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(1=AUTHOR & DATE IN PARENTHESES)	CITATION_batnames2023	PAGES_batnames2023	COMMON NAME_batnames2023	SYNONYMS_batnames2023	TYPE LOCALITY_batnames2023	DISTRIBUTION_batnames2023	CITES_batnames2023	IUCN_batnames2023	COMMENTS_batnames2023	name MDD2023	id_MDD2023	phylosort_MDD2023	mainCommonName_MDD2023	otherCommonNames_MDD2023	subclass_MDD2023	infraclass_MDD2023	magnorder_MDD2023	superorder_MDD2023	order_MDD2023	suborder_MDD2023	infraorder_MDD2023	parvorder_MDD2023	superfamily_MDD2023	Family_mdd2023	subfamily_MDD2023	tribe_MDD2023	genus_MDD2023	subgenus_MDD2023	specificEpithet_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD2023	authorityParentheses_MDD2023	originalNameCombination_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD2023	holotypeVoucher_MDD2023	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD2023	typeLocality_MDD2023	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD2023	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD2023	nominalNames_MDD2023	taxonomyNotes_MDD2023	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD2023	distributionNotes_MDD2023	distributionNotesCitation_MDD2023	subregionDistribution_MDD2023	countryDistribution_MDD2023	continentDistribution_MDD2023	biogeographicRealm_MDD2023	iucnStatus_MDD2023	extinct_MDD2023	domestic_MDD2023	flagged_MDD2023	CMW_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceCMW_MDD2023	MSW3_matchtype_MDD2023	MSW3_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceMSW3_MDD2023	docOrigin_MDD2025	sciName	id	phylosort	mainCommonName	otherCommonNames	subclass	infraclass	magnorder	superorder	order	suborder	infraorder	parvorder	superfamily	family	subfamily	tribe	genus	subgenus	specificEpithet	authoritySpeciesAuthor	authorityParentheses	originalNameCombination	authoritySpeciesCitation	authoritySpeciesLink	typeVoucher	typeKind	typeVoucherURIs	typeLocality	typeLocalityLatitude	typeLocalityLongitude	taxonomyNotes	taxonomyNotesCitation	distributionNotes	distributionNotesCitation	subregionDistribution	countryDistribution	continentDistribution	biogeographicRealm	iucnStatus	extinct	domestic	flagged	CMW_sciName	diffSinceCMW	MSW3_matchtype	MSW3_sciName	diffSinceMSW3	docOrigin_batnames2025	Family	Genus	Subgenus	Species	Author	Date	Parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L749	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Tadarida phrudus	Mormopterus phrudus	Mormopterus phrudus	Mormopterus phrudus	Mormopterus phrudus	Mormopterus phrudus	Mormopterus phrudus	Mormopterus phrudus	Mormopterus phrudus	Mormopterus phrudus	Mormopterus phrudus	Mormopterus phrudus	Mormopterus phrudus	Mormopterus phrudus	Mormopterus phrudus		[MSW2] Subgenus Mormopterus.; [MSW3] kalinowskii species group.; [HMW] Mormopterus phrudus Handley, 1956 , “San Miguel Bridge, Urubamba River, Machu Picchu, Cuzco , Peru , alt. 6000 feet [= 1829 m ].” This species is monotypic.; [batnames2022]  kalinowskii species group.; [IUCN] The Mormopterus genus requires review (Molinari pers. comm.), however the species is valid (Velazco pers. comm).; [batnames2023]  kalinowskii species group.; [batnames2025_1.7] kalinowskiispecies group.														phrudus	The Mormopterus genus requires review (Molinari pers. comm.), however the species is valid (Velazco pers. comm).			phrudus 	phrudus 			phrudus Handley, 1956		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		Peru	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Mormopterus phrudus	Peru, Cuzco, Machu Picchu, Urubamba River, San Miguel Bridge.	Handley	1956	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 69:197.	Distribution: Known only from the highlands of southern Peru.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5		Peru	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Handley	1956	Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 69:197.	Subgenus Mormopterus.	Peru.	Peru, Cuzco, Machu Picchu, Urubamba River, San Miguel Bridge.		HANDLEY	1956	Anterior upper premolar vestigial or absent. Size medium (forearm length, 33-35 mm). Rostrum relatively deep. Wing tip relatively narrow.	Distribution: Known only from the highlands of southern Peru.	No subspecies.		136	species	M. phrudus	HANDLEY	1956	Mormopterus	subgenus	Mormopterus phrudus				Anterior upper premolar vestigial or absent. Size medium (forearm length, 33-35 mm). Rostrum relatively deep. Wing tip relatively narrow.	No subspecies.		6. M. phrudus HANDLEY 1956 [kalinowskii group].	6	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Molossidae	Molossinae		Mormopterus phrudus	Mormopterus		phrudus	Handley	y	1956		Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.	69		197		Incan Little Mastiff Bat	Peru, Cuzco, Machu Picchu, Urubamba River, San Miguel Bridge.	Peru.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Endangered.		kalinowskii species group.	