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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L713	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Tadarida condylura	Mops condylurus	Tadarida condylura	Mops condylurus	Mops condylurus	Mops condylurus	Mops condylurus	Mops condylurus	Mops condylurus	Mops condylurus	Mops condylurus	Mops condylurus	Mops condylurus	Mops condylurus	Mops condylurus		[MSW2] Subgenus Mops.; [MSW3] Subgenus Mops. Does not include leucostigma; see Peterson et al., 1995. Distribution mapped by Taylor (2000a).; [HMW] Nyctinomus condylurus A. Smith, 1833 , Durban, KwaZulu-Natal , South Africa . Although up to four subspecies were recognized by K. F. Koopman in 1994, lack of information from most of the range, as well as the difficulty in assigning populations to these subspecies, makes it inadvisable to recognize subspecies until a full taxonomic revision has been performed. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Subgenus Mops .  Does not include leucostigma ; see Peterson et al., 1995. Distribution mapped by Taylor (2000 a ).; [IUCN] Many subspecies have been described, but none are recognised here due to the variability in pelage colour and size known to occur within only one locality (Skinner &; Chimimba 2005). The sparse-haired band across the shoulders separates Mops from Tadarida and most Chaerephon species (Monadjem et al. 2010). The similar-sized Chaerephon ansorgei shows a shoulder band, but has a black throat; and Mops midas is far larger (forearm length &gt; 52 mm) (Monadjem et al. 2010).; [batnames2023] Subgenus Mops .  Does not include leucostigma ; see Peterson et al., 1995. Distribution mapped by Taylor (2000 a ).; [batnames2025_1.7] Subgenus Mops. Does not include leucostigma; see Peterson et al., 1995. Distribution mapped by Taylor (2000 a).						angolensis, fulva, leucostigma, occidentalis, orientis, osborni, wonderi.	wonderi, orientis, osborni, condylurus, leucostigma	condylurus, orientis, osborni, wonderi	angolensis; osborni - fulva, occidentalis			condylurus, orientis, osborni, wonderi	condylurus - angolensis; osborni - fulva, occidentalis	condylurus, hepaticus, angolensis, emini, osborni, wonderi, occidentalis, fulva, orientis	Many subspecies have been described, but none are recognised here due to the variability in pelage colour and size known to occur within only one locality (Skinner &; Chimimba 2005). The sparse-haired band across the shoulders separates Mops from Tadarida and most Chaerephon species (Monadjem et al. 2010). The similar-sized Chaerephon ansorgei shows a shoulder band, but has a black throat; and Mops midas is far larger (forearm length &gt; 52 mm) (Monadjem et al. 2010).	condylurus, orientis, osborni, wonderi	condylurus - angolensis; osborni - fulva, occidentalis	condylurus, hepaticus, angolensis, emini, osborni, wonderi, occidentalis, fulva, orientis	condylurus, hepaticus, angolensis, osborni, wonderi, fulva, occidentalis, orientis	condylurus, orientis, osborni, wonderi	condylurus - angolensis; osborni - fulva, occidentalis	condylurus (A. Smith, 1833)|hepaticus (von Heuglin, 1864)|angolensis (W. C. H. Peters, 1870)|osborni J. A. Allen in J. A. Allen, Lang, & Chapin, 1917|wonderi Sanborn, 1936|fulva Monard, 1939 [variety or form]|occidentalis Monard, 1939|orientis G. M. Allen & Loveridge, 1942		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Angola free-tailed bat	Gambia – Somalia – Angola, Mozambique, Madagascar	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Mops condylurus	South Africa, Natal, Durban.	A. Smith	1833	S. Afr. Quart. J., 1:54.	Distribution: Ranging from Mauretania to Ethiopia and south to Angola and Natal.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Angola free-tailed bat	Senegal – Somalia – S Africa; Madagascar	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	A. Smith	1833	S. Afr. Quart. J., 1:54.	Subgenus Mops.	Senegal to Somalia, south to Angola, Botswana, and Natal (South Africa); Madagascar.	South Africa, Natal, Durban.		