http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom	http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/format	name_CH1_1980	name_MSW1_1982	name_CH3_1991	name_MSW2_1993	name_Koopman_1994	name_MSW3_2005	name_HMW_2019	name_BatNames_2022	name_MDD_2022	name_IUCN_2022	name_BatNames_2023	name_MDD_2023	name_MDD_2025_2.0	name_batnames_2025_1.7	name_MDD_2025_2.2	column151	taxonomic_notes_concatenated	column171	synonyms_CH1	subspecies__MSW2	synonyms__MSW1	synonyms_CH3	synonyms_MSW2	subspecies_Koopman94_interpreted	subspecies_MSW3_interpreted	synonym_MSW3_interpreted	subspecies_HMW_interpreted	synonym_HMW_interpreted	subspecies_batnames_interpreted	synonym_batnames_interpreted	synonym_MDD_interpreted	synonym_IUCN_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2025_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2025_interpreted	synonyms_batnames2025_interpreted	nominalNames	column391	docOrigin_CH1	commonName_CH1	distribution_CH1	docOrigin_MSW1	column451	typeLocality_MSW1	authority_MSW1	year_MSW1	citation_MSW1	distribution	comment_MSW1	docOrigin_CH3	commonName_CH3	distribution_CH3	docOrigin_MSW2	authority_MSW2	year_MSW2	citation_MSW2	comments_MSW2	distribution_MSW2	typeLocality_MSW2	docOrigin_Koopman94	authority_Koopman94	year_Koopman94	description_Koopman94	distribution_Koopman94	diversity_Koopman94	subspecies_Koopman94	page	rank	name	authority	year	parent	parent_rank	corrected_name	actual_species_count	claimed_species_count	dental_formula	description	diversity	full_subspecies_text	name_line	species_index	subspecies	synonym	text	docOrigin_MSW3	order_MSW3	family_MSW3	subfamily_MSW3	tribe_MSW3	name_MSW3	genus_MSW3	subgenus_MSW3	species_MSW3	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MSW3	(parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)_MSW3	authoritySpeciesYear_MSW3	actualDate_MSW3	citation_MSW3	volume_MSW3	issue_MSW3	pages_MSW3	type_species_MSW3	commonName_MSW3	typeLocality_MSW3	distribution_MSW3	status_MSW3	synonym_MSW3	comments_MSW3	docId_HMW	docOrigin_HMW	docISBN_HMW	docName_HMW	docMasterId_HMW	docPageNumber_HMW	derivedFrom_HMW	name_HMW	family_HMW	genus_HMW	species_HMW	authoritySpeciesAuthor_HMW	authoritySpeciesYear	commonNames_HMW	taxonomy_HMW	subspeciesAndDistribution_HMW	descriptiveNotes_HMW	habitat_HMW	foodAndFeeding_HMW	breeding_HMW	activityPatterns_HMW	movementsHomeRangeAndSocialOrganization_HMW	statusAndConservation_HMW	bibliography_HMW	distributionImageURL_HMW	verbatimText_HMW	docOrigin_batnames	family_batnames	name_batnames	genus_batnames	subgenus_batnames	species_batnames	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames	date_batnames	parentheses_batnames (1=author & date in parentheses)	citation_batnames	docPageNumber_batnames	common Name_batnames	synonyms_batnames	type_locality_batnames	Distribution_batnames	CITES_batnames	IUCN_batnames	comments_batnames	docOrigin_MDD	name_MDD	phylosort_MDD	mainCommonName_MDD	otherCommonNames_MDD	subclass_MDD	infraclass_MDD	magnorder_MDD	superorder_MDD	order_MDD	suborder_MDD	infraorder_MDD	parvorder_MDD	superfamily_MDD	family_MDD	subfamily_MDD	tribe_MDD	genus_MDD	subgenus_MDD	specificEpithet_MDD	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD	authorityParentheses_MDD	originalNameCombination_MDD	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD	holotypeVoucher_MDD	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD	typeLocality_MDD	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD	nominalNames_MDD	taxonomyNotes_MDD	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD	countryDistribution_MDD	continentDistribution_MDD	biogeographicRealm_MDD	iucnStatus_MDD	extinct_MDD	domestic_MDD	flagged_MDD	CMW_sciName_MDD	diffSinceCMW_MDD	MSW3_matchtype_MDD	MSW3_sciName_MDD	diffSinceMSW3_MDD	docOrigin_IUCN	internalTaxonId_IUCN	NAME_IUCN	kingdomName_IUCN	phylumName_IUCN	className_IUCN	orderName_IUCN	familyName_IUCN	genusName_IUCN	