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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L782	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Murina pluvialis	Murina pluvialis	Murina pluvialis	Murina pluvialis	Murina pluvialis	Murina pluvialis	Murina pluvialis	Murina pluvialis	Murina pluvialis		[HMW] Murina pluvialis Ruedi, Biswas & Csorba, 2012 , “ India , Meghalaya , Khasi Hills, village of Laitkynxew, 780 m a.s.l.(metres above sea level); geographic coordinates: N 25°13’ , E 91°40’ . Relationships unclear; see M. jaintiana. Specimens now attributed to this species were previously included in M. cyclotis . Monotypic.; [MDD2022] recently described; [IUCN] Specimens of <span lang="EN-US">this medium-sized, reddish species of Murina were previously included in <a name="_GoBack"></a>Murina cyclotis (Bates and Harrison 1997). However, it is readily distinguished by its predominantly dark belly, whereas other species in the M. cylotis group have light ventral fur, especially at the hair basis<span lang="FR-CH">. M. pluvialis also differs by at least 16% sequence divergence at the cytochrome b gene from any other sequenced species (Ruedi et al . 2012). As both M. pluvialis and M. cyclotis occur in similar habitats in Meghalaya, India (M. Ruedi, pers. obs.) and because they were previously confused (e.g. Bates and Harrison 1997), their relative distribution and abundance in the region is not properly known.</span>; [MDD2025_2.0] recently described; [MDD2025_2.2] recently described														pluvialis	Specimens of <span lang="EN-US">this medium-sized, reddish species of Murina were previously included in <a name="_GoBack"></a>Murina cyclotis (Bates and Harrison 1997). However, it is readily distinguished by its predominantly dark belly, whereas other species in the M. cylotis group have light ventral fur, especially at the hair basis<span lang="FR-CH">. M. pluvialis also differs by at least 16% sequence divergence at the cytochrome b gene from any other sequenced species (Ruedi et al . 2012). As both M. pluvialis and M. cyclotis occur in similar habitats in Meghalaya, India (M. Ruedi, pers. obs.) and because they were previously confused (e.g. Bates and Harrison 1997), their relative distribution and abundance in the region is not properly known.</span>				pluvialis			pluvialis Ruedi, J. Biswas, & Csorba, 2012						N/A																																								NA																											4C3D87E8FF6E6AD1FA4093B816C4B046	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	910	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FF6E6AD1FA4093B816C4B046.xml	Murina pluvialis	Vespertilionidae	Murina	pluvialis	Ruedi, Biswas & Csorba	2012	Murine des pluies @fr | Regenwald-Rohrennase @de | Ratonero narizudo lluvioso @es	Murina pluvialis Ruedi, Biswas & Csorba, 2012 , “ India , Meghalaya , Khasi Hills, village of Laitkynxew, 780 m a.s.l.(metres above sea level); geographic coordinates: N 25°13’ , E 91°40’ . Relationships unclear; see M. jaintiana. Specimens now attributed to this species were previously included in M. cyclotis . Monotypic.	Known only from Mawphlang and E Khasi Hills, Meghalaya , NE India .	Head-body 44 mm , tail 34 mm , ear 16 mm , hindfoot 6- 5 mm , forearm 36- 6 mm . Fur is long and silky; dorsally reddish brown (hairs with very dark brown basal third, yellowish-reddish middle band, and bright red tip, lacking shiny guard hairs); ventrally silvery gray (hairs dark gray on basal half, silvery gray to tip). Dorsal pelage extends sparsely onto wings, uropatagium, thumbs, and feet. Face is sparsely haired except long protuberant nostrils, which are naked. Ears are short, broad, and evenly rounded with smoothly convex anterior margins, lacking notch on posterior margin, with broadly rounded tip; tragusis long, narrow, and tapering toward pointed tip. Wing attaches to base of claw on first toe. Skull is medium-sized with domed braincase and non-inflated rostrum; sagittal crest is moderately developed, lambdoidal crests well developed; basal area of C' is equal to that of P*; P* is roughly two-thirds the height of P*; mesostyles of M' and M? are reduced but have distinct cusps; talonid of M, and M, is equal to their respective trigonid.	Dense evergreen and semideciduous forests, at elevations of 780-1200 m .	