A. SMITH	1833	Last upper molar considerably reduced. Anterior upper premolar vestigial but present. Basisphenoid pits relatively shallow. Upper lip wrinkles relatively numerous. Size medium (forearm length, 44-51 mm).	Distribution: Ranging from Mauretania to Ethiopia and south to Angola and Natal.	Five subspecies are recognized here:	M. c. wonderi (Mauretania and Guinea-Bissau at least to Mali), M. c. orientis (Tanzania), M. c. osborni (Congo-Brazzaville and southwestern Zaire), M. c. condylurus (Angola and southeastern Zaire to Natal), M. c. leucostigma (Madagascar). Many populations remain unallocated subspecifically.	141	species	M. condylurus	A. SMITH	1833	Mops	subgenus	Mops condylurus				Last upper molar considerably reduced. Anterior upper premolar vestigial but present. Basisphenoid pits relatively shallow. Upper lip wrinkles relatively numerous. Size medium (forearm length, 44-51 mm).	Five subspecies are recognized here:		6. M. condylurus (A. SMITH 1833).	6	_M. c. condylurus_ (Smith, 1833) (synonyms: _angolensis_ (Peters, 1870)); _M. c. orientis_ Allen & Loveridge, 1942; _M. c. osborni_ Allen, 1917 (synonyms: _fulva_ Monard, 1939, _occidentalis_ Monard, 1939); _M. c. wonderi_ Sanborn, 1936			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Molossidae	Molossinae		Mops condylurus	Mops	Mops	condylurus	A. Smith	y	1833		S. Afr. Quart. J.	1		54		Angolan Free-tailed Bat	South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal Prov., Durban.	Mauritania and Senegal to Somalia, south to Angola, Botswana, and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	angolensis Peters, 1870; orientis G. M. Allen and Loveridge, 1942; osborni J. A. Allen, 1917; fulva Monard, 1939; occidentalis Monard, 1939; wonderi Sanbron, 1936.	Subgenus Mops. Does not include leucostigma; see Peterson et al., 1995. Distribution mapped by Taylor (2000a).	194287C9FF9EBA33B1B2F3BFB34FF987	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Molossidae_598.pdf.imf	hash://md5/e57bffb1ffbcba10b412f760b226ffce	653	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/19/42/87/194287C9FF9EBA33B1B2F3BFB34FF987.xml	Mops condylurus	Molossidae	Mops	condylurus	A. Smith	1833	Tadaride d Angola @fr | Angola-Bulldogfledermaus @de | Mops de Angola @es | Angolan Mops Bat @en | Knob-tailed Mops Bat @en | Knob-tailed Nyctinome @en	Nyctinomus condylurus A. Smith, 1833 , Durban, KwaZulu-Natal , South Africa . Although up to four subspecies were recognized by K. F. Koopman in 1994, lack of information from most of the range, as well as the difficulty in assigning populations to these subspecies, makes it inadvisable to recognize subspecies until a full taxonomic revision has been performed. Monotypic.	S Mauritania and Senegal E to SW Somalia and S (except most of Congo Basin) to SW Angola , N Botswana , S Zimbabwe , S Mozambique , Swaziland , and E South Africa ( KwaZulu-Natal ).	Head-body ¢.64-75 mm, tail 32-52 mm, ear 12-21 mm, hindfoot 11-19 mm, forearm 45-51 mm; weight 16-39 g. Dorsalfur is short, sparse, almost lacking on nape and not extending onto uropatagium, blackish brown, grayish brown, pale gray or pale grayish brown, sometimes with white flecks; underside is grayish brown, pale fawn, yellowish white or whitish, with distinct mid-ventral white markings of variable size and shape (sometimes absent) and white flank-stripe. There are c.7 wrinkles on each side of upper lip and many spoon-shaped hairs. Ears are blackish brown; relatively short (reaching halfway along muzzle when laid forward), inner margins joined by interaural band with backward-opening pouch containing erectile crest of short brown hairs, in both sexes. Tragusis small, squarish, and concealed by antitragus, which is large and subrectangular, with upperside convex and rounded corners. Wings are grayish to pale brown and translucent, and uropatagium is dark grayish brown. Anterior palate is closed and basisphenoid pits are shallow and weakly developed. As is typical for Mops , cusps on M? have third ridge reduced, less than one-half of second. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 48 and FNa = 56 ( Uganda ) or 2n = 48 and FNa = 66 ( Somalia and South Africa ).	While typically associated with hot climates in low-lying areas, the Angolan Free-tailed Bat is able to exploit a very wide range of habitats from semiarid to mesic, and including urban and agricultural areas. Recorded mainly in woodland savanna, including undifferentiated woodland, Isoberlinia ( Fabaceae ) woodland, mosaics of rainforest and secondarygrassland, wetter and drier miombo woodland, coastal mosaics, Acacia ( Fabaceae )— Commiphora ( Burseraceae ) bushland and thicket, and other kinds of thicket bushland.	Angolan Free-tailed Bats are open-air foragers, having long, narrow wings with high wing loading (18 N/m?*) and intermediate aspect ratio (9-1). They feed mainly on Coleoptera , Hemiptera , Diptera , and Lepidoptera .	Female Angolan Free-tailed Bats are seasonally polyestrous. In eastern South Africa , two birth seasons occur between early September and early May. Gestation lasts 85-90 days. Following the December birth season there is a postpartum estrus. The interval between the two consecutive births decreases with increasing latitude so that births coincide with peaks in rainfall. At 0-1° N in Uganda , births occurred in February-March and July-August, just before each peak in rainfall. At 2° 18’ S in Kenya , births occurred in each of the two wet seasons (November and March-April). At 14-16° S in Malawi , births occurred in November to December and February to March. At 24-26° S in South Africa , births occurred in mid-December and early April. In males, spermatogenic activity peaks from August to early September and from November to early December in eastern South Africa . Litter size is one. On following pages: 81. Congo Free-tailed Bat ( Mops congicus ); 82. Mongalla Free-tailed Bat ( Mops demonstrator ); 83. Midas Free-tailed Bat ( Mops midas ); 84. Dwarf Free-tailed Bat ( Mops nanulus ); 85. Niangara Free-tailed Bat ( Mops niangarae ); 86. White-bellied Free-tailed Bat ( Mops niveiventen; 87. Peterson's Free-tailed Bat ( Mops peterson); 88. Spurrell's Free-tailed Bat ( Mops spurrell)); 89. Railer Free-tailed Bat ( Mops thersites ); 90. Trevor's Free-tailed Bat ( Mops trevor ); 91. Malagasy White-bellied Free-tailed Bat ( Mops leucostigma ); 92. Malayan Free-tailed Bat ( Mops mops ); 93. Sulawesian Free-tailed Bat ( Mops sarasinorum ); 94. Harrison's Giant Mastiff Bat ( Otomops harrisoni); 95. Large-eared Giant Mastiff Bat ( Otomops martiensseni ); 96. Madagascar Giant Mastiff Bat ( Otomops madagascariensis ); 97. Wroughton's Giant Mastiff Bat ( Otomops wroughtoni ); 98. Java Giant Mastiff Bat ( Otomops formosus ); 99. Johnstone's Giant Mastiff Bat ( Otomops johnstonei ); 100. Mantled Giant Mastiff Bat ( Otomops secundus ); 101. Papuan Giant Mastiff Bat ( Otomops papuensis ).	Feeding may occur throughout the night, with Angolan Free-tailed Bats departing their roost at dusk, 15-60 minutes after sunset, and returning in a swarm at dawn. One study in Kenya reported that males emerged prior to females. The species occupies natural roosts such as crevices in rocks and hollows in trees, but also very commonly roosts in human-made structures such as attics of house roofs and expansion joints in bridges. Angolan Free-tailed Bats emit echolocation calls of low peak frequency (c.25 kHz), narrow bandwidth (c.9 kHz), and long duration (c¢.10 milliseconds). Predators include bat hawks (Macheiramphus alcinus), other diurnal raptors, and occasionally snakes and genets.	