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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L736	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	Chaerephon jobensis [synonym of]	Chaerephon jobensis solomonis	Chaerephon solomonis	Chaerephon solomonis	Mops solomonis	Mops solomonis	Chaerephon solomonis	Mops solomonis	Mops solomonis	Mops solomonis	Mops solomonis	Mops solomonis		[MSW3] plicatus species group. Often included in jobensis (e.g. Felten, 1964a; Hill, 1983), but provisionally recognized as distinct following Flannery (1995b).; [HMW] Chaerephon solomonis Troughton, 1931 , “cave at Mufu Point, six miles [= 10 km ] west of Tuarugu Village, south-west coast of Ysabel [= Isabel Island],” Solomon Islands . Chaerephon solomonis was previously treated as a subspecies of C. jobensis of New Guinea and Australia , but was elevated to species level by T. F. Flannery in 1995 and F.J. Bo-naccorso in 1998; this action was confirmed by genetic analysis by S. Ingleby and D. Colgan in 2003. Monotypic.; [batnames2022]  plicatus species group. Often included in jobensis (e.g. Felten, 1964a; Hill, 1983), but provisionally recognized as distinct followingFlannery (1995b).; [MDD2022] moved from Chaerephon to Mops, although further research is needed to confirm this placement; [IUCN] Often this species is included in Chaerephon jobensis (e.g., Felten 1964, Koopman 1993), but others treat it as a distinct species (e.g., Flannery 1995, Simmons 2005). The species was previously treated under Tadarida on the IUCN Red List. Parnaby et al. (2017) consider the taxonomic status of the species unresolved.; [batnames2023]  plicatus species group. Often included in jobensis (e.g. Felten, 1964a; Hill, 1983), but provisionally recognized as distinct followingFlannery (1995b).; [MDD2023] moved from Chaerephon to Mops, although further research is needed to confirm this placement; [MDD2025_2.0] moved from Chaerephon to Mops, although further research is needed to confirm this placement; [batnames2025_1.7] plicatusspecies group. Often included in jobensis (e.g. Felten, 1964a; Hill, 1983), but provisionally recognized as distinct followingFlannery (1995b).; [MDD2025_2.2] moved from Chaerephon to Mops, although further research is needed to confirm this placement														solomonis	Often this species is included in Chaerephon jobensis (e.g., Felten 1964, Koopman 1993), but others treat it as a distinct species (e.g., Flannery 1995, Simmons 2005). The species was previously treated under Tadarida on the IUCN Red List. Parnaby et al. (2017) consider the taxonomic status of the species unresolved.			solomonis	solomonis			solomonis (Troughton, 1931)						N/A																																								NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Molossidae	Molossinae		Chaerephon solomonis	Chaerephon		solomonis	Troughton	y	1931		Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.	56		201		Solomons Mastiff Bat	Solomon Isls, SW coast of Ysabel Isl, 6 mi. (9 km) W of Tuarugu Village, cave at Mufu Point.	Solomon Isls.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt).		plicatus species group. Often included in jobensis (e.g. Felten, 1964a; Hill, 1983), but provisionally recognized as distinct following Flannery (1995b).	194287C9FFA3BA30B1A1FA65B77CF84C	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Molossidae_598.pdf.imf	hash://md5/e57bffb1ffbcba10b412f760b226ffce	650	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/19/42/87/194287C9FFA3BA30B1A1FA65B77CF84C.xml	Chaerephon solomonis	Molossidae	Chaerephon	solomonis	Troughton	1931	Tadaride des Salomon @fr | Salomonen-Bulldogfledermaus @de | Caerepon de Salomon @es | Solomons Mastiff Bat @en	Chaerephon solomonis Troughton, 1931 , “cave at Mufu Point, six miles [= 10 km ] west of Tuarugu Village, south-west coast of Ysabel [= Isabel Island],” Solomon Islands . Chaerephon solomonis was previously treated as a subspecies of C. jobensis of New Guinea and Australia , but was elevated to species level by T. F. Flannery in 1995 and F.J. Bo-naccorso in 1998; this action was confirmed by genetic analysis by S. Ingleby and D. Colgan in 2003. Monotypic.	