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authorityParentheses originalNameCombination authoritySpeciesCitation authoritySpeciesLink typeVoucher typeKind typeVoucherURIs typeLocality typeLocalityLatitude typeLocalityLongitude taxonomyNotes taxonomyNotesCitation distributionNotes distributionNotesCitation subregionDistribution countryDistribution continentDistribution biogeographicRealm iucnStatus extinct domestic flagged CMW_sciName diffSinceCMW MSW3_matchtype MSW3_sciName diffSinceMSW3 docOrigin_batnames2025 Family Genus Subgenus Species Author Date Parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses) Citation Pages Common Name Synonyms Type Locality Distribution CITES IUCN Comments column3781 column3791 subtribe CONCAT_ALTNAMES line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L776 application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet Murina leucogaster Murina leucogaster Murina leucogaster Murina leucogaster Murina leucogaster Murina leucogaster Murina leucogaster Murina leucogaster Murina leucogaster Murina leucogaster Murina leucogaster Murina leucogaster Murina leucogaster Murina leucogaster Murina leucogaster [MSW2] Subgenus Murina. Includes hilgendorfi, but see Yoshiyuki (1989).; [MSW3] Subgenus Murina. Does not include hilgendorfi; see Yoshiyuki (1989). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997).; [HMW] Murina leucogaster Milne -Edwards, 1872 , Moupin District, Szechwan, China . Based on limited genetic data, M. leucogaster appears to be closely related to M. bicolor , M. rongjiangensis, M. fanjingshanensis, and M. shuipuensis . M. leucogaster was previously considered to include M. hilgendorfi as a race, but genetic and morphological data support their treatment as separate species. Race rubex was treated as a distinct species by Kuo Haochih and colleagues in 2009, but it is based only on a single specimen and the only major difference is where the foot attaches to the ankle (generally a good way for distinguishing Murina species ); further study needed. Two subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022] Subgenus Murina . Does not include hilgendorfi ; see Yoshiyuki (1989). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997).; [batnames2023] Subgenus Murina . Does not include hilgendorfi ; see Yoshiyuki (1989). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997).; [batnames2025_1.7] Subgenus Murina. Does not include hilgendorfi; see Yoshiyuki (1989). Includes fanjingshanensis, which appears to be a valid species, as an unavailable name. The description of fanjingshanensis appeared in an online only publication, Cave Research, and the work was not registered in ZooBank. Therefore, the work does not meet the publication standard for the ICZN (see Article 8.5). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997). (fusea) hilgendorfi, intermedia, ognevi, rubex, sibirica. hilgendorfi, leucogaster, rubex leucogaster, rubex leucogastra leucogaster, rubex leucogaster, rubex leucogaster - leucogastra leucogaster, rubex leucogaster, rubex leucogaster - leucogastra leucogaster, leucogastra, rubex leucogaster, rubex fanjingshanensis; leucogaster - leucogastra leucogaster A. Milne-Edwards in A. David, 1871|leucogastra O. Thomas, 1899 [unjustified emendation]|rubex O. Thomas, 1916 Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp. Greater tube-nosed bat NE India, S China – E Siberia, Japan Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp. Murina leucogaster China, Szechwan, Moupin. Milne-Edwards 1872 Rech. Hist. Nat. Mamm., p. 252. Distribution: Ranging from south-central Siberia to Sakhalin and south through Japan and China to northeastern India. Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5 Greater tube-nosed bat NE India, China – E Siberia, Japan Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp. Milne-Edwards 1872 Rech. Hist. Nat. Mammif^res, p. 252. Subgenus Murina. Includes hilgendorfi, but see Yoshiyuki (1989). E Himalayas; Shensi, Szechwan, Fukien, and Inner Mongolia (China); Upper Yenisei River (Russia); Altai Mtns (Russia, Kazakhstan and Mongolia); Korea; Ussuri region (Russia); Sakhalin Isl (Russia); Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikiku (Japan). China, Szechwan, Moupin. MILNE-EDWARDS 1872 Anterior rostrum relatively narrow, the upper tooth rows strongly convergent anteriorly. Anterior upper premolar relatively small. Rostrum relatively deep and massive. Size relatively large (forearm length, 40-44 mm). Dorsal surface of uropatagium densely haired. Distribution: Ranging from south-central Siberia to Sakhalin and south through Japan and China to northeastern India. Three subspecies are currently recognized: M. I. hilgendorfi (Siberia, Japan, Korea, and northern China), M. I. leucogaster (southern China), M. I. rubex (northeastern India). The named taxon fuscus (currently in the synonymy of M. I. hilgendorfi) may be a separate species. 132 species M. leucogaster MILNE-EDWARDS 1872 Murina subgenus Murina leucogaster Anterior rostrum relatively narrow, the upper tooth rows strongly convergent anteriorly. Anterior upper premolar relatively small. Rostrum relatively deep and massive. Size relatively large (forearm length, 40-44 mm). Dorsal surface of uropatagium densely haired. Three subspecies are currently recognized: 1. M. leucogaster MILNE-EDWARDS 1872 [suilla group]. 1 _M. l. leucogaster_ Milne-Edwards, 1871; _M. l. rubex_ Thomas, 1916 Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu). CHIROPTERA Vespertilionidae Murininae Murina leucogaster Murina Murina leucogaster Milne-Edwards 1872 Rech. Hist. Nat. Mammifères 252 Greater Tube-nosed Bat China, Szechwan, Moupin Dist. NE India, Nepal, S China, W Thailand. IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc). leucogastra Thomas, 1899; rubex Thomas, 1916. Subgenus Murina. Does not include hilgendorfi; see Yoshiyuki (1989). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997). 4C3D87E8FF686AD7FF3C922D1D5DB7E0 Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions 978-84-16728-19-0 hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32 908 zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FF686AD7FF3C922D1D5DB7E0.xml Murina leucogaster Vespertilionidae Murina leucogaster A. Milne-Edwards 1871 Murine a ventre blanc @fr | Rotliche Rohrennase @de | Ratonero narizudo de vientre blanco @es | Greater Tube-nosed Bat @en Murina leucogaster Milne -Edwards, 1872 , Moupin District, Szechwan, China . Based on limited genetic data, M. leucogaster appears to be closely related to M. bicolor , M. rongjiangensis, M. fanjingshanensis, and M. shuipuensis . M. leucogaster was previously considered to include M. hilgendorfi as a race, but genetic and morphological data support their treatment as separate species. Race rubex was treated as a distinct species by Kuo Haochih and colleagues in 2009, but it is based only on a single specimen and the only major difference is where the foot attaches to the ankle (generally a good way for distinguishing Murina species ); further study needed. Two subspecies recognized. M.l.leucogasterMilne-Edwards,1872—C&EChinaandNVietnam. M. l. rubex Thomas, 1916 — NE India ( West Bengal ); a record from Nepal is not supported by any voucher specimens and is not mapped here. Head-body 47-64 mm , tail 3348 mm , ear 11-20 mm , hindfoot 8-13 mm , forearm 37-47 mm ; weight 7-9 g . Fur is thick and soft; dorsally usually reddish brown to orangish or occasionally brownish (hairs with dark gray roots); ventrally whitish. Distinguished from Hilgendorf’s Tube-nosed Bat ( M. hilgendorfi ) by its more rufous pelage (not brownish gray). Dorsal fur extends lightly onto uropatagium, hindfeet, thumbs, and wings. Wing membrane attaches to base of first toe (base offirst toe's claw in rubex). Face is sparsely covered in hairs except on long, protuberant nostrils, which are naked. Ears are short and broad with smoothly convex anterior margins, distinct notch on posterior margin, and broadly rounded tip; tragusis long, narrow, and