Angolan Free-tailed Bats roost communally in small (10-20) to very large colonies that may number thousands, which often leads to their being regarded as pests by the public, due to the accumulation of droppings and strong smell where they occupy houses and other buildings. Within the colony, they huddle in clusters up to three bats deep, with much jostling and squeaking before they settle down after returning to the roost. They become noisy again c.2 hours before emerging at dusk. Studies of their thermal biology and osmoregulation explain how they are able to exploit such a wide range of habitats. For example, under the hot daytime conditions found in the South African lowveld, they actively select temperatures of 35—40°C at their roost,as it corresponds to their thermoneutral zone and allows them to save energy by maintaining basal metabolism. Higher ambient temperatures result in dehydration. At lower temperatures, they are capable of entering torpor, when body temperature can drop as low as 12°C. They sometimes share roosts with Little Free-tailed Bats ( Chaerephon pumilus ).	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.	ACR (2017) | Bouchard (2001b) | Bronner et al. (1999) | Buffenstein et al. (1999) | Happold, D.C.D. & Happold (1989) | Happold, M. (2013aj) | Koopman (1994) | Maloney et al. (1999) | Monadjem, Cotterill, Hutson et al. (2017e) | Monadjem, Taylor et al. (2010) | Mutere (1973a) | O'Shea & Vaughan (1980) | Vivier & van der Merwe (1996, 1997 2007)	https://zenodo.org/record/6567862/files/figure.png	80. Angolan Free-tailed Bat Mops condylurus French: Tadaride dAngola / German: Angola-Bulldogfledermaus / Spanish: Mops de Angola Other common names: Angolan Mops Bat , Knob-tailed Mops Bat , Knob-tailed Nyctinome Taxonomy. Nyctinomus condylurus A. Smith, 1833 , Durban, KwaZulu-Natal , South Africa . Although up to four subspecies were recognized by K. F. Koopman in 1994, lack of information from most of the range, as well as the difficulty in assigning populations to these subspecies, makes it inadvisable to recognize subspecies until a full taxonomic revision has been performed. Monotypic. Distribution. S Mauritania and Senegal E to SW Somalia and S (except most of Congo Basin) to SW Angola , N Botswana , S Zimbabwe , S Mozambique , Swaziland , and E South Africa ( KwaZulu-Natal ). Descriptive notes. Head-body ¢.64-75 mm, tail 32-52 mm, ear 12-21 mm, hindfoot 11-19 mm, forearm 45-51 mm; weight 16-39 g. Dorsalfur is short, sparse, almost lacking on nape and not extending onto uropatagium, blackish brown, grayish brown, pale gray or pale grayish brown, sometimes with white flecks; underside is grayish brown, pale fawn, yellowish white or whitish, with distinct mid-ventral white markings of variable size and shape (sometimes absent) and white flank-stripe. There are c.7 wrinkles on each side of upper lip and many spoon-shaped hairs. Ears are blackish brown; relatively short (reaching halfway along muzzle when laid forward), inner margins joined by interaural band with backward-opening pouch containing erectile crest of short brown hairs, in both sexes. Tragusis small, squarish, and concealed by antitragus, which is large and subrectangular, with upperside convex and rounded corners. Wings are grayish to pale brown and translucent, and uropatagium is dark grayish brown. Anterior palate is closed and basisphenoid pits are shallow and weakly developed. As is typical for Mops , cusps on M? have third ridge reduced, less than one-half of second. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 48 and FNa = 56 ( Uganda ) or 2n = 48 and FNa = 66 ( Somalia and South Africa ). Habitat. While typically associated with hot climates in low-lying areas, the Angolan Free-tailed Bat is able to exploit a very wide range of habitats from semiarid to mesic, and including urban and agricultural areas. Recorded mainly in woodland savanna, including undifferentiated woodland, Isoberlinia ( Fabaceae ) woodland, mosaics of rainforest and secondarygrassland, wetter and drier miombo woodland, coastal mosaics, Acacia ( Fabaceae )— Commiphora ( Burseraceae ) bushland and thicket, and other kinds of thicket bushland. Food and Feeding. Angolan Free-tailed Bats are open-air foragers, having long, narrow wings with high wing loading (18 N/m?