No information.	No information.	No information.	No information.	Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. Rainforest Tube-nosed Bat currently known only from a specimen collected in 2011, and 28 others collected more than 70 years ago from around Mawphlang.	Ruedi & Csorba (2017b) | Ruedi, Biswas & Csorba (2012)	https://zenodo.org/record/6398574/files/figure.png	336. Rainforest Tube-nosed Bat Murina pluvialis French: Murine des pluies / German: Regenwald-Rohrennase / Spanish: Ratonero narizudo lluvioso Taxonomy. Murina pluvialis Ruedi, Biswas & Csorba, 2012 , “ India , Meghalaya , Khasi Hills, village of Laitkynxew, 780 m a.s.l.(metres above sea level); geographic coordinates: N 25°13’ , E 91°40’ . Relationships unclear; see M. jaintiana. Specimens now attributed to this species were previously included in M. cyclotis . Monotypic. Distribution. Known only from Mawphlang and E Khasi Hills, Meghalaya , NE India . Descriptive notes. Head-body 44 mm , tail 34 mm , ear 16 mm , hindfoot 6- 5 mm , forearm 36- 6 mm . Fur is long and silky; dorsally reddish brown (hairs with very dark brown basal third, yellowish-reddish middle band, and bright red tip, lacking shiny guard hairs); ventrally silvery gray (hairs dark gray on basal half, silvery gray to tip). Dorsal pelage extends sparsely onto wings, uropatagium, thumbs, and feet. Face is sparsely haired except long protuberant nostrils, which are naked. Ears are short, broad, and evenly rounded with smoothly convex anterior margins, lacking notch on posterior margin, with broadly rounded tip; tragusis long, narrow, and tapering toward pointed tip. Wing attaches to base of claw on first toe. Skull is medium-sized with domed braincase and non-inflated rostrum; sagittal crest is moderately developed, lambdoidal crests well developed; basal area of C' is equal to that of P*; P* is roughly two-thirds the height of P*; mesostyles of M' and M? are reduced but have distinct cusps; talonid of M, and M, is equal to their respective trigonid. Habitat. Dense evergreen and semideciduous forests, at elevations of 780-1200 m . Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. No information. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. Rainforest Tube-nosed Bat currently known only from a specimen collected in 2011, and 28 others collected more than 70 years ago from around Mawphlang. Bibliography. Ruedi & Csorba (2017b), Ruedi, Biswas & Csorba (2012).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Murina pluvialis	Murina		pluvialis	Ruedi, Biswas, & Csorba	2012	0	Rev. Suisse de Zool.	119(1): 116	Rainforest Tube-Nosed Bat	None.	India, Meghalaya, Khasi Hills, village of Laitkynsew	Known only from the type locality.	Not listed.	Data Deficient		Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Murina pluvialis	23	Rainforest Tube-nosed Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	MURININAE	NA	Murina	NA	pluvialis	Ruedi, Biswas, & Csorba	2012	0	Murina_pluvialis	Ruedi, M., Biswas, J., & Csorba, G. (2012). Bats from the wet: two new species of Tube-nosed bats(Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Meghalaya, India. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 119(1), 116.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47870140#page/120/mode/1up	MHNG 1976.071		"India, Meghalaya, Khasi Hills, village of Laitkynxew, 780 m a.s.l.(metres above sea level); geographic coordinates: N 25°13', E 91°40'."	25.217	91.667	pluvialis Ruedi, Biswas, & Csorba, 2012	recently described	Ruedi, M., Biswas, J., & Csorba, G. (2012). Bats from the wet: two new species of Tube-nosed bats(Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Meghalaya, India. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 119(1), 111-135.	India	Asia	Indomalaya	DD	0	0	0	Murina_pluvialis	0	unmatched	NA	1	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	80000000	Murina pluvialis	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Murina	pluvialis	Ruedi, Biswas &; Csorba, 2012	Specimens of <span lang="EN-US">this medium-sized, reddish species of Murina were previously included in <a name="_GoBack"></a>Murina cyclotis (Bates and Harrison 1997). However, it is readily distinguished by its predominantly dark belly, whereas other species in the M. cylotis group have light ventral fur, especially at the hair basis<span lang="FR-CH">. M. pluvialis also differs by at least 16% sequence divergence at the cytochrome b gene from any other sequenced species (Ruedi et al . 