194287C9FFB8BA15B19AFBF9B14CFAF8	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Molossidae_598.pdf.imf	hash://md5/e57bffb1ffbcba10b412f760b226ffce	623	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/19/42/87/194287C9FFB8BA15B19AFBF9B14CFAF8.xml	Mormopterus phrudus	Molossidae	Mormopterus	phrudus	Handley	1956	Molosse du Pérou @fr | German @en | nka-Mastino-Fledermaus @en | Morméptero de Peru @es	Mormopterus phrudus Handley, 1956 , “San Miguel Bridge, Urubamba River, Machu Picchu, Cuzco , Peru , alt. 6000 feet [= 1829 m ].” This species is monotypic.	Known originally from only type locality in S Andean Peru but recently also found in a second locality in Santuario historico de Machu Picchu.	Head-body 50-51 mm, tail 29-32 mm, ear 13-14 mm, hindfoot 8 mm , forearm 33-8-34-8 mm (two specimens). Dorsal pelage of the Incan Little Mastff Bat is dark brown, with hairs whitish at bases. Ventral pelage is paler brown, with white on throat. Wings and ears are blackish brown. Ears are thin, have round tips, and almost meet each other on forehead. Tragus is small, with pointed tip, and antitragusis inconspicuous. Lips have slight vertical wrinkles and hairs. Gular gland is present on throat of males (no females have been captured). Dorsal profile of skull is arched, lacrimal and supraorbital ridges are slightly developed, and basisphenoid pits are poorly developed. I* is weakly developed, with slight trace of cingulum. Dental formulaisI11/2,C1/1,P 2/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 30.	Montane forest at elevations of 1800-3000 m.	No information.	No information.	The Incan Little Mastiff Bat has been observed roosting in caves.	No information.	Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. The Incan Little Mastiff Bat is listed as critically endangered on the national Red List of Peru . Itis known from only three specimens at or near type locality, which is located in a national protected area (Santuario historico de Machu Picchu).	Handley (1956) | Pino et al. (2014) | Velazco (2016)	https://zenodo.org/record/6772256/files/figure.png	10. Incan Little Masuft Bat Mormopterus phrudus French: Molosse du Pérou / German: Inka-Mastino-Fledermaus / Spanish: Morméptero de Peru Taxonomy. Mormopterus phrudus Handley, 1956 , “San Miguel Bridge, Urubamba River, Machu Picchu, Cuzco , Peru , alt. 6000 feet [= 1829 m ].” This species is monotypic. Distribution. Known originally from only type locality in S Andean Peru but recently also found in a second locality in Santuario historico de Machu Picchu. Descriptive notes. Head-body 50-51 mm, tail 29-32 mm, ear 13-14 mm, hindfoot 8 mm , forearm 33-8-34-8 mm (two specimens). Dorsal pelage of the Incan Little Mastff Bat is dark brown, with hairs whitish at bases. Ventral pelage is paler brown, with white on throat. Wings and ears are blackish brown. Ears are thin, have round tips, and almost meet each other on forehead. Tragus is small, with pointed tip, and antitragusis inconspicuous. Lips have slight vertical wrinkles and hairs. Gular gland is present on throat of males (no females have been captured). Dorsal profile of skull is arched, lacrimal and supraorbital ridges are slightly developed, and basisphenoid pits are poorly developed. I* is weakly developed, with slight trace of cingulum. Dental formulaisI11/2,C1/1,P 2/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 30. Habitat. Montane forest at elevations of 1800-3000 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. The Incan Little Mastiff Bat has been observed roosting in caves. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. The Incan Little Mastiff Bat is listed as critically endangered on the national Red List of Peru . Itis known from only three specimens at or near type locality, which is located in a national protected area (Santuario historico de Machu Picchu). Bibliography. Handley (1956), Pino et al. (2014), Velazco (2016).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Molossidae	Mormopterus phrudus	Mormopterus	Mormopterus	phrudus	Handley	1956	1	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.	72:17:00	Incan Little Mastiff Bat	None.	Peru, Cuzco, Machu Picchu, Urubamba River, San Miguel Bridge.	Peru.	Not listed.	Vulnerable	 kalinowskii species group.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Mormopterus phrudus	23	Incan Little Mastiff Bat	Incan Mastiff Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	MOLOSSIDAE	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Mormopterus	NA	phrudus	Handley	1956	0	Mormopterus_phrudus	Handley, C. O., Jr. (1956). A New Species of Free-tailed Bat (Genus Mormopterus) from Peru. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 69, 197.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34549891#page/421/mode/1up	USNM 194449		"San Miguel Bridge, Urubamba River, Machu Picchu, Cuzco, Peru, alt. 6000 feet [= 1829 m]."			