*) and intermediate aspect ratio (9-1). They feed mainly on Coleoptera , Hemiptera , Diptera , and Lepidoptera . Breeding. Female Angolan Free-tailed Bats are seasonally polyestrous. In eastern South Africa , two birth seasons occur between early September and early May. Gestation lasts 85-90 days. Following the December birth season there is a postpartum estrus. The interval between the two consecutive births decreases with increasing latitude so that births coincide with peaks in rainfall. At 0-1° N in Uganda , births occurred in February-March and July-August, just before each peak in rainfall. At 2° 18’ S in Kenya , births occurred in each of the two wet seasons (November and March-April). At 14-16° S in Malawi , births occurred in November to December and February to March. At 24-26° S in South Africa , births occurred in mid-December and early April. In males, spermatogenic activity peaks from August to early September and from November to early December in eastern South Africa . Litter size is one. On following pages: 81. Congo Free-tailed Bat ( Mops congicus ); 82. Mongalla Free-tailed Bat ( Mops demonstrator ); 83. Midas Free-tailed Bat ( Mops midas ); 84. Dwarf Free-tailed Bat ( Mops nanulus ); 85. Niangara Free-tailed Bat ( Mops niangarae ); 86. White-bellied Free-tailed Bat ( Mops niveiventen; 87. Peterson's Free-tailed Bat ( Mops peterson); 88. Spurrell's Free-tailed Bat ( Mops spurrell)); 89. Railer Free-tailed Bat ( Mops thersites ); 90. Trevor's Free-tailed Bat ( Mops trevor ); 91. Malagasy White-bellied Free-tailed Bat ( Mops leucostigma ); 92. Malayan Free-tailed Bat ( Mops mops ); 93. Sulawesian Free-tailed Bat ( Mops sarasinorum ); 94. Harrison's Giant Mastiff Bat ( Otomops harrisoni); 95. Large-eared Giant Mastiff Bat ( Otomops martiensseni ); 96. Madagascar Giant Mastiff Bat ( Otomops madagascariensis ); 97. Wroughton's Giant Mastiff Bat ( Otomops wroughtoni ); 98. Java Giant Mastiff Bat ( Otomops formosus ); 99. Johnstone's Giant Mastiff Bat ( Otomops johnstonei ); 100. Mantled Giant Mastiff Bat ( Otomops secundus ); 101. Papuan Giant Mastiff Bat ( Otomops papuensis ). Activity patterns. Feeding may occur throughout the night, with Angolan Free-tailed Bats departing their roost at dusk, 15-60 minutes after sunset, and returning in a swarm at dawn. One study in Kenya reported that males emerged prior to females. The species occupies natural roosts such as crevices in rocks and hollows in trees, but also very commonly roosts in human-made structures such as attics of house roofs and expansion joints in bridges. Angolan Free-tailed Bats emit echolocation calls of low peak frequency (c.25 kHz), narrow bandwidth (c.9 kHz), and long duration (c¢.10 milliseconds). Predators include bat hawks (Macheiramphus alcinus), other diurnal raptors, and occasionally snakes and genets. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Angolan Free-tailed Bats roost communally in small (10-20) to very large colonies that may number thousands, which often leads to their being regarded as pests by the public, due to the accumulation of droppings and strong smell where they occupy houses and other buildings. Within the colony, they huddle in clusters up to three bats deep, with much jostling and squeaking before they settle down after returning to the roost. They become noisy again c.2 hours before emerging at dusk. Studies of their thermal biology and osmoregulation explain how they are able to exploit such a wide range of habitats. For example, under the hot daytime conditions found in the South African lowveld, they actively select temperatures of 35—40°C at their roost,as it corresponds to their thermoneutral zone and allows them to save energy by maintaining basal metabolism. Higher ambient temperatures result in dehydration. At lower temperatures, they are capable of entering torpor, when body temperature can drop as low as 12°C. They sometimes share roosts with Little Free-tailed Bats ( Chaerephon pumilus ). Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Bibliography. ACR (2017), Bouchard (2001b), Bronner et al. (1999), Buffenstein et al. (1999), Happold, D.C.D. & Happold (1989), Happold, M. (2013aj), Koopman (1994), Maloney et al. (1999), Monadjem, Cotterill, Hutson et al. (2017e), Monadjem, Taