a subspecies of ussuriensis (e.g., Burgin, 2019), or a full species (e.g., Simmons, 2005). Little additional data has been brought to bear on this issue since 2005. Kruskop (2005; abstract) states that “...interrelations between this form and lesser tube-nosed bats from Japan, as well as status of different Japanese populations need further clarification.” However, Kruskop (2005: 97) additionally noted that the difference between ussuriensis and silvatica “to our opinion does not exceed subspecies level." Kruskop et al. (2012) do not test the question of the relationship of Japanese specimens in their molecular analysis. Consequently, we follow Kawai (2015) who treated silvatica as a synonym of ussuriensis and recommended that any species or subspecies reclassification be validated with additional genetic studies.; [MDD2025_2.2] includes silvatica										ussuriensis, katerinae, silvatica				ussuriensis, silvatica, katerinae	This species was for a long time considered a subspecies of M. aurata (Kuzyakin 1950, Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951). Its difference from M. aurata was clearly shown on morphological grounds (Maeda 1980) and relation to M. huttoni was supposed by molecular data (Kruskop et al. 2012). M. silvatica , described from Honshu Island as a distinct species, was then considered a subspecies of M. ussuriensis (Maeda 1994, Kruskop 2005, Kawai 2015a). The same can be suggested in relation to M. tenebrosa from Tsushima Island (Kawai 2015b), special molecular studies are required to clarify this question.	ussuriensus	ussuriensus - silvatica	ussuriensis, silvatica, katerinae	ussuriensis, silvatica, katerinae	ussuriensus 	ussuriensus - silvatica	ussuriensis Ognev, 1913|silvatica Yoshiyuki, 1983|katerinae Kruskop, 2006					Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Murina ussuriensis	U.S.S.R., Primorsky Krai, Kreis Imansky.	Ognev	1913	Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sei. St. Petersb., 18:402.	Distribution: Known from the Kuriles, Sakhalin, southeastern Siberia, and Korea.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5		E, NE Siberia, Sakhalin, Kurile Is; Korea; ref. 4.142	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Ognev	1913	Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, 18:402.	Subgenus Murina. Formerly included in aurata see Maeda (1980:547) and Corbet (1978c). Japanese populations have been separated as M. silvatica.	Ussuri region, Kurile Isis, and Sakhalin (Russia); Korea.	Russia, Primorsky Krai, Kreis Imansky.		OGNEV	1913	Rostrum not particularly massive. Size relatively small (forearm length, 30-32 mm). Canine relatively short. Anterior upper premolar relatively low. No fissure between cochlea and basioccipital. Ear relatively short.	Distribution: Known from the Kuriles, Sakhalin, southeastern Siberia, and Korea.	No subspecies.		132	species	M. ussuriensis	OGNEV	1913	Murina	subgenus	Murina ussuriensis				Rostrum not particularly massive. Size relatively small (forearm length, 30-32 mm). Canine relatively short. Anterior upper premolar relatively low. No fissure between cochlea and basioccipital. Ear relatively short.	No subspecies.		4. M. ussuriensis OGNEV 1913 [suilla group].	4	_M. u. katerinae_ Крускоп, 2006; _M. u. silvatica_ Yoshiyuki, 1983; _M. u. ussuriensis_ Огнёв, 1913			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Murininae		Murina ussuriensis	Murina	Murina	ussuriensis	Ognev		1913		Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg	18		402		Ussurian Tube-nosed Bat	Russia, SE Siberia, Ussuri, Imansky distr., Evseevka	Ussuri region, Kurile Isls, and Sakhalin (Russia); Korea.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Endangered.		Subgenus Murina. Formerly included in aurata, see Maeda (1980) and Corbet (1978c). Japanese populations have been separated as M. silvatica.	4C3D87E8FF6C6ADCFA4497B91A94B910	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	912	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FF6C6ADCFA4497B91A94B910.xml	Murina ussuriensis	Vespertilionidae	Murina	ussuriensis	Ogneyv	1913	Murine de @fr | 'Oussouri @en | Ussuri-Réhrennase @de | Ratonero narizudo de Ussuri @es | Lesser Tube-nosed Bat @en | Ussurian Tube-nosed Bat @en	Murina ussuriensis Ogneyv, 1913 , Evseevka, Imansky district, Ussuri, southeastern Siberia, Russia . See M. harrisoni . Race silvatica has often been treated as a separate species. Three subspecies recognized.	