2012). As both M. pluvialis and M. cyclotis occur in similar habitats in Meghalaya, India (M. Ruedi, pers. obs.) and because they were previously confused (e.g. Bates and Harrison 1997), their relative distribution and abundance in the region is not properly known.</span>	80000000	Murina pluvialis	Data Deficient		2017	2016-06-12 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	<p><span lang="EN-US">Besides the type locality and records from another single site in the province of Meghalaya, nothing is known on the distribution and abundance of this recently described taxon.</p>	<p><span lang="EN-US">The known individuals were caught in dense evergreen and semi-deciduous forests. The ecology of this insectivorous species is unknown, but likely to be similar to other Murina of the cyclotis group, i.e. roosting in tree holes or in forest canopy.</p>	<span lang="EN-US">The species is potentially affected by intensive limestone extraction and coal mining, which cause extensive habitat destruction and pollution. The forested areas are also heavily exploited for firewood and regularly burnt for the needs of shifting cultivation practice.	<p><span lang="EN-US">So far, this species is known from only two sites and nothing is known of its abundance or population trends. However, given the relatively large area covered with semi-deciduous forests in its current range, and the fact that it was recorded in disturbed, secondary forests, the species may be relatively common in appropriate habitats.</p>	Unknown	<p>The species is known only from the East Khasi Hills of Meghalaya (north-eastern India). Examination of a series of Murina caught more than 70 years ago in a single site around Mawphlang and held in the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago revealed that 28 of the 30 specimens represent M. pluvialis (M. Ruedi, pers. obs.), suggesting that this bat should be a relatively common in appropriate habitats.</p>		Terrestrial	<p><span lang="EN-US">Given the main threats of habitat destruction, the protection of the remaining forests is essential to the survival of this species.</p>	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Murina		pluvialis	Ruedi, Biswas, & Csorba	2012	0	Rev. Suisse de Zool.	119(1): 116	Rainforest Tube-Nosed Bat	None.	India, Meghalaya, Khasi Hills, village of Laitkynsew	Known only from the type locality.	Not listed.	Data Deficient		Murina pluvialis																																																1	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Murina_pluvialis	1005345	23	Rainforest Tube-nosed Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Murininae	NA	Murina	NA	pluvialis	Ruedi, J. Biswas, & Csorba	0	Murina pluvialis	Ruedi, M., Biswas, J. and Csorba, G. 2012. Bats from the wet: two new species of tube-nosed bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Meghalaya, India. Revue suisse de Zoologie 119(1):111-135.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47870147	MHNG 1976.071	holotype		"India, Meghalaya, Khasi Hills, village of Laitkynxew, 780 m a.s.l.(metres above sea level); geographic coordinates: N 25°13', E 91°40'."	25.21667	91.66667	recently described	Ruedi, M., Biswas, J., & Csorba, G. (2012). Bats from the wet: two new species of Tube-nosed bats(Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Meghalaya, India. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 119(1), 111-135.				India	Asia	Indomalaya	DD	0	0	0	Murina_pluvialis	0	unmatched	NA	1	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Murina		pluvialis	Ruedi, Biswas & Csorba	2012	0	Rev. Suisse de Zool.	119(1): 116	Rainforest Tube-Nosed Bat	None.	India, Meghalaya, Khasi Hills, village of Laitkynsew	Known only from the type locality.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/84548064/84548082/' target='_blank'>Data Deficient</a>			Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Murina pluvialis; Murina pluvialis; Murina pluvialis; Murina pluvialis; Murina pluvialis; pluvialis; Murine des pluies; Regenwald-Rohrennase; Ratonero narizudo lluvioso; Rainforest Tube-nosed Bat; Rainforest Tube-Nosed Bat; M. pluvialis