tapering toward pointed tip, with slightly convex anterior margin, concave posterior margin above,slightly convex below, and a basal notch. Skull has relatively wide rostrum; sagittal and lambdoidal crests are present but inconspicuous (sagittal crest occasionally missing). I? is anteriorly positioned relative to I’; P? is distinctly less than half P* in size, and the sameis also true for the lower premolars; upper molars have mesostyles; talonids of M, and M, are about two-thirds or more crown area of trigonids. Dental formula for species of Murinais12/3,C1/1,P 2/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 34. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FNa = 58 ( Guizhou , China ). Recorded from pristine forests in Sichuan ; known to forage in both forested and open areas. Found at elevations of 700-2133 m . In China , based on fecal samples, diet consists mainly of smaller diurnal Coleoptera (mostly Cantharidae and Coccinellidae ) with smaller proportions of Hymenoptera , Lepidoptera , Hemiptera , Diptera , and Homoptera. No information. Rufous Tube-nosed Bats roost in caves, trees, and houses. They are known to hibernate in cave crevices during winter, near Beijing . In China ,calls are a steep FM sweep with an average start frequency of 104-1 kHz, end frequency 34-9 kHz, peak frequency 88-8 kHz, duration 4-1 milliseconds, and interpulse interval 63-9 milliseconds. No information. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Bates & Harrison (1997) | Chen Jian et al. (2017) | Csorba & Bates (2005) | Eger & Lim (2011) | Francis (2008a) | Francis & Eger (2012) | Gu Xiaoming (2006) | He Fang et al. (2015) | Kruskop (2005, 2013a) | Kuo Haochih et al. (2009) | Lin Hongjun et al. (2015) | Ma Jie et al. (2008) | Smith & Xie Yan (2008) | Soisook (2013) | Stubbe et al. (2016) | Yoshiyuki (1989) | Zeng Xiang et al. (2018) https://zenodo.org/record/6398555/files/figure.png 327. Rufous Tube-nosed Bat Murina leucogaster French: Murine a ventre blanc / German: Rotliche Rohrennase / Spanish: Ratonero narizudo de vientre blanco Other common names: Greater Tube-nosed Bat Taxonomy. Murina leucogaster Milne -Edwards, 1872 , Moupin District, Szechwan, China . Based on limited genetic data, M. leucogaster appears to be closely related to M. bicolor , M. rongjiangensis, M. fanjingshanensis, and M. shuipuensis . M. leucogaster was previously considered to include M. hilgendorfi as a race, but genetic and morphological data support their treatment as separate species. Race rubex was treated as a distinct species by Kuo Haochih and colleagues in 2009, but it is based only on a single specimen and the only major difference is where the foot attaches to the ankle (generally a good way for distinguishing Murina species ); further study needed. Two subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. M.l.leucogasterMilne-Edwards,1872—C&EChinaandNVietnam. M. l. rubex Thomas, 1916 — NE India ( West Bengal ); a record from Nepal is not supported by any voucher specimens and is not mapped here. Descriptive notes. Head-body 47-64 mm , tail 3348 mm , ear 11-20 mm , hindfoot 8-13 mm , forearm 37-47 mm ; weight 7-9 g . Fur is thick and soft; dorsally usually reddish brown to orangish or occasionally brownish (hairs with dark gray roots); ventrally whitish. Distinguished from Hilgendorf’s Tube-nosed Bat ( M. hilgendorfi ) by its more rufous pelage (not brownish gray). Dorsal fur extends lightly onto uropatagium, hindfeet, thumbs, and wings. Wing membrane attaches to base of first toe (base offirst toe's claw in rubex). Face is sparsely covered in hairs except on long, protuberant nostrils, which are naked. Ears are short and broad with smoothly convex anterior margins, distinct notch on posterior margin, and broadly rounded tip; tragusis long, narrow, and tapering toward pointed tip, with slightly convex anterior margin, concave posterior margin above,slightly convex below, and a basal notch. Skull has relatively wide rostrum; sagittal and lambdoidal crests are present but inconspicuous (sagittal crest occasionally missing). I? is anteriorly positioned relative to I’; P? is distinctly less than half P* in size, and the sameis also true for the lower premolars; upper molars have mesostyles; talonids of M, and M, are about two-thirds or more crown area of trigonids. Dental formula for species of Murinais12/3,C1/1,P 2/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 34. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FNa = 58 ( Guizhou , China ). Habitat. Recorded from pristine forests in Sichuan ; known to forage in both forested and open areas. Found at elevations of 700-2133 m . Food and Feeding. In China , based on fecal samples, diet consists mainly of smaller diurnal Coleoptera (mostly Cantharidae and Coccinellidae ) with smaller proportions of Hymenoptera , Lepidoptera , Hemiptera , Diptera , and Homoptera. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Rufous Tube-nosed Bats roost in caves, trees, and houses. They are known to hibernate in cave crevices during winter, near Beijing . In China ,calls are a steep FM sweep with an average start frequency of 104-1 kHz, end frequency 34-9 kHz, peak frequency 88-8 kHz, duration 4-1 milliseconds, and interpulse interval 63-9 milliseconds. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Bibliography. Bates & Harrison (1997), Chen Jian et al. (2017), Csorba & Bates (2005), Eger & Lim (2011), Francis (2008a), Francis & Eger (2012), Gu Xiaoming (2006), He Fang et al. (2015), Kruskop (2005, 2013a), Kuo Haochih et al. (2009), Lin Hongjun et al. (2015), Ma Jie et al. (2008), Smith & Xie Yan (2008), Soisook (2013), Stubbe et al. (2016), Yoshiyuki (1989), Zeng Xiang et al. (2018). Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022. Vespertilionidae Murina leucogaster Murina Murina leucogaster Milne-Edwards 1872 0 Rech. Hist. Nat. Mammifères p. 252 Greater Tube-nosed Bat leucogastra Thomas, 1899; rubex Thomas, 1916 China, Szechwan, Moupin Dist. NE India, Nepal, S China, W Thailand. Not listed. Least Concern Subgenus Murina . Does not include hilgendorfi ; see Yoshiyuki (1989). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997). Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023 Murina leucogaster 23 Rufous Tube-nosed Bat Greater Tube-nosed Bat Theria Placentalia Boreoeutheria Laurasiatheria CHIROPTERA VESPERTILIONIFORMES NA NA VESPERTILIONOIDEA VESPERTILIONIDAE MURININAE NA Murina NA leucogaster Milne-Edwards 1872 0 Murina_leucogaster Milne-Edwards, H. (1872). Recherches pour servir Ã l'histoire naturelle des mammifÃ¨res: comprenant des considÃ©rations sur la classification de ces animaux. G. Masson, Paris, 252. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122181#page/264/mode/1up MNHN 1870-584 Moupin District, Szechwan, China. leucogaster Milne-Edwards, 1872|rubex O. Thomas, 1916 NA NA India|China|Vietnam Asia Palearctic LC 0 0 0 Murina_leucogaster 0 sciname match Murina_leucogaster 0 IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022]. 13943 Murina leucogaster ANIMALIA CHORDATA MAMMALIA CHIROPTERA VESPERTILIONIDAE Murina leucogaster Milne-Edwards, 1872 20000000 Murina leucogaster Least Concern 2016 2016-01-11 00:00:00 UTC 3.1 English

Fairly wide distributed in SE Asia, and relatively common in some provinces in China, including Beijing, Fujian, Hebei, Guizhou, Guangxi, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang. The taxonomic meaning of the observed variation in mtDNA sequences within the species is not fully understood yet; it may be a species complex and more research is required (Wenhua Yu pers. comm.). ;

Very little is known about the ecology of this species. It forages in both forested and open areas (Smith and Xie 2008) and was caught in pristine forest in Sichuan using harp trap (Wenhua Yu pers. comm.). In China this species is known to roost in caves, in trees, and in houses. Near Beijing (at the northern limit of its distribution) it is known to hibernate in cave crevices (Li Feng pers. comm.).