speciesName_IUCN	authoritySpeciesAuthorYear_IUCN	taxonomicNotes_IUCN	assessmentId_IUCN	scientificName_IUCN	redlistCategory_IUCN	redlistCriteria_IUCN	yearPublished_IUCN	assessmentDate_IUCN	criteriaVersion_IUCN	language_IUCN	rationale_IUCN	habitat_IUCN	threats_IUCN	population_IUCN	populationTrend_IUCN	range_IUCN	useTrade_IUCN	systems_IUCN	conservationActions_IUCN	realm_IUCN	yearLastSeen_IUCN	possiblyExtinct_IUCN	possiblyExtinctInTheWild_IUCN	scopes_IUCN	docOrigin_batnames2023	FAMILY_batnames2023	GENUS_batnames2023	SUBGENUS_batnames2023	SPECIES_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesYearbatnames2023	PARENTHESES_batnames2023 (1=AUTHOR & DATE IN PARENTHESES)	CITATION_batnames2023	PAGES_batnames2023	COMMON NAME_batnames2023	SYNONYMS_batnames2023	TYPE LOCALITY_batnames2023	DISTRIBUTION_batnames2023	CITES_batnames2023	IUCN_batnames2023	COMMENTS_batnames2023	name MDD2023	id_MDD2023	phylosort_MDD2023	mainCommonName_MDD2023	otherCommonNames_MDD2023	subclass_MDD2023	infraclass_MDD2023	magnorder_MDD2023	superorder_MDD2023	order_MDD2023	suborder_MDD2023	infraorder_MDD2023	parvorder_MDD2023	superfamily_MDD2023	Family_mdd2023	subfamily_MDD2023	tribe_MDD2023	genus_MDD2023	subgenus_MDD2023	specificEpithet_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD2023	authorityParentheses_MDD2023	originalNameCombination_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD2023	holotypeVoucher_MDD2023	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD2023	typeLocality_MDD2023	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD2023	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD2023	nominalNames_MDD2023	taxonomyNotes_MDD2023	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD2023	distributionNotes_MDD2023	distributionNotesCitation_MDD2023	subregionDistribution_MDD2023	countryDistribution_MDD2023	continentDistribution_MDD2023	biogeographicRealm_MDD2023	iucnStatus_MDD2023	extinct_MDD2023	domestic_MDD2023	flagged_MDD2023	CMW_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceCMW_MDD2023	MSW3_matchtype_MDD2023	MSW3_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceMSW3_MDD2023	docOrigin_MDD2025	sciName	id	phylosort	mainCommonName	otherCommonNames	subclass	infraclass	magnorder	superorder	order	suborder	infraorder	parvorder	superfamily	family	subfamily	tribe	genus	subgenus	specificEpithet	authoritySpeciesAuthor	authorityParentheses	originalNameCombination	authoritySpeciesCitation	authoritySpeciesLink	typeVoucher	typeKind	typeVoucherURIs	typeLocality	typeLocalityLatitude	typeLocalityLongitude	taxonomyNotes	taxonomyNotesCitation	distributionNotes	distributionNotesCitation	subregionDistribution	countryDistribution	continentDistribution	biogeographicRealm	iucnStatus	extinct	domestic	flagged	CMW_sciName	diffSinceCMW	MSW3_matchtype	MSW3_sciName	diffSinceMSW3	docOrigin_batnames2025	Family	Genus	Subgenus	Species	Author	Date	Parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L750	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Emballonura nigrescens	Emballonura nigrescens	Emballonura nigrescens	Mosia nigrescens	Emballonura nigrescens	Mosia nigrescens	Mosia nigrescens	Mosia nigrescens	Mosia nigrescens	Mosia nigrescens	Mosia nigrescens	Mosia nigrescens	Mosia nigrescens	Mosia nigrescens	Mosia nigrescens		[MSW2] Subgenus Mosia. Includes papuana; see Laurie and Hill (1954:49). Includes solomonis, considered a distinct species by McKean (1972:35).; [MSW3] Includes papuana; see Laurie and Hill (1954) and Hill (1983). Includes solomonis, considered a distinct species by McKean (1972). See Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).; [HMW] Mosia nigrescens J. E. Gray, 1843 , “ South America?” Corrected by G. E. Dobson in 1878 to “Amboina [= Ambon Island, Maluku Islands , Indonesia ].” Assignments of subspecies is based on morphological analysis of G. H. H. Tate and R. Archbold in 1939 and molecular analysis