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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L743	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Tadarida acetabulosus	Mormopterus acetabulosus	Mormopterus acetabulosus	Mormopterus acetabulosus	Mormopterus acetabulosus	Mormopterus acetabulosus	Mormopterus acetabulosus	Mormopterus acetabulosus	Mormopterus acetabulosus	Mormopterus acetabulosus	Mormopterus acetabulosus	Mormopterus acetabulosus	Mormopterus acetabulosus	Mormopterus acetabulosus	Mormopterus acetabulosus		[MSW2] Subgenus Mormopterus.; [MSW3] acetabulosus species group. Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).; [HMW] Vespertilio acetabulosus Hermann, 1804 , Port Louis , Mauritius . Because the holotype could not be located in the Muséum national dhistoire naturelle in Paris, S. M. Goodman and colleagues in 2008 designated Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH) 1984-368, from Palma Cave, Palma, Black River District , Mauritius , 20° 16 -405’ S, 57° 27 -147’ E,as the neotype of M. acetabulosus . A. S. Cheke in 2009 reported on drawings of the type specimen that were referred to in the original description, suggesting that the designation of a neotype was unnecessary. Nevertheless, because a physical specimen is necessary for formal revision according to the International Code for Zoological Nomenclature, validity of the neotype is here affirmed. M. francoismoutoui from Réunion Island was until 2008 considered part of M. acetabulosus , but the two species differ genetically and based on several morphological characteristics, including larger size of M. acetabulosus and its more widely spaced ears compared with M. francoismoutour, in which the ears are closer together and joined by flap of skin that is absent in M. acetabulosus . Although the subspecies name M. acetabulosus natalensis by A. Smith in 1847 is available for the two specimens recorded from Durban in South Africa , the fact that these individuals were vagrants and that there is no viable population in South Africa makes recognition of subspecies redundant. Monotypic.; [batnames2022]  acetabulosus species group. Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).; [IUCN] Previously, Mormopterus acetabulosus was considered an endemic to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and La Réunion), however Goodman et al . (2008) showed that this actually comprised two closely related taxa. The holotype of M. acetabulosus is from Mauritius, and a newly described species, M. francoismoutoui , is from La Réunion (Goodman et al . 2008).; [batnames2023]  acetabulosus species group. Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).; [batnames2025_1.7] acetabulosusspecies group. Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).						natalensis.			natalensis			acetabulosus	acetabulosus - natalensis	acetabulosus, mauritianus, dubius, natalensis	Previously, Mormopterus acetabulosus was considered an endemic to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and La Réunion), however Goodman et al . (2008) showed that this actually comprised two closely related taxa. The holotype of M. acetabulosus is from Mauritius, and a newly described species, M. francoismoutoui , is from La Réunion (Goodman et al . 2008).	acetabulosus	acetabulosus - natalensis	acetabulosus, mauritianus, dubius, natalensis	acetabulosus, carolinensis, caroliniensis, mauritianus, dubius, carolinensis, natalensis	acetabulosus 	acetabulosus - natalensis	acetabulosus (Hermann, 1804)|carolinensis (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813) [not intended as a scientific name]|carolinense (Oken, 1816) [placed on index]|caroliniensis (A. G. Desmarest, 1819)|carolinense (H. R. Schinz, 1821) [incorrect subsequent spelling]|mauritianus (Horsfield, 1823) [nomen novum]|carolinensis (A. G. Desmarest, 1827) [incorrect subsequent spelling]|dubius (A. Smith, 1833)|natalensis (A. Smith, 1847)		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Natal wrinkle-lipped bat	Ethiopia, Natal, Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Mormopterus acetabulosus	Mauritius, Port Louis.	Hermann	1804	Observ. Zool., p. 19.	Distribution: Known from Mauritius and Reunion in the Mascarenes, Madagascar, and from two widely separated localities (Natal and Ethiopia), in eastern Africa.