M.u. ussuriensis Ognev,1913—RussianFarEastandNEChina(HeilongjiangandJi-lin);alsoKorea(subspeciesuncertain). M.u. katerinae Kruskop,2005—SSakhalin; alsoKunashirI(possiblysilvatica). M. u. silvatica Yoshiyuki, 1983 — much ofJapan including Rebun, Rishirito, Okushiri, Dogo, Tsushima, Iki, and OsumiIs.	Head—-body 40-49- 4 mm ,tail 29-38- 5 mm , ear 10- 2-17 mm , hindfoot 8: 3-10 mm , forearm 27-35- 8 mm ; weight 5-6 g . Fur is short, dense, and woolly; dorsally golden rufous to light grayish brown (hairs with dark gray base, brown middle band, and light reddish gray tip; guard hairs reddish in katerinae, dull and pale in wussuriensis); ventrally paler grayish white (hairs with dark gray base, pale gray tip). Dorsal pelage extends densely onto base of wings, whole uropatagium, thumbs, and feet. Face is sparsely haired except long protuberant nostrils, which are naked. Ears are short, broad, and rounded, with smoothly convex anterior margins, no notch on posterior margin, and a broadly rounded tip; tragus is long, narrow, and tapering toward pointed tip. Wing attaches to base offirst toe. Skull has rounded braincase; sagittal crest is usually absent or very weakly developed, lambdoidal crests well developed. I? is lateral to I’; P? is two-thirds the height of P* and one-third the crown area; upper molars lack a hypocone and last upper molar has reduced postparacrista and metastyle. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FNa = 50, 56, or 60 ( Japan ).	Primarily temperate forested habitats. Known from temperate rainforest and other forests in Japan , and from high and low elevations across the islands, appearing to favor higher elevations.	Feeds on flying insects, often in forests. Details of diet unknown in the wild, but one was seen catching a dragonfly. In captivity, ate house flies ( Musca domestica), Coleoptera , and Orthoptera , consuming more than 3 g /day. When foraging, flies low and can hover; may glean insects off the ground. in captivity, observed flycatching.	Births occur from late Mayto lateJuly, inJapan, with littersize of 1-2. A female with an infant was found in the same tree-cavity roost as eight infants at different stages of development. Females enter estrusin their first autumn and probably breed that same year. Males seemed to disperse more widely than females in Yakushima (85 bats studied), but in Hokkaido (28 bats studied) no strong population structure was detected; contrast ing environmental conditions may lead to different dispersal patterns in the two regions.	Ussuri Tube-nosed Bats leave their roosts shortly after sunset to forage throughout the night. Adult females in a maternity colony in Yakushima left their roosts to forage 13-47 minutes after sunset with some volant young. Mothers were observed returning to the roost ¢.30 minuteslater, repeatedly hovering around the roost, landing, then leaving again throughout the night. During summer and autumn, bats roost at varioussites, including foliage (usually dead), tree cavities, under bark, on the ground, tree canopies, abandoned mines and tunnels, and buildings; when roosting in foliage, they tend to prefer larger leaves; one was seen under the frost cover on a chrysanthemum. They appearto prefer roosts close to the ground in foliage; however, maternity colonies seem to prefer to roost in tree canopies rather than close to the ground. While roosting during the day, they become torpid, with body temperature lowering nearly to ambient temperature: in Sapporo, Japan , torpid bats at the roost had body temperatures of 19-6°C, 16-9°C, and 17-2°C with ambient temperatures of 20-2°C, 17:-4°C, and 18:2°C, respectively. They hibernate from early December to late February, and will do so under snow. Snow hibernacula are generally pitshaped; the bat may land on the snow, dig a small depression less than 10 cm deep, and then be covered by snow. The species will also use tree-cavity roosts during winter. When hibernating, the bat typically curls into a small ball, pulling the uropatagium over face and wings. Calls are a steep FM sweep with average start frequency of 112-6 kHz (90-136-6 kHz), end frequency 50-7 kHz (44-9-58-4 kHz), peak frequency 86-3 (81:5-89-8 kHz), and duration 1-7 milliseconds (1-4-1 milliseconds) in Hokkaido , Japan . In Kyushu, Japan , average end frequency was 51-6 kHz (40-4-63-8 kHz) and peak frequency 61-9 kHz (52-69 kHz). In South Korea , average start frequencies were 114-8-133-4 kHz, end frequencies 41-2-51 kHz, peak frequencies 70-82-9 kHz, durations 1-6—4-7 milliseconds, and interpulse intervals 48-9-78.6 milliseconds.	