of D. J. Colgan and S. Soheili in 2008, but some affiliations are surmised based on geographical proximity. Additional molecular studies are needed to fully clarify subspecific taxonomy. Three subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022] Includes papuana ; see Laurie and Hill (1954) and Hill (1983). Includes solomonis , considered a distinct species by McKean(1972). However, the limits of these subspecies is not entirely clear; see Colgan and Soheili (2008). See Flannery (1995 a , b ) and Bonaccorso (1998).; [IUCN] Formerly included in the genus Emballonura . <span> Mosia nigrescens Contains three subspecies: M. n. nigrogriseus (type locality Amboina Island, Moluccas, Indonesia); M. n. papuanus on mainland New Guinea; and M. n. solomonis on Manus Island, the Bismarck islands, Bougainville and the Solomon Islands (Simmons 2005).; [batnames2023] Includes papuana ; see Laurie and Hill (1954) and Hill (1983). Includes solomonis , considered a distinct species by McKean(1972). However, the limits of these subspecies is not entirely clear; see Colgan and Soheili (2008). See Flannery (1995 a , b ) and Bonaccorso (1998).; [batnames2025_1.7] Includes papuana; see Laurie and Hill (1954) and Hill (1983). Includes solomonis, considered a distinct species by McKean(1972). However, the limits of these subspecies is not entirely clear; see Colgan and Soheili (2008). See Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).				papuana		papuana, solomonis.	nigrescens, papuana, solomonis	nigrescens, papuana, solomonis		nigrescens, papuana, solomonis		nigrescens, papuana, solomonis		nigrescens, solomonis, papuana	Formerly included in the genus Emballonura . <span> Mosia nigrescens Contains three subspecies: M. n. nigrogriseus (type locality Amboina Island, Moluccas, Indonesia); M. n. papuanus on mainland New Guinea; and M. n. solomonis on Manus Island, the Bismarck islands, Bougainville and the Solomon Islands (Simmons 2005).	nigrescens, papuana, solomonis		nigrescens, solomonis, papuana	nigrescens, solomonis, papuana	nigrescens, papuana, solomonis		nigrescens J. E. Gray, 1843|solomonis (O. Thomas, 1904)|papuana (O. Thomas, 1914)		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		Celebes – Solomons	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Emballonura nigrescens	Indonesia, Molucca Isis., Amboina Isl.	Gray	1843	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, 11:117.	Distribution: Same as subgenus.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5		Sulawesi – Solomons	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Gray	1843	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1], 11:117.	Subgenus Mosia. Includes papuana; see Laurie and Hill (1954:49). Includes solomonis, considered a distinct species by McKean (1972:35).	New Guinea; Kei Isis, Halmahera Isis, Schouten Isis, Sulawesi, Amboina, and Buru (Indonesia); Bismarck Arch. (Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isis; adjacent small islands.	Indonesia, Molucca Isis, Amboina Isl.		GRAY	1843	Postorbital crests confluent with sagittal crest. Basisphenoid pits deep but not extending into alisphenoids, median septum absent.	Distribution: Same as subgenus.	Three currently recognized subspecies:	E. n. nigrescens (known only from central Moluccas), E. n. papuana (Celebes, northern Moluccas, Keis, New Guinea), E. n. solomonis (Bismarcks, Solomons, perhaps Woodlard island in the Trobriands).	44	species	E. nigrescens	GRAY	1843	Mosia	subgenus	Emballonura nigrescens				Postorbital crests confluent with sagittal crest. Basisphenoid pits deep but not extending into alisphenoids, median septum absent.	Three currently recognized subspecies:		1. E. nigrescens (GRAY 1843).	1	_M. n. nigrescens_ Gray, 1843; _M. n. papuana_ (Thomas, 1914); _M. n. solomonis_ (Thomas, 1904)			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Emballonuridae	Emballonurinae		Mosia nigrescens	Mosia		nigrescens	Gray		1843		Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1]	11		117		Dark Sheath-tailed Bat	Indonesia, Molucca Isls, Amboina Isl.	New Guinea; New Ireland (Papua New Guinea); Kai Isls, Halmahera Isls, Schouten Isls, Sulawesi, Moluccas Isls; Waigeo Isl. (Prov. of Papua, Indonesia), Bismarck Arch. (Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isls; adjacent small islands.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	papuana Thomas, 1914; solomonis Thomas, 1904.	Includes papuana; see Laurie and Hill (1954) and Hill (1983). Includes solomonis, considered a distinct species by McKean (1972). See Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	03D587F2FFC14C0BF8FA3E26F90BF78A	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Emballorunidae.pdf.imd	hash://md5/ffecff8affcf4c04ffa53577fff8ffe9	363	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/D5/87/03D587F2FFC14C0BF8FA3E26F90BF78A.xml	Mosia nigrescens	Emballonuridae	Mosia	nigrescens	J. E. Gray	1843	Dark Sheath-tailed Bat @en | Emballonure sombre @fr | Dunkle reischwanzfledermaus @de | Embalonuro oscuro @es | Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat @en	Mosia nigrescens J. E. Gray, 1843 , “ South America?” Corrected by G. E. Dobson in 1878 to “Amboina [= Ambon Island, Maluku Islands , Indonesia ].” Assignments of subspecies is based on morphological analysis of G. H. H. Tate and R. Archbold in 1939 and molecular analysis of D. J. Colgan and S. Soheili in 2008, but some affiliations are surmised based on geographical proximity. Additional molecular studies are needed to fully clarify subspecific taxonomy. Three subspecies recognized.	M. n. nigrescensJ. E. Gray, 1843 - G Moluccas, including Bum , Seram, Ambon, and possibly other islands in that island group. M. n. papuana Thomas, 1914 - Sulawesi, N Moluccas (Morotai, Halmahera, Ternate , Bacan), Sula Is (Senana), Raja Ampat Is ( Waigeo , Batanta, Salawati), New Guinea (including Supiori and Biak on Schouten Is and Umboi I) and Woodlark Is (Woodlark, Alcester), and Kai Is. Recent molecular work seems to indicate that papuana might include populations from Admiralty Is (Manus and Los Negros). M. n. solomonisThomas, 1904-Bismarck Archipelago (New Ireland, Duke ofYork, and New Britain Is), and in N Solomons (Buka, Nissan, Bougainville, Fauro, Shortland, Vella Lavella, New Georgia, Russell, Savo, Florida, Guadalcanal, Malaita, Makira, and Uki Ni Masi Is). Also present on Emirau I (Bismarck Archipelago), but subspecies not known.	Head-body 30-45 mm, tail 7-17-5 mm, ear 9-15 mm, hindfoot 4-7 mm, forearm 30-1-37-9 mm; weight 2-5-5-7 g. The Dark Sheath-tailed Bat is one of the smallest bats in the world. It is sexually dimorphic in body size, with females larger than males. Subspecies solomonis tends to be slightly larger on average than papuana in New Guinea. Silky dorsum is uniformly pale to medium gray-brown (raw umber); venter is somewhat paler gray-brown or bufiy brown. Ear is narrow and blundy rounded at apex. Inner surface of pinna is ribbed and sparsely haired along medial margin. Tragus is longer than broad, with blunt tip. Muzzle is short and blunt, having widely separated nostrils at anterior end. Breeding males have long phallus, nearly equal in length to tibia. Dental formula is I 2/3, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 34.	Wide variety of lowland and montane primary and secondary habitats, including humid tropical broadleaf forests, mangroves, coconut groves, rural gardens, clearings, and villages from sea level to elevations of c .1600 m.	Dark Sheath-tailed Bats forage for very small insects aerially and gleaning off foliage from near ground level into canopies. Wingless ants were a major dietary component in one study of 44 stomach contents.	Female Dark Sheath-tailed Bats likely give birth to single young twice a year. In Papua New Guinea, pregnant females are reported in February , May,June, andJuly.	The Dark Sheath-tailed Bat is crepuscular and roosts under large leaves and fronds of palms, bananas, and ginger; in limestone cave entrances; and under rock overhangs and house roofs. Leaf roosts can be as low as 1 -5 m aboveground. Dark Sheath-tailed Bats emerge in late afternoon twilight to forage in well-shaded forest understories.	When roosting in foliage, as is common, group size is regularly 2-6 individuals, with only one individual clinging to the leaf surface by its feet and thumbs and the others adpressed dorsum to venter in a stacked column. These small groups are composed of mixed sex adults and young. Four individuals roosted in such a manner under a fishtail palm ( Caryota , Arecaceae ) in Kau Wildlife Area, Madang, Papua New Guinea, and this behavior was thought to conserve heat and avoid going into torpor where forest shade temperatures are typically 10-12°C lower than body temperatures. Dark Sheath-tailed Bats are alert all day and instandy fly off if approached too closely.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Dark Sheath-tailed Bat has a large distribution and presumably large and stable overall population, and it is tolerant of habitat modification. It occurs in protected areas including Kau Wildlife Area, Madang, Papua New Guinea.	Bonaccorso (1998) | Bonaccorso & Leary (2008b) | Colgan & Soheili (2008) | Dobson (1878) | Flannery (1995a, 1995 b) | McKean (1972) | Smith & Hood (1981) | Tate & Archbold (1939a) | Vestjens & Hall (1977)	https://zenodo.org/record/3747960/files/figure.png	32 . Dark Sheath-tailed Bat Mosia nigrescens French: Emballonure sombre / German: Dunkle reischwanzfledermaus / Spanish: Embalonuro oscuro Other common names: Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat Taxonomy . Mosia nigrescens J. E. Gray, 1843 , “ South America?” Corrected by G. E. Dobson in 1878 to “Amboina [= Ambon Island, Maluku Islands , Indonesia ].” Assignments of subspecies is based on morphological analysis of G. H. H. Tate and R. Archbold in 1939 and molecular analysis of D. J. Colgan and S. Soheili in 2008, but some affiliations are surmised based on geographical proximity. Additional molecular studies are needed to fully clarify subspecific taxonomy. Three subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. M. n. nigrescensJ. E. Gray, 1843 - G Moluccas, including Bum , Seram, Ambon, and possibly other islands in that island group. M. n. papuana Thomas, 1914 - Sulawesi, N Moluccas (Morotai, Halmahera, Ternate , Bacan), Sula Is (Senana), Raja Ampat Is ( Waigeo , Batanta, Salawati), New Guinea (including Supiori and Biak on Schouten Is and Umboi I) and Woodlark Is (Woodlark, Alcester), and Kai Is. Recent molecular work seems to indicate that papuana might include populations from Admiralty Is (Manus and Los Negros). M. n. solomonisThomas, 1904-Bismarck Archipelago (New Ireland, Duke ofYork, and New Britain Is), and in N Solomons (Buka, Nissan, Bougainville, Fauro, Shortland, Vella Lavella, New Georgia, Russell, Savo, Florida, Guadalcanal, Malaita, Makira, and Uki Ni Masi Is). Also present on Emirau I (Bismarck Archipelago), but subspecies not known. Descriptive notes. Head-body 30-45 mm, tail 7-17-5 mm, ear 9-15 mm, hindfoot 4-7 mm, forearm 30-1-37-9 mm; weight 2-5-5-7 g. The Dark Sheath-tailed Bat is one of the smallest bats in the world. It is sexually dimorphic in body size, with females larger than males. Subspecies solomonis tends to be slightly larger on average than papuana in New Guinea. Silky dorsum is uniformly pale to medium gray-brown (raw umber); venter is somewhat paler gray-brown or bufiy brown. Ear is narrow and blundy rounded at apex. Inner surface of pinna is ribbed and sparsely haired along medial margin. Tragus is longer than broad, with blunt tip. Muzzle is short and blunt, having widely separated nostrils at anterior end. Breeding males have long phallus, nearly equal in length to tibia. Dental formula is I 2/3, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 34. Habitat . Wide variety of lowland and montane primary and secondary habitats, including humid tropical broadleaf forests, mangroves, coconut groves, rural gardens, clearings, and villages from sea level to elevations of c .1600 m. Food and Feeding . Dark Sheath-tailed Bats forage for very small insects aerially and gleaning off foliage from near ground level into canopies. Wingless ants were a major dietary component in one study of 44 stomach contents. Breeding . Female Dark Sheath-tailed Bats likely give birth to single young twice a year. In Papua New Guinea, pregnant females are reported in February , May,June, andJuly. Activity patterns. The Dark Sheath-tailed Bat is crepuscular and roosts under large leaves and fronds of palms, bananas, and ginger; in limestone cave entrances; and under rock overhangs and house roofs. Leaf roosts can be as low as 1 -5 m aboveground. Dark Sheath-tailed Bats emerge in late afternoon twilight to forage in well-shaded forest understories. Movements, Home range and Social organization. When roosting in foliage, as is common, group size is regularly 2-6 individuals, with only one individual clinging to the leaf surface by its feet and thumbs and the others adpressed dorsum to venter in a stacked column. These small groups are composed of mixed sex adults and young. Four individuals roosted in such a manner under a fishtail palm ( Caryota , Arecaceae ) in Kau Wildlife Area, Madang, Papua New Guinea, and this behavior was thought to conserve heat and avoid going into torpor where forest shade temperatures are typically 10-12°C lower than body temperatures. Dark Sheath-tailed Bats are alert all day and instandy fly off if approached too closely. Status and Conservation . Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Dark Sheath-tailed Bat has a large distribution and presumably large and stable overall population, and it is tolerant of habitat modification. It occurs in protected areas including Kau Wildlife Area, Madang, Papua New Guinea. Bibliography. Bonaccorso (1998), Bonaccorso & Leary (2008b), Colgan & Soheili (2008), Dobson (1878), Flannery (1995a, 1995 b ), McKean (1972), Smith & Hood (1981), Tate & Archbold (1939a), Vestjens & Hall (1977).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Emballonuridae	Mosia nigrescens	Mosia		nigrescens	Gray	1843	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 1, 11: 117	Dark Sheath-tailed Bat	<b> papuana </b>Thomas, 1914; <b> solomonis </b>Thomas, 1904.	Indonesia, Molucca Isls, Amboina Isl.	New Guinea; New Ireland (Papua New Guinea); Kai Isls, Halmahera Isls, Schouten Isls, Sulawesi, Moluccas Isls; Waigeo Isl. (Prov. of Papua, Indonesia), Bismarck Arch. (Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isls; adjacent small islands.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Includes papuana ; see Laurie and Hill (1954) and Hill (1983). Includes solomonis , considered a distinct species by McKean(1972). However, the limits of these subspecies is not entirely clear; see Colgan and Soheili (2008). See Flannery (1995 a , b ) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Mosia nigrescens	23	Dark Sheath-tailed Bat	Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	EMBALLONUROIDEA	EMBALLONURIDAE	EMBALLONURINAE	EMBALLONURINI	Mosia	NA	nigrescens	J. E. Gray	1843	0	Mosia_nigrescens	Gray, J. E. (1843). Descriptions of some new genera and species of Mammalia in the British Museum Collection. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 1, 11, 117.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137064#page/161/mode/1up	BM 1842.11.22.26		"South America ?" Corrected by G. E. Dobson in 1878 to "Amboina [= Ambon Island, Maluku Islands, Indonesia]."			