Solomon Is ( Choiseul and Santa Isabel ).	Head-body 55:6-63 mm, tail 30-35 mm, ear 16-4-18-6 mm, forearm 40-8-43-3 mm; weight 11-5-13 g. The Solomons Free-tailed Bat is one of the smallest members of the genus; it is similar in appearance to the Greater Northern Free-tailed Bat ( C. jobensis ), but is smaller in most aspects. Furis rich, auburn-brown, with white hairs infrequently interspersed. Tragusis lobed and broad attip.	The Solomons Free-tailed Bat has been captured in sea-cliff caves surrounded by the sea and dense forest at c. 180 m above sea level.	No information.	Six specimens collected from Choiseul Island in early March were post-lactating females, suggesting they may have raised young during the rainy season (December— April), similar to breeding behavior observed in the Fijian Free-tailed Bat ( C. bregullae ).	Echolocation call is unknown, but is thought to have a loud low frequency call (c.20 kHz) similar to that of the closely related Fijian Free-tailed Bat.	The original collection in a cave at Mufu Point ( Santa Isabel Island) suggests that the species roosts in very large colonies, and a “sackfull” (more than 200 individuals) was gathered by the collector, who attempted to photograph the swarm described as being “a mile in length and 50 yards broad.” Like the Fijian Free-tailed Bat, the Solomons Free-tailed Bat probably forms large maternity colonies atjust a few caves.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List, despite its range being less than 20,000 km ?; this was because it was assumed to occur in large numbers and that additional surveys would find more locations. These ideas may require revision, given widespread logging over much of the Solomon Islands including Santa Isabel Island, and the failure of surveys to locate the species elsewhere. Acoustic surveys by T. E. Davies and colleagues in 2016, and M. Pennay and T. H. Lavery in 2017, on other Solomon Island groups did not locate the species although inconclusive calls similar to those of other molossids were recorded at Ndoma, Guadalcanal Island.	Adams et al. (1988) | Bonaccorso (1998) | Davies et al. (2016) | Felten (1964a) | Flannery (1995a) | Hamilton (2014) | Ingleby & Colgan (2003) | Jackson & Groves (2015) | Pennay & Lavery (2017) | Troughton (1931)	https://zenodo.org/record/6772301/files/figure.png	76. Solomons Free-tailed Bat Chaerephon solomonis French: Tadaride des Salomon / German: Salomonen-Bulldogfledermaus / Spanish: Caerepon de Salomon Other common names: Solomons Mastiff Bat Taxonomy. Chaerephon solomonis Troughton, 1931 , “cave at Mufu Point, six miles [= 10 km ] west of Tuarugu Village, south-west coast of Ysabel [= Isabel Island],” Solomon Islands . Chaerephon solomonis was previously treated as a subspecies of C. jobensis of New Guinea and Australia , but was elevated to species level by T. F. Flannery in 1995 and F.J. Bo-naccorso in 1998; this action was confirmed by genetic analysis by S. Ingleby and D. Colgan in 2003. Monotypic. Distribution. Solomon Is ( Choiseul and Santa Isabel ). Descriptive notes. Head-body 55:6-63 mm, tail 30-35 mm, ear 16-4-18-6 mm, forearm 40-8-43-3 mm; weight 11-5-13 g. The Solomons Free-tailed Bat is one of the smallest members of the genus; it is similar in appearance to the Greater Northern Free-tailed Bat ( C. jobensis ), but is smaller in most aspects. Furis rich, auburn-brown, with white hairs infrequently interspersed. Tragusis lobed and broad attip. Habitat. The Solomons Free-tailed Bat has been captured in sea-cliff caves surrounded by the sea and dense forest at c. 180 m above sea level. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. Six specimens collected from Choiseul Island in early March were post-lactating females, suggesting they may have raised young during the rainy season (December— April), similar to breeding behavior observed in the Fijian Free-tailed Bat ( C. bregullae ). Activity patterns. Echolocation call is unknown, but is thought to have a loud low frequency call (c.20 kHz) similar to that of the closely related Fijian Free-tailed Bat. Movements, Home range and Social organization. The original collection in a cave at Mufu Point ( Santa Isabel Island) suggests that the species roosts in very large colonies, and a “sackfull” (more than 200 individuals) was gathered by the collector, who attempted to photograph the swarm described as being “a mile in length and 50 yards broad.” Like the Fijian Free-tailed Bat, the Solomons Free-tailed Bat probably forms large maternity colonies atjust a few caves. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List, despite its range being less than 20,000 km ?; this was because it was assumed to occur in large numbers and that additional surveys would find more locations. These ideas may require revision, given widespread logging over much of the Solomon Islands including Santa Isabel Island, and the failure of surveys to locate the species elsewhere. Acoustic surveys by T. E. Davies and colleagues in 2016, and M. Pennay and T. H. Lavery in 2017, on other Solomon Island groups did not locate the species although inconclusive calls similar to those of other molossids were recorded at Ndoma, Guadalcanal Island. Bibliography. Adams et al. (1988), Bonaccorso (1998), Davies et al. (2016), Felten (1964a), Flannery (1995a), Hamilton (2014), Ingleby & Colgan (2003), Jackson & Groves (2015), Pennay & Lavery (2017), Troughton (1931).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Molossidae	Mops solomonis	Mops		solomonis	Troughton	1931	1	Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.	59:21:00	Solomons Mastiff Bat	None.	Solomon Isls, SW coast of Ysabel Isl, 6 mi. (9 km) W of Tuarugu Village, cave at Mufu Point.	Solomon Isls.	Not listed.	Least Concern as  Chaerephon solomonis 	 plicatus species group. Often included in jobensis (e.g. Felten, 1964a; Hill, 1983), but provisionally recognized as distinct followingFlannery (1995b).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Mops solomonis	23	Solomons Free-tailed Bat	Solomons Mastiff Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	MOLOSSIDAE	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Mops	Chaerephon	solomonis	Troughton	1931	1	Chaerephon_solomonis	Troughton, E. L. G. (1931). Three new bats of the genera Pteropus, Nyctimene, and Chaerephon from Melanesia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 56(3), 207.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108604#page/265/mode/1up	AM M.3606		"cave at Mufu Point, six miles [= 10 km] west of Tuarugu Village, south-west coast of Ysabel [= Isabel Island]," Solomon Islands.			solomonis (Troughton, 1931)	moved from Chaerephon to Mops, although further research is needed to confirm this placement	Gregorin, R., & Cirranello, A. (2016). Phylogeny of Molossidae Gervais (Mammalia: Chiroptera) inferred by morphological data. Cladistics, 32(1), 2-35.|Simmons, N. B. and A. L. Cirranello (2020). https://batnames.org/explore.html. Accessed: 10 May 2020. URL: https://batnames.org/explore.html.	Solomon Islands	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	EN	0	0	0	Chaerephon_solomonis	1	oldname match	Chaerephon_solomonis	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	4320	Chaerephon solomonis	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	MOLOSSIDAE	Chaerephon	solomonis	(Troughton, 1931)	Often this species is included in Chaerephon jobensis (e.g., Felten 1964, Koopman 1993), but others treat it as a distinct species (e.g., Flannery 1995, Simmons 2005). The species was previously treated under Tadarida on the IUCN Red List. Parnaby et al. (2017) consider the taxonomic status of the species unresolved.	20000000	Chaerephon solomonis	Endangered	B2ab(ii,iii,v)	2020	2019-07-28 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	<p></p><p>Chaerephon solomonis ; is listed as Endangered EN B2ab(ii,iii,v) because its area of occupancy (AOO) in the only two known roost caves (a third unconfirmed roost on Choiseul Island is presumed) is estimated to be 10-12 km². Additional unconfirmed roosts may also exist but the total area of occupancy is likely to be well below 500 km². The<span lang="EN-AU"> Solomons Free-tailed Bat is dependent on roost caves for reproduction and shelter. A decline in the number of mature individuals has been documented at Mufu Point Caves and is also suspected or inferred based on a significant decline in the area and quality of habitat due to ongoing logging and garden expansion. The roost caves are also severely fragmented, occurring on disjunct islands, or with tracts of logged forests between them (T. Leary pers. comm). Although the species may qualify as Critically Endangered, given some temporal and spatial gaps in survey efforts we keep the species classified as Endangered.</p> <p></p>	<p>Troughton (1931) described the type locality (Mufu Point on Santa Isabel) as being caves opening out to cliffs over ocean (Troughton 1931, as referenced in Flannery 1995). A second cave is located 10 km to the northwest of this cave, similarly opened out of cliffs to the ocean (T. Leary pers. comm). The Solomons Free-tailed Bat has a lowland distribution on these islands and the majority of these forests have been logged in the past 40 years and logging in the remaining lowland forests is ongoing including re-entry logging on less than 35-year rotations (Katovai et al . 2015, T. Leary pers. comm.). ; </p>	Logging of lowland forests in Solomon Islands is likely a threat to Solomons Free-tailed Bats as the majority of lowland forests have been logged in the last 40 years, and logging is on-going (Katovai et al. 2015, T. Leary pers. comm.) with remaining lowland forests likely to be exhausted soon (Lavery et al. 2013). ;Many caves in the Solomon’s have human disturbance often with evidence of nets or lawyer vine ‘curtain’ bat traps being used, and also fires and diggings for rumoured Japanese WW2 ‘treasure’; it is unknown if this species is targeted for food.<p><u></u></p>	A decline in the number of mature individuals is suspected based on a decline in the area and quality of habitat due to ongoing logging and garden expansion. The Solomons Free-tailed Bat is only known to occur only on Choiseul and Isabel Islands in the Solomon Islands, where it roosts colonially in caves. It is known only from two roost caves: one at Mufu Point and a second 10 km NW along the coast (Isabel) (T. Leary pers. comm.); there is an unconfirmed roost cave on Choiseul that has yet to be located. The Solomons Free-tailed Bat has a lowland distribution on these islands and the majority of these forests have been logged in the past 40 years and logging in the remaining lowland forests is ongoing including re-entry logging on less than 35-year rotations (Katovai et al . 2015, T. Leary pers. comm). The population appears to have undergone a substantial decline. The initial account of the colony at Mufu Point describes the emergence of an apparently very large population in a “swarm… a mile in length and 50 yards broad...” (Troughton 1931 in Flannery 1995). When the caves were revisited in 1989 only an estimated few hundred to one to two thousand bats were observed (T. Leary pers. comm). More recently, the species was not detected in acoustic sampling on Choiseul and Isabel Islands and other Solomon Island groups (Davies et al . 2016, Pennay and Lavery 2017).	Decreasing	This little-known species is endemic to the Solomon Islands where it has been recorded on the islands of Choiseul and Santa Isabel (Flannery 1995). Altitudinal distribution of the species is unknown but all records appear to be close to sea-level (T. Leary pers. comm). The Solomons Free-tailed Bat has a lowland distribution on these islands and the majority of these forests have been logged in the past 40 years and logging in the remaining lowland forests is ongoing including re-entry logging on less than 35-year rotations (Katovai et al . 2015, T. Leary pers. comm).		Terrestrial	The Solomons Free-tailed Bat is not known from any protected areas. A significant population was previously documented at the Mufu Point caves on Santa Isabel. Parnaby et al . (2017) give the co-ordinates of Mufu Point as 8°16'S 159°20'E. The two known roosts on Santa Isabel Island warrant protection and effective management. Additional studies into the population size and trends, distribution, habitat use, roosting requirements, general ecology, and threats to this species are needed. Parnaby et al. (2017) consider the taxonomic status of the species unresolved.	Australasian		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Molossidae	Mops		solomonis	Troughton	1931	1	Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.	59:21:00	Solomons Mastiff Bat	None.	Solomon Isls, SW coast of Ysabel Isl, 6 mi. (9 km) W of Tuarugu Village, cave at Mufu Point.	Solomon Isls.	Not listed.	Least Concern as  Chaerephon solomonis 	 plicatus species group. Often included in jobensis (e.g. Felten, 1964a; Hill, 1983), but provisionally recognized as distinct followingFlannery (1995b).	Mops solomonis	1005162	23	Solomons Free-tailed Bat	Solomons Mastiff Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Molossidae	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Mops	Chaerephon	solomonis	Troughton	1931	1	Chaerephon_solomonis	Troughton, E. L. G. (1931). Three new bats of the genera Pteropus, Nyctimene, and Chaerephon from Melanesia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 56(3), 207.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108604#page/265/mode/1up	AM M.3606		"cave at Mufu Point, six miles [= 10 km] west of Tuarugu Village, south-west coast of Ysabel [= Isabel Island]," Solomon Islands.			solomonis (Troughton, 1931)	moved from Chaerephon to Mops, although further research is needed to confirm this placement	Gregorin, R., & Cirranello, A. (2016). Phylogeny of Molossidae Gervais (Mammalia: Chiroptera) inferred by morphological data. Cladistics, 32(1), 2-35.|Simmons, N. B. and A. L. Cirranello (2020). https://batnames.org/explore.html. Accessed: 10 May 2020. URL: https://batnames.org/explore.html.				Solomon Islands	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	EN	0	0	0	Chaerephon_solomonis	1	oldname match	Chaerephon_solomonis	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Mops_solomonis	1005162	23	Solomons Free-tailed Bat	Solomons Mastiff Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Molossidae	Molossinae	NA	Mops	Chaerephon	solomonis	Troughton	1	Chaerephon solomonis	Troughton, E.L.G. 1931. Three new bats of the genera Pteropus, Nyctimene, and Chaerephon from Melanesia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 56:204-209.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34927816	AM M.3606	holotype		"cave at Mufu Point, six miles [= 10 km] west of Tuarugu Village, south-west coast of Ysabel [= Isabel Island]," Solomon Islands.	-8.26667	159.3333	moved from Chaerephon to Mops, although further research is needed to confirm this placement	Gregorin, R., & Cirranello, A. (2016). Phylogeny of Molossidae Gervais (Mammalia: Chiroptera) inferred by morphological data. Cladistics, 32(1), 2-35.|Simmons, N. B. and A. L. Cirranello (2020). https://batnames.org/explore.html. Accessed: 10 May 2020. URL: https://batnames.org/explore.html.				Solomon Islands	Oceania (Continent)	Australasia	EN	0	0	0	Chaerephon_solomonis	1	oldname match	Chaerephon_solomonis	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Molossidae	Mops		solomonis	Troughton	1931	1	Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.	59:27:00	Solomons Mastiff Bat	None.	Solomon Isls, SW coast of Ysabel Isl, 6 mi. (9 km) W of Tuarugu Village, cave at Mufu Point.	Solomon Isls.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/4320/22017829/' target='_blank'>Endangered</a>	plicatusspecies group. Often included in jobensis (e.g. Felten, 1964a; Hill, 1983), but provisionally recognized as distinct followingFlannery (1995b).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Chaerephon solomonis; Chaerephon solomonis; Mops solomonis; Mops solomonis; Chaerephon solomonis; Mops solomonis; solomonis; Tadaride des Salomon; Salomonen-Bulldogfledermaus; Caerepon de Salomon; Solomons Mastiff Bat; Solomons Free-tailed Bat; Solomons Mastiff Bat; Solomons Mastiff Bat; Solomons Mastiff Bat; M. solomonis