Appears to roost solitarily, especially while hibernating, but during summer and autumn it can be found roosting in small groups of2-5 or alone. During breeding, females and their young form small maternity colonies. It switches roosts often, and maternity colonies may switch every day during summer.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. Widespread but locally rare. One individual in north-east China was the first bat in Asia to test positive for the Pseudogymnoascus destructans fungus that causes White-nosed Syndrome.	Abe et al. (2005) | Flanders et al. (2016) | Fukui , Agetsuma & Hill (2004) | Fukui , Hill, Kim Sun-Sook & Han Sang-Hoon (2015) | Fukui , Hill & Matsumura (2012) | Fukui , Maeda et al. (2005) | Funakoshi, Nagaoka etal. (2009) | Funakoshi, Tamari et al. (2016) | Gorobeyko & Kartavtseva (2018) | Harada et al. (1987a) | Hirakawa (2006, 2007) | Hirakawa & Fukui (2009) | Hirakawa & Kawai (2006) | Hirakawa & Kosaka (2009) | Hirakawa & Nagasaka (2018) | Hoyt et al. (2016) | Jo Yeong-Seok et al. (2018) | Kawaiet al. (2014) | Koyanagi & Tsuji (2006) | Kruskop (2005) | Kuroda (1969) | Maeda (1980) | Matsuoka (2008) | Nguyen Truong Son et al. (2015) | Ohdachi et al. (2009) | Smith & Xie Yan (2008) | Sotnikov (2005) | Tanioka (2016) | Tsuchiya (1979) | Tsytsulina (2008e) | Yoshiyuki (1989) | Yukawa (1966)	https://zenodo.org/record/6398588/files/figure.png	343. Ussuri Tube-nosed Bat Murina ussuriensis French: Murine de I'Oussouri / German: Ussuri-Réhrennase / Spanish: Ratonero narizudo de Ussuri Other common names: Lesser Tube-nosed Bat , Ussurian Tube-nosed Bat Taxonomy. Murina ussuriensis Ogneyv, 1913 , Evseevka, Imansky district, Ussuri, southeastern Siberia, Russia . See M. harrisoni . Race silvatica has often been treated as a separate species. Three subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. M.u.ussuriensisOgnev,1913—RussianFarEastandNEChina(HeilongjiangandJi-lin);alsoKorea(subspeciesuncertain). M.u.katerinaeKruskop,2005—SSakhalin; alsoKunashirI(possiblysilvatica). M. u. silvatica Yoshiyuki, 1983 — much ofJapan including Rebun, Rishirito, Okushiri, Dogo, Tsushima, Iki, and OsumiIs. Descriptive notes. Head—-body 40-49- 4 mm ,tail 29-38- 5 mm , ear 10- 2-17 mm , hindfoot 8: 3-10 mm , forearm 27-35- 8 mm ; weight 5-6 g . Fur is short, dense, and woolly; dorsally golden rufous to light grayish brown (hairs with dark gray base, brown middle band, and light reddish gray tip; guard hairs reddish in katerinae, dull and pale in wussuriensis); ventrally paler grayish white (hairs with dark gray base, pale gray tip). Dorsal pelage extends densely onto base of wings, whole uropatagium, thumbs, and feet. Face is sparsely haired except long protuberant nostrils, which are naked. Ears are short, broad, and rounded, with smoothly convex anterior margins, no notch on posterior margin, and a broadly rounded tip; tragus is long, narrow, and tapering toward pointed tip. Wing attaches to base offirst toe. Skull has rounded braincase; sagittal crest is usually absent or very weakly developed, lambdoidal crests well developed. I? is lateral to I’; P? is two-thirds the height of P* and one-third the crown area; upper molars lack a hypocone and last upper molar has reduced postparacrista and metastyle. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FNa = 50, 56, or 60 ( Japan ). Habitat. Primarily temperate forested habitats. Known from temperate rainforest and other forests in Japan , and from high and low elevations across the islands, appearing to favor higher elevations. Food and Feeding. Feeds on flying insects, often in forests. Details of diet unknown in the wild, but one was seen catching a dragonfly. In captivity, ate house flies ( Musca domestica), Coleoptera , and Orthoptera , consuming more than 3 g /day. When foraging, flies low and can hover; may glean insects off the ground. in captivity, observed flycatching. Breeding. Births occur from late Mayto lateJuly, inJapan, with littersize of 1-2. A female with an infant was found in the same tree-cavity roost as eight