nigrescens J. E. Gray, 1843|solomonis (O. Thomas, 1904)|papuana (O. Thomas, 1914)	NA	NA	Indonesia|Papua New Guinea|Solomon Islands	Asia|Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Mosia_nigrescens	0	sciname match	Mosia_nigrescens	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	13904	Mosia nigrescens	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	EMBALLONURIDAE	Mosia	nigrescens	(Gray, 1843)	Formerly included in the genus Emballonura . <span> Mosia nigrescens Contains three subspecies: M. n. nigrogriseus (type locality Amboina Island, Moluccas, Indonesia); M. n. papuanus on mainland New Guinea; and M. n. solomonis on Manus Island, the Bismarck islands, Bougainville and the Solomon Islands (Simmons 2005).	200000000	Mosia nigrescens	Least Concern		2021	2019-07-19 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Assessed as Least Concern because it has a wide distribution, appears common locally and has a presumed large population size, has some tolerance of modified habitats, and although populations are declining due to deforestation in some parts of its range, this is unlikely to be occurring at a rate required to qualify listing in a threatened category.	The Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat roosts in small groups under palm leaves and in limestone caves, under rock overhangs and in the roofs of houses. They forage for small insects in a wide variety of primary and secondary habitats, including tropical broadleaf forest, mangroves, coconut groves, rural gardens, and villages (Bonaccorso 1998). Females give birth to two young annually. Their echolocation call is distinctive, and recorded commonly on acoustic surveys in Papua New Guinea. Pulse shape resembles that of Hipposideros , but the strongest second harmonic has a characteristic frequency of c. 60–70 kHz, and the call is currently difficult to distinguish from that made by Emballonura beccarii where the distributions of these two species overlap (K.N. Armstrong, unpublished data).	In some parts of their range deforestation is contributing to population declines and reduction of area of occupancy. They are vulnerable when in their diurnal roosts, and removal of cave roost habitat and disturbance of the larger breeding colonies will contribute to an overall reduction.	Regarded as common (Bonaccorso 1998) and predicted to be declining due to habitat loss, but population size has not been estimated.	Stable	The distribution of this species extends from Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, to the Solomon Islands. In Indonesia, it has been recorded from many islands including Sulawesi, Halmahera, Morotai, Ambon, Buru, Seram, Salawati and Biak, and is present in the Fak-fak, Jayapura, Manokwari and Merauke districts of West Papua. In Papua New Guinea, it has been recorded throughout the mainland provinces, as well as Manus Island, New Britain, New Ireland, Bougainville and Nissan Island. In the Solomon Islands, it has been recorded on the islands of Fauro, Guadacanal, Malaita, New Georgia, Nggela Sule, Pavuvu, San Cristobal, Davo, Shortland, Uki Ni Masi, and Vella Lavella (Bonaccorso 1998; Flannery 1995a,b; Corbet and Hill 1992).		Terrestrial	Known from numerous protected areas across Papua New Guinea, including the Kau Wildlife Management Area, Madang Province. Populations of this species can be maintained through the preservation of primary and secondary forest habitat. Roost sites discovered with dozens or hundreds of individuals should be managed to discourage visitation and disturbance by people. Ideally, these sites should be conserved and protected by working with local authorities and communities.	Australasian		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Emballonuridae	Mosia		nigrescens	Gray	1843	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 1, 11: 117	Dark Sheath-tailed Bat	<b> papuana </b>Thomas, 1914; <b> solomonis </b>Thomas, 1904.	