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Natal wrinkle-lipped bat (Natal free-tailed bat)	Ethiopia, Natal, Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Hermann	1804	Observ. Zool., p. 19.	Subgenus Mormopterus.	Reunion and Mauritius (Mascarene Isis), Madagascar, South Africa, Ethiopia.	Mauritius, Port Louis.		HERMANN	1804	Size medium (forearm length, 39 mm). Emargination present in anterior margin of ear pinna, which is well separated from the ear of the opposite side. Rostrum relatively slender with only moderately developed lacrimal tubercles.	Distribution: Known from Mauritius and Reunion in the Mascarenes, Madagascar, and from two widely separated localities (Natal and Ethiopia), in eastern Africa.	No subspecies.		136	species	M. acetabulosus	HERMANN	1804	Mormopterus	subgenus	Mormopterus acetabulosus				Size medium (forearm length, 39 mm). Emargination present in anterior margin of ear pinna, which is well separated from the ear of the opposite side. Rostrum relatively slender with only moderately developed lacrimal tubercles.	No subspecies.		9. M. acetabulosus (HERMANN 1804) [acetabulosus group],	9	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Molossidae	Molossinae		Mormopterus acetabulosus	Mormopterus		acetabulosus	Hermann	y	1804		Observ. Zool.			19		Mauritian Little Mastiff Bat	Mauritius, Port Louis.	Réunion and Mauritius (Mascarene Isls), and a single record from Ethiopia. A record from South Africa is questionable, and no specimens are known from Madagascar despite several reports to the contrary (Peterson et al., 1995).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Vulnerable.	natalensis A. Smith, 1847.	acetabulosus species group. Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).	194287C9FFBFBA14B1B5FF8AB3A3FA49	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Molossidae_598.pdf.imf	hash://md5/e57bffb1ffbcba10b412f760b226ffce	622	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/19/42/87/194287C9FFBFBA14B1B5FF8AB3A3FA49.xml	Mormopterus acetabulosus	Molossidae	Mormopterus	acetabulosus		1804	Molosse de Port-Louis @fr | Mauritius-Mastino-Fledermaus @de | Mormoptero de Port-Louis @es | Mauritian Free-tailed Bat @en | Natal Free-tailed Bat @en	Vespertilio acetabulosus Hermann, 1804 , Port Louis , Mauritius . Because the holotype could not be located in the Muséum national dhistoire naturelle in Paris, S. M. Goodman and colleagues in 2008 designated Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH) 1984-368, from Palma Cave, Palma, Black River District , Mauritius , 20° 16 -405’ S, 57° 27 -147’ E,as the neotype of M. acetabulosus . A. S. Cheke in 2009 reported on drawings of the type specimen that were referred to in the original description, suggesting that the designation of a neotype was unnecessary. Nevertheless, because a physical specimen is necessary for formal revision according to the International Code for Zoological Nomenclature, validity of the neotype is here affirmed. M. francoismoutoui from Réunion Island was until 2008 considered part of M. acetabulosus , but the two species differ genetically and based on several morphological characteristics, including larger size of M. acetabulosus and its more widely spaced ears compared with M. francoismoutour, in which the ears are closer together and joined by flap of skin that is absent in M. acetabulosus . Although the subspecies name M. acetabulosus natalensis by A. Smith in 1847 is available for the two specimens recorded from Durban in South Africa , the fact that these individuals were vagrants and that there is no viable population in South Africa makes recognition of subspecies redundant. Monotypic.	Restricted to Mauritius ; there are two isolated records attributed to this species from the Durban region on E coast of South Africa . Previous authors considered it to occur on Madagascar , but Goodman and coworkers found no evidence for its occurrence there.	Head-body 49-52 mm, tail 43-50 mm, ear 15-18 mm, hindfoot 6-7 mm, forearm 38-43 mm; weight 6-8-2 g. The Mauritian Little Mastiff Bat has slightly flattened head, no facial ornamentation, and tail protruding beyond hind margin of uropatagium. Dorsal fur is short, uniformly dark brown, and unicolored above; fur becomes paler on abdomen. Wings and uropatagium are dark brown. Ears are small, erect, subtriangular, without complex folds, and separated at bases, with distinct sickle-shaped emargination below tips. Tragus is small but not concealed by antitragus. Adult males have distinct throat gland that is absent in females. Upperlips have several deep wrinkles, few spoon-hairs, and many fine hairs. Hindclaws have fine hairs and many stout bristles. Braincase is slightly flattened, palatal emargination is wide, and basisphenoid pits are poorly developed. Third ridge of M? is longer than second. Dental formulaisl 1/3, Cl1/1,P1/2 M3/3 (x2) = 30.	