phrudus Handley, 1956	NA	NA	Peru	South America	Neotropic	VU	0	0	0	Mormopterus_phrudus	0	sciname match	Mormopterus_phrudus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	13887	Mormopterus phrudus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	MOLOSSIDAE	Mormopterus	phrudus	Handley, 1956	The Mormopterus genus requires review (Molinari pers. comm.), however the species is valid (Velazco pers. comm).	20000000	Mormopterus phrudus	Vulnerable	D2	2016	2015-07-10 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	The species is assessed as Vulnerable, because it is known from only a single location, and so far seems to have very specific requirements for habitat or roosts. Although this site is found in a national protected area, the species is still under some risk due to habitat alteration; slash-and-burn is still in practice by local farmers nearby the area. It is plausible that this restricted-range species could be driven towards a higher threatened category in a short time period. More information on its ecology and population are needed.	Very little is known on preferred habitats and ecology of this species. Based on the predominant habitat at the type locality it may prefer montane forests. It occurs between 2,000-3,000 m and may roost in caves or crevices (P.M. Velazco pers comm.), like similar small-sized Molossids.	This species is known only from one location. Although it is within a national protected area, some loss of forest cover occurs eventually; slash-and-burn is still in practice by local farmers nearby the area.	This species is rare - only nine or ten specimen collected, areas with suitable habitat in a neighbouring national park surrounding the locality have been surveyed using a range of methodologies and failed to find the species (P.M. Velazco pers. comm). The species is considered 'critically endangered' in the national Red List of Peru (DS 004-2014-MINAGRI).	Unknown	This species is ;only ;known from the type locality at Cuzco, Machu Picchu, Urubamba River, San Miguel Bridge, Peru (Simmons 2005).		Terrestrial	The type locality is within a protected area, although local farmers can access areas within the sanctuary, with the consequent risks of habitat alteration. Being a small mammal, a nocturnal one, specific management policies are hard to implement.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Molossidae	Mormopterus	Mormopterus	phrudus	Handley	1956	1	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.	72:17:00	Incan Little Mastiff Bat	None.	Peru, Cuzco, Machu Picchu, Urubamba River, San Miguel Bridge.	Peru.	Not listed.	Vulnerable	 kalinowskii species group.	Mormopterus phrudus	1005230	23	Incan Little Mastiff Bat	Incan Mastiff Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Molossidae	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Mormopterus	NA	phrudus	Handley	1956	0	Mormopterus_phrudus	Handley, C. O., Jr. (1956). A New Species of Free-tailed Bat (Genus Mormopterus) from Peru. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 69, 197.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34549891#page/421/mode/1up	USNM 194449		"San Miguel Bridge, Urubamba River, Machu Picchu, Cuzco, Peru, alt. 6000 feet [= 1829 m]."			phrudus Handley, 1956	NA	NA				Peru	South America	Neotropic	VU	0	0	0	Mormopterus_phrudus	0	sciname match	Mormopterus_phrudus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Mormopterus_phrudus	1005230	23	Incan Little Mastiff Bat	Incan Mastiff Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Molossidae	Molossinae	NA	Mormopterus	NA	phrudus	Handley	0	Mormopterus phrudus	Handley, C.O., Jr. 1956-12-31. A new species of free-tailed bat (genus _Mormopterus_) from Peru. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 69:197-201.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34549891	USNM:MAMM:194449	holotype	http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3e0b239e5-842f-425a-86b0-6862f7163350	"San Miguel Bridge, Urubamba River, Machu Picchu, Cuzco, Peru, alt. 6000 feet [= 1829 m]."			NA	NA				Peru	South America	Neotropic	VU	0	0	0	Mormopterus_phrudus	0	sciname match	Mormopterus_phrudus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Molossidae	Mormopterus	Mormopterus	phrudus	Handley	1956	0	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.	72:17:00	Incan Little Mastiff Bat	None.	Peru, Cuzco, Machu Picchu, Urubamba River, San Miguel Bridge.	Peru.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/13887/22083688/' target='_blank'>Vulnerable</a>	kalinowskiispecies group.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Mormopterus phrudus; Mormopterus phrudus; Mormopterus phrudus; Mormopterus phrudus; Mormopterus phrudus; Mormopterus phrudus; phrudus; Molosse du Pérou; German; nka-Mastino-Fledermaus; Morméptero de Peru; Incan Little Mastiff Bat; Incan Mastiff Bat; Incan Little Mastiff Bat; Incan Little Mastiff Bat; M. phrudus