Indonesia, Molucca Isls, Amboina Isl.	New Guinea; New Ireland (Papua New Guinea); Kai Isls, Halmahera Isls, Schouten Isls, Sulawesi, Moluccas Isls; Waigeo Isl. (Prov. of Papua, Indonesia), Bismarck Arch. (Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isls; adjacent small islands.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Includes papuana ; see Laurie and Hill (1954) and Hill (1983). Includes solomonis , considered a distinct species by McKean(1972). However, the limits of these subspecies is not entirely clear; see Colgan and Soheili (2008). See Flannery (1995 a , b ) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Mosia nigrescens	1004810	23	Dark Sheath-tailed Bat	Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	EMBALLONUROIDEA	Emballonuridae	EMBALLONURINAE	EMBALLONURINI	Mosia	NA	nigrescens	J. E. Gray	1843	0	Mosia_nigrescens	Gray, J. E. (1843). Descriptions of some new genera and species of Mammalia in the British Museum Collection. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 1, 11, 117.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137064#page/161/mode/1up	BM 1842.11.22.26		"South America ?" Corrected by G. E. Dobson in 1878 to "Amboina [= Ambon Island, Maluku Islands, Indonesia]."			nigrescens J. E. Gray, 1843|solomonis (O. Thomas, 1904)|papuana (O. Thomas, 1914)	NA	NA				Indonesia|Papua New Guinea|Solomon Islands	Asia|Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Mosia_nigrescens	0	sciname match	Mosia_nigrescens	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Mosia_nigrescens	1004810	23	Dark Sheath-tailed Bat	Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Emballonuroidea	Emballonuridae	Emballonurinae	Emballonurini	Mosia	NA	nigrescens	J. E. Gray	0	Mosia nigrescens	Gray, J.E. 1843-02-01. Descriptions of some new genera and species of Mammalia in the British Museum Collection. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (1)11(68):117-119.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2326278	BMNH:Mamm:1842.11.22.26	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/e137c0c2-e745-4140-bd71-7d4751d5e9e2	"South America ?" Corrected by G. E. Dobson in 1878 to "Amboina [= Ambon Island, Maluku Islands, Indonesia]."			NA	NA				Indonesia|Papua New Guinea|Solomon Islands	Asia|Oceania (Continent)	Australasia	LC	0	0	0	Mosia_nigrescens	0	sciname match	Mosia_nigrescens	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Emballonuridae	Mosia		nigrescens	Gray	1843	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 1, 11: 117	Dark Sheath-tailed Bat	papuana Thomas, 1914; solomonis Thomas, 1904.	Indonesia, Molucca Isls, Amboina Isl.	New Guinea; New Ireland (Papua New Guinea); Kai Isls, Halmahera Isls, Schouten Isls, Sulawesi, Moluccas Isls; Waigeo Isl. (Prov. of Papua, Indonesia), Bismarck Arch. (Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isls; adjacent small islands.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/13904/209523725/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Includes papuana; see Laurie and Hill (1954) and Hill (1983). Includes solomonis, considered a distinct species by McKean(1972). However, the limits of these subspecies is not entirely clear; see Colgan and Soheili (2008). See Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Mosia nigrescens; Mosia nigrescens; Mosia nigrescens; Mosia nigrescens; Mosia nigrescens; Mosia nigrescens; nigrescens; papuana; solomonis; nigrescens; papuana; solomonis; papuana; solomonis; nigrescens; solomonis; papuana; Dark Sheath-tailed Bat; Emballonure sombre; Dunkle reischwanzfledermaus; Embalonuro oscuro; Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat; Dark Sheath-tailed Bat; Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat; Dark Sheath-tailed Bat; Dark Sheath-tailed Bat; M. nigrescens