Scrubland, woodland, and agricultural areas.	No information.	No information.	Mauritian Little Mastiff Bats are nocturnal and roost in lava tunnels at apparently less than five sites on Mauritius .	Colonies of Mauritian Little Mastiff Bats have up to tens of thousands of individuals.	Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The few roosting sites of Mauritian Little Mastiff Bats are threatened by human disturbance. Populations have declined 80% in the past 18 years. Based on visits to five cave sites between 2005 and 2012 when no obvious declines were observed,it is possible that notall sites are declining as substantially as indicated on The IUCN Red List, and there might be additional unsurveyed cave sites that are not yet impacted. Nevertheless, the fact that this species does not seem to have adapted to roosting in human structuresis cause for concern.	Bergmans, Hutson, Oleksy & Taylor et al. (2017) | Cheke (2009) | Goodman, Jansen van Vuuren et al. (2008) | Smith (1847)	https://zenodo.org/record/6772248/files/figure.png	6. Mauritian Little Mastiff Bat Mormopterus acetabulosus French: Molosse de Port-Louis / German: Mauritius-Mastino-Fledermaus / Spanish: Mormoptero de Port-Louis Other common names: Mauritian Free-tailed Bat , Natal Free-tailed Bat Taxonomy. Vespertilio acetabulosus Hermann, 1804 , Port Louis , Mauritius . Because the holotype could not be located in the Muséum national dhistoire naturelle in Paris, S. M. Goodman and colleagues in 2008 designated Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH) 1984-368, from Palma Cave, Palma, Black River District , Mauritius , 20° 16 -405’ S, 57° 27 -147’ E,as the neotype of M. acetabulosus . A. S. Cheke in 2009 reported on drawings of the type specimen that were referred to in the original description, suggesting that the designation of a neotype was unnecessary. Nevertheless, because a physical specimen is necessary for formal revision according to the International Code for Zoological Nomenclature, validity of the neotype is here affirmed. M. francoismoutoui from Réunion Island was until 2008 considered part of M. acetabulosus , but the two species differ genetically and based on several morphological characteristics, including larger size of M. acetabulosus and its more widely spaced ears compared with M. francoismoutour, in which the ears are closer together and joined by flap of skin that is absent in M. acetabulosus . Although the subspecies name M. acetabulosus natalensis by A. Smith in 1847 is available for the two specimens recorded from Durban in South Africa , the fact that these individuals were vagrants and that there is no viable population in South Africa makes recognition of subspecies redundant. Monotypic. Distribution. Restricted to Mauritius ; there are two isolated records attributed to this species from the Durban region on E coast of South Africa . Previous authors considered it to occur on Madagascar , but Goodman and coworkers found no evidence for its occurrence there. Descriptive notes. Head-body 49-52 mm, tail 43-50 mm, ear 15-18 mm, hindfoot 6-7 mm, forearm 38-43 mm; weight 6-8-2 g. The Mauritian Little Mastiff Bat has slightly flattened head, no facial ornamentation, and tail protruding beyond hind margin of uropatagium. Dorsal fur is short, uniformly dark brown, and unicolored above; fur becomes paler on abdomen. Wings and uropatagium are dark brown. Ears are small, erect, subtriangular, without complex folds, and separated at bases, with distinct sickle-shaped emargination below tips. Tragus is small but not concealed by antitragus. Adult males have distinct throat gland that is absent in females. Upperlips have several deep wrinkles, few spoon-hairs, and many fine hairs. Hindclaws have fine hairs and many stout bristles. Braincase is slightly flattened, palatal emargination is wide, and basisphenoid pits are poorly developed. Third ridge of M? is longer than second. Dental formulaisl 1/3, Cl1/1,P1/2 M3/3 (x2) = 30. Habitat. Scrubland, woodland, and agricultural areas. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Mauritian Little Mastiff Bats are nocturnal and roost in lava tunnels at apparently less than five sites on Mauritius . Movements, Home range and Social organization. Colonies of Mauritian Little Mastiff Bats have up to tens of thousands of individuals. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The few roosting sites of Mauritian Little Mastiff Bats are threatened by human disturbance. Populations have declined 80% in the past 18 years. Based on visits to five cave sites between 2005 and 2012 when no obvious declines were observed,it is possible that notall sites are declining as substantially as indicated on The IUCN Red List, and there might be additional unsurveyed cave sites that are not yet impacted. Nevertheless, the fact that this species does not seem to have adapted to roosting in human structuresis cause for concern. Bibliography. Bergmans, Hutson, Oleksy & Taylor et al. (2017), Cheke (2009), Goodman, Jansen van Vuuren et al. (2008), Smith (1847).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Molossidae	Mormopterus acetabulosus	Mormopterus	Mormopterus	acetabulosus	Hermann	1804	1	Observ. Zool.	p. 19	Mauritian Little Mastiff Bat	 natalensis A. Smith, 1847.	Mauritius, Port Louis.	Réunion and Mauritius (Mascarene Isls), and a single record from Ethiopia. A record from South Africa is questionable, and no specimens are known from Madagascar despite several reports to the contrary (Peterson et al., 1995).	Not listed.	Endangered	 acetabulosus species group. Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Mormopterus acetabulosus	23	Mauritian Little Mastiff Bat	Mauritian Free-tailed Bat|Natal Free-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	MOLOSSIDAE	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Mormopterus	NA	acetabulosus	Hermann	1804	1	V[espertilio]_acetabulosus	Hermann, J. (1804). Observationes Zoologicae: quibus novae complures, aliaeque animalium species describuntur et illustrantur. Argentorati: Amandum Koenig, Paris, 19.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48021#page/33/mode/1up	MNHN MS 282(II), Folder No. 51 [holotype illustration]		Port Louis, Mauritius.			acetabulosus (Hermann, 1804)|mauritianus (Horsfield, 1823)|dubius (A. Smith, 1833)natalensis (A. Smith, 1847)	NA	NA	Mauritius|South Africa?|Madagascar?	Africa	Afrotropic	EN	0	0	0	Mormopterus_acetabulosus	0	sciname match	Mormopterus_acetabulosus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	70000000	Mormopterus acetabulosus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	MOLOSSIDAE	Mormopterus	acetabulosus	(Hermann, 1804)	Previously, Mormopterus acetabulosus was considered an endemic to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and La Réunion), however Goodman et al . (2008) showed that this actually comprised two closely related taxa. The holotype of M. acetabulosus is from Mauritius, and a newly described species, M. francoismoutoui , is from La Réunion (Goodman et al . 2008).	20000000	Mormopterus acetabulosus	Endangered	A2b; B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)	2017	2016-04-27 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	<span lang="EN-US">This species occurs in less than five sites on Mauritius. It is restricted to lava tube caves. The population of the species has declined by over 80% during the last 18 years, however the rate of decline over the last three generations is unknown; it is likely that it approached 67% over three generations (11-12 years based on a generation length of 3.9 years; see Pacifici et al . 2013). The major roosting cave system for the species had been developing into a tourism attraction for the past three years, resulting in loss of over 10,000 bats from a single location. Due to it restricted range and decline in population size, it is listed as Endangered under criteria A2bc; B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v).	This species has been recorded from scrubland, woodland and agricultural areas. It is a cave roosting species.	This bat is threatened by disturbance of roosting caves, and the removal of protective grills over the caves for landfill purposes.	<span lang="EN-US">Goodman (2007) found bats allocated to this species to be common at several sites on Mauritius. However, Taylor (2016) found the species to be narrowed to only four caves in Mauritius. Based on the survey it has been estimated that the population decreased by over 80% during the last 18 years and it keeps declining.	