infants at different stages of development. Females enter estrusin their first autumn and probably breed that same year. Males seemed to disperse more widely than females in Yakushima (85 bats studied), but in Hokkaido (28 bats studied) no strong population structure was detected; contrast ing environmental conditions may lead to different dispersal patterns in the two regions. Activity patterns. Ussuri Tube-nosed Bats leave their roosts shortly after sunset to forage throughout the night. Adult females in a maternity colony in Yakushima left their roosts to forage 13-47 minutes after sunset with some volant young. Mothers were observed returning to the roost ¢.30 minuteslater, repeatedly hovering around the roost, landing, then leaving again throughout the night. During summer and autumn, bats roost at varioussites, including foliage (usually dead), tree cavities, under bark, on the ground, tree canopies, abandoned mines and tunnels, and buildings; when roosting in foliage, they tend to prefer larger leaves; one was seen under the frost cover on a chrysanthemum. They appearto prefer roosts close to the ground in foliage; however, maternity colonies seem to prefer to roost in tree canopies rather than close to the ground. While roosting during the day, they become torpid, with body temperature lowering nearly to ambient temperature: in Sapporo, Japan , torpid bats at the roost had body temperatures of 19-6°C, 16-9°C, and 17-2°C with ambient temperatures of 20-2°C, 17:-4°C, and 18:2°C, respectively. They hibernate from early December to late February, and will do so under snow. Snow hibernacula are generally pitshaped; the bat may land on the snow, dig a small depression less than 10 cm deep, and then be covered by snow. The species will also use tree-cavity roosts during winter. When hibernating, the bat typically curls into a small ball, pulling the uropatagium over face and wings. Calls are a steep FM sweep with average start frequency of 112-6 kHz (90-136-6 kHz), end frequency 50-7 kHz (44-9-58-4 kHz), peak frequency 86-3 (81:5-89-8 kHz), and duration 1-7 milliseconds (1-4-1 milliseconds) in Hokkaido , Japan . In Kyushu, Japan , average end frequency was 51-6 kHz (40-4-63-8 kHz) and peak frequency 61-9 kHz (52-69 kHz). In South Korea , average start frequencies were 114-8-133-4 kHz, end frequencies 41-2-51 kHz, peak frequencies 70-82-9 kHz, durations 1-6—4-7 milliseconds, and interpulse intervals 48-9-78.6 milliseconds. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Appears to roost solitarily, especially while hibernating, but during summer and autumn it can be found roosting in small groups of2-5 or alone. During breeding, females and their young form small maternity colonies. It switches roosts often, and maternity colonies may switch every day during summer. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. Widespread but locally rare. One individual in north-east China was the first bat in Asia to test positive for the Pseudogymnoascus destructans fungus that causes White-nosed Syndrome. Bibliography. Abe et al. (2005), Flanders et al. (2016), Fukui , Agetsuma & Hill (2004), Fukui , Hill, Kim Sun-Sook & Han Sang-Hoon (2015), Fukui , Hill & Matsumura (2012), Fukui , Maeda et al. (2005), Funakoshi, Nagaoka etal. (2009), Funakoshi, Tamari et al. (2016), Gorobeyko & Kartavtseva (2018), Harada et al. (1987a), Hirakawa (2006, 2007), Hirakawa & Fukui (2009), Hirakawa & Kawai (2006), Hirakawa & Kosaka (2009), Hirakawa & Nagasaka (2018), Hoyt et al. (2016), Jo Yeong-Seok et al. (2018), Kawaiet al. (2014), Koyanagi & Tsuji (2006), Kruskop (2005), Kuroda (1969), Maeda (1980), Matsuoka (2008), Nguyen Truong Son et al. (2015), Ohdachi et al. (2009), Smith & Xie Yan (2008), Sotnikov (2005), Tanioka (2016), Tsuchiya (1979), Tsytsulina (2008e), Yoshiyuki (1989), Yukawa (1966).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Murina ussuriensis	Murina	Murina	ussuriensis	Ognev	1913	0	Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg	1.0292	Ussurian Tube-nosed Bat	None.	Russia, SE Siberia, Ussuri, Imansky distr., Evseevka	Ussuri region, Kurile Isls, and Sakhalin (Russia); Korea.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Subgenus Murina . Formerly included in aurata , see Maeda (1980) and Corbet (1978 c ). Japanese populations have beenseparated as M. silvatica .	