No available data, although as logging activity increases, habitat loss may constitute a threat in the future. The Rufous Tube-nosed Bat (M. leucogaster ) ;is a relatively common species in huge areas in China (Csorba pers. comm.). Unknown

Currently accepted distribution includes West Bengal, India (Bates and Harrison 1997), China (Feng et al . 1986, Hu and Wang 1982, Smith and Xie 2008, Wang 1992, Wu 1982, Zhang 1997;), Vietnam (Hendricksen et al ., 2001). A specimen reported by McBee et al. (1986) from Thailand was mis-identified and represents M. harrisoni (Francis and Eger 2012). The Nepalese record is not substantiated by any voucher and the frequently referred individual (collected by Scully in 1887 in the Kathmandu Valley) most probably represents M. huttoni (Pearch 2011). The speciesâ€™ occurrence in Bhutan is not supported by any data. Specimens reported previously from the Russian Federation, Japan, Mongolia, North and South Korea and North China as this species are, in fact, M. hilgendorfi (G. Csorba pers. comm.).

Terrestrial

Occurs in several protected areas. Due to its natural rarity outside of China, conservation measures are required. Further research on all aspects of ecology and population trends is strongly recommended.

Indomalayan FALSE FALSE Global Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 Vespertilionidae Murina Murina leucogaster Milne-Edwards 1872 0 Rech. Hist. Nat. Mammifères p. 252 Greater Tube-nosed Bat leucogastra Thomas, 1899; rubex Thomas, 1916 China, Szechwan, Moupin Dist. NE India, Nepal, S China, W Thailand. Not listed. Least Concern Subgenus Murina . Does not include hilgendorfi ; see Yoshiyuki (1989). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997). Murina leucogaster 0 Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393 Murina_leucogaster 1005341 23 Rufous Tube-nosed Bat Greater Tube-nosed Bat Theria Placentalia Boreoeutheria Laurasiatheria Chiroptera Yangochiroptera NA NA Vespertilionoidea Vespertilionidae Murininae NA Murina NA leucogaster A. Milne-Edwards in A. David 0 Murina leucogaster David, A. 1871. Rapport adressÃ© Ã MM. les professeurs-administrateurs du MusÃ©um d'Histoire naturelle. Nouvelles archives du MusÃ©um d'histoire naturelle (1)7(Bulletin):75-100. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13959897 MNHN-ZM-MO-1870-584 holotype http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/zm/mo-1870-584 Moupin District, Szechwan, China. NA NA India|China|Vietnam Asia Palearctic LC 0 0 0 Murina_leucogaster 0 sciname match Murina_leucogaster 0 Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586 Vespertilionidae Murina Murina leucogaster Milne-Edwards in David 1871 0 Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. ser. 1, tome 7: text and footnote p. 91 Greater Tube-nosed Bat leucogastra Thomas, 1899; rubex Thomas, 1916 China, Szechwan, Moupin Dist. NE India, Nepal, S China, W Thailand. Not Listed Least Concern Subgenus Murina. Does not include hilgendorfi; see Yoshiyuki (1989). Includes fanjingshanensis, which appears to be a valid species, as an unavailable name. The description of fanjingshanensis appeared in an online only publication, Cave Research, and the work was not registered in ZooBank. Therefore, the work does not meet the publication standard for the ICZN (see Article 8.5). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997). Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505 NA Murina leucogaster; Murina leucogaster; Murina leucogaster; Murina leucogaster; Murina leucogaster; Murina leucogaster; leucogaster; rubex; leucogastra; leucogaster; rubex; rubex; leucogastra; leucogaster; rubex; Murine a ventre blanc; Rotliche Rohrennase; Ratonero narizudo de vientre blanco; Greater Tube-nosed Bat; Rufous Tube-nosed Bat; Greater Tube-nosed Bat; Greater Tube-nosed Bat; Greater Tube-nosed Bat; M. leucogaster