Decreasing	This species appears to be restricted to the island of Mauritius. There is a single doubtful record for Madagascar (Peterson et al . 1995) and two old records for South Africa (both near Durban in 1833 and undated) which should be considered as vagrants (Skinner and Chimimba 2005, Goodman 2007, Goodman et al . 2008, ;ACR 2014). Animals from La Rèunion are treated as a separate species Mormopterus ;francoismoutoui , and the old record taken between the district of Shoa and Lake Rudolph in southern Ethiopia (Hayman and Hill 1971, Skinner and Chimimba 2005) is also thought to be M. francoismoutoui and it was probably introduced (Goodman et al. 2008, ACR 2014).		Terrestrial	It is not known if the species is present in any protected areas. The recorded roosting caves were located outside of the protected areas. There is a need to protect cave roosts of this species in Mauritius by re-grilling important sites, cleaning the caves from household waste, education of local community.	Afrotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Molossidae	Mormopterus	Mormopterus	acetabulosus	Hermann	1804	1	Observ. Zool.	p. 19	Mauritian Little Mastiff Bat	 natalensis A. Smith, 1847.	Mauritius, Port Louis.	Réunion and Mauritius (Mascarene Isls), and a single record from Ethiopia. A record from South Africa is questionable, and no specimens are known from Madagascar despite several reports to the contrary (Peterson et al., 1995).	Not listed.	Endangered	 acetabulosus species group. Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).	Mormopterus acetabulosus	1005224	23	Mauritian Little Mastiff Bat	Mauritian Free-tailed Bat|Natal Free-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Molossidae	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Mormopterus	NA	acetabulosus	Hermann	1804	1	V[espertilio]_acetabulosus	Hermann, J. (1804). Observationes Zoologicae: quibus novae complures, aliaeque animalium species describuntur et illustrantur. Argentorati: Amandum Koenig, Paris, 19.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48021#page/33/mode/1up	MNHN MS 282(II), Folder No. 51 [holotype illustration]		Port Louis, Mauritius.			acetabulosus (Hermann, 1804)|mauritianus (Horsfield, 1823)|dubius (A. Smith, 1833)natalensis (A. Smith, 1847)	NA	NA				Mauritius|South Africa?|Madagascar?	Africa	Afrotropic	EN	0	0	0	Mormopterus_acetabulosus	0	sciname match	Mormopterus_acetabulosus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Mormopterus_acetabulosus	1005224	23	Mauritian Little Mastiff Bat	Mauritian Free-tailed Bat|Natal Free-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Molossidae	Molossinae	NA	Mormopterus	NA	acetabulosus	Hermann	1	Vespertilio acetabulosus	Hermann, J. 1804. Observationes zoologicae, quibus novae complures aliaeque animalium species describuntur et illustrantur. Amandus Koenig, Strasbourg, 328 pp.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13419927	FMNH:Mamm:187489	neotype	http://portal.vertnet.org/o/fmnh/mammals?id=9622dae2-5a4d-476f-8856-39a22d66e028	Port Louis, Mauritius.	-20.2779	57.45408	NA	NA				Mauritius|South Africa?|Madagascar?	Africa	Afrotropic	EN	0	0	0	Mormopterus_acetabulosus	0	sciname match	Mormopterus_acetabulosus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Molossidae	Mormopterus	Mormopterus	acetabulosus	Hermann	1804	1	Observ. Zool.	p. 19	Mauritian Little Mastiff Bat	natalensis A. Smith, 1847.	Mauritius, Port Louis.	Réunion and Mauritius (Mascarene Isls), and a single record from Ethiopia. A record from South Africa is questionable, and no specimens are known from Madagascar despite several reports to the contrary (Peterson et al., 1995).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/71733227/22085232/' target='_blank'>Endangered</a>	acetabulosusspecies group. Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Mormopterus acetabulosus; Mormopterus acetabulosus; Mormopterus acetabulosus; Mormopterus acetabulosus; Mormopterus acetabulosus; Mormopterus acetabulosus; natalensis; natalensis; acetabulosus; mauritianus; dubius; natalensis; Molosse de Port-Louis; Mauritius-Mastino-Fledermaus; Mormoptero de Port-Louis; Mauritian Free-tailed Bat; Natal Free-tailed Bat; Mauritian Little Mastiff Bat; Mauritian Free-tailed Bat; Natal Free-tailed Bat; Mauritian Little Mastiff Bat; Mauritian Little Mastiff Bat; M. acetabulosus