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Murina ussuriensis	23	Ussuri Tube-nosed Bat	Lesser Tube-nosed Bat|Ussurian Tube-nosed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	MURININAE	NA	Murina	NA	ussuriensis	Ognev	1913	0						Evseevka, Imansky district, Ussuri, south-eastern Siberia, Russia.			ussuriensis Ognev, 1913|silvatica Yoshiyuki, 1983|katerinae Kruskop, 2005	NA	NA	Russia|North Korea|South Korea|Japan|China	Asia	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Murina_ussuriensis	0	sciname match	Murina_ussuriensis	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	80000000	Murina ussuriensis	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Murina	ussuriensis	Ognev, 1913	This species was for a long time considered a subspecies of M. aurata (Kuzyakin 1950, Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951). Its difference from M. aurata was clearly shown on morphological grounds (Maeda 1980) and relation to M. huttoni was supposed by molecular data (Kruskop et al. 2012). M. silvatica , described from Honshu Island as a distinct species, was then considered a subspecies of M. ussuriensis (Maeda 1994, Kruskop 2005, Kawai 2015a). The same can be suggested in relation to M. tenebrosa from Tsushima Island (Kawai 2015b), special molecular studies are required to clarify this question.	20000000	Murina ussuriensis	Least Concern		2019	2018-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species has relatively wide range, and spread across its range. It is not thought to be declining fast enough to be listed in a more threatened category.	It roosts in various types of structural objects such as tree cavity, under bark, foliage and cave (Kawai 2015a). In Russian Far East it is known to make day roosts under the leaves of large herbaceous plants, like Petasites (Red’kin and Ganitsky, 2003, E. Dunayev pers. comm. 2018). Parturition occurs from late May to late July (Funakoshi et al. 2009). The maternity colonies show very frequent roost-switching (Fukui et al. 2012). In winter, this species may roost in tree cavities and inside snow (Kawai 2015a).	This species is threatened by the loss of forest throughout its range, although it is unlikely to be a major threat at present.	This species has a wide distribution range. There is no information on population sizes at present. In Hokkaido, one of the most common species in forests (D. Fukui pers. comm. 2018). It is highly scattered and rare in captures in Russian Far East, but probably due to its shine lifestyle rather than very small population, the latter could by supposed, in particular, based on bat fragments in food remains of the long-eared owl (Rosina and Shokhrin 2011).	Unknown	Restricted to southern part of Russian Far East, the Korean Peninsula, Sakhalin, Kunashir Island, and Japan. Within Japan, it has been recorded from Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, the islands of Tsushima, Yaku-shima and Iki (Kawai 2015a). In China, it has been reported from the provinces of Nei Mongol, Jilin and Heilongjiang (Smith and Xie 2008), but this needs verification, it is possible that these records should be attributed to another Murina species (K. Tsytsulina pers. comm. 2008).	This species has no commercial value and not known to be involved into commercial trade. It can play certain role as a natural controller of forestry pests, but its influence on agriculture in this respect is negligible.	Terrestrial	In China, it is listed as Data Deficient (DD) (Jiang et al. 2016). It is locally protected as a rare species in three Russian regions: in Sakhalin and Khabarovsk regions as rare, and in Primoriye territory as endangered.	Palearctic		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Murina	Murina	ussuriensis	Ognev	1913	0	Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg	1.029167	Ussurian Tube-nosed Bat	silvatica	Russia, SE Siberia, Ussuri, Imansky distr., Evseevka	Ussuri region, Kurile Isls, and Sakhalin (Russia); Korea; Japan, including Tsushima Isls	Not listed.	Least Concern	Subgenus Murina . Formerly included in aurata , see Maeda (1980) and Corbet (1978). Includes silvatica , which has been variously treated as a synonym of ussuriensis (e.g., Fukui et al. 2019), a subspecies of ussuriensis (e.g., Burgin, 2019), or a full species (e.g., Simmons, 2005). Little additional data has been brought to bear on this issue since 2005. Kruskop (2005; abstract) states that “...interrelations between this form and lesser tube-nosed bats from Japan, as well as status of different Japanese populations need further clarification.” However, Kruskop (2005: 97) additionally noted that the difference between ussuriensis and silvatica “to our opinion does not exceed subspecies level." Kruskop et al. (2012) do not test the question of the relationship of Japanese specimens in their molecular analysis. Consequently, we follow Kawai (2015) who treated silvatica as a synonym of ussuriensis and recommended that any species or subspecies reclassification be validated with additional genetic studies.	Murina ussuriensis	1005355	23	Ussuri Tube-nosed Bat	Lesser Tube-nosed Bat|Ussurian Tube-nosed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	MURININAE	NA	Murina	NA	ussuriensis	Ognev	1913	0						Evseevka, Imansky district, Ussuri, south-eastern Siberia, Russia.			ussuriensis Ognev, 1913|silvatica Yoshiyuki, 1983|katerinae Kruskop, 2005	includes silvatica	Kruskop, S. V. (2005). Towards the taxonomy of the Russian Murina (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera). Russian Journal of Theriology. Русский териологический журнал, 4(2), 91-99.				Russia|North Korea|South Korea|Japan|China	Asia	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Murina_ussuriensis	0	sciname match	Murina_ussuriensis	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Murina_ussuriensis	1005355	23	Ussuri Tube-nosed Bat	Lesser Tube-nosed Bat|Ussurian Tube-nosed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Murininae	NA	Murina	NA	ussuriensis	Ognev	0	Murina ussuriensis	Ognev, S.I. 1913. Bemerkungen über die Chiroptera und Insectivora des Ussuri-Landes. Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Imperiale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg 18:401-419.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8508525	ZIN S. 10489	lectotype		Evseevka, Imansky district, Ussuri, south-eastern Siberia, Russia.			includes silvatica	Kruskop, S. V. (2005). Towards the taxonomy of the Russian Murina (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera). Russian Journal of Theriology. Русский териологический журнал, 4(2), 91-99.				Russia|North Korea|South Korea|Japan|China	Asia	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Murina_ussuriensis	0	sciname match	Murina_ussuriensis	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Murina	Murina	ussuriensis	Ognev	1913	0	Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg	1.029167	Ussurian Tube-nosed Bat	silvatica	Russia, SE Siberia, Ussuri, Imansky distr., Evseevka	Ussuri region, Kurile Isls, and Sakhalin (Russia); Korea; Japan, including Tsushima Isls	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/84562332/22095832/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Subgenus Murina. Formerly included in aurata, see Maeda (1980) and Corbet (1978). Includes silvatica, which has been variously treated as a synonym of ussuriensis (e.g., Fukui et al. 2019), a subspecies of ussuriensis (e.g., Burgin, 2019), or a full species (e.g., Simmons, 2005). Little additional data has been brought to bear on this issue since 2005. Kruskop (2005; abstract) states that “...interrelations between this form and lesser tube-nosed bats from Japan, as well as status of different Japanese populations need further clarification.” However, Kruskop (2005: 97) additionally noted that the difference between ussuriensis and silvatica “to our opinion does not exceed subspecies level." Kruskop et al. (2012) do not test the question of the relationship of Japanese specimens in their molecular analysis. Consequently, we follow Kawai (2015) who treated silvatica as a synonym of ussuriensis and recommended that any species or subspecies reclassification be validated with additional genetic studies.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Murina ussuriensis; Murina ussuriensis; Murina ussuriensis; Murina ussuriensis; Murina ussuriensis; Murina ussuriensis; ussuriensis; katerinae; silvatica; ussuriensis; silvatica; katerinae; Murine de; 'Oussouri; Ussuri-Réhrennase; Ratonero narizudo de Ussuri; Lesser Tube-nosed Bat; Ussurian Tube-nosed Bat; Ussuri Tube-nosed Bat; Lesser Tube-nosed Bat; Ussurian Tube-nosed Bat; Ussurian Tube-nosed Bat; Ussurian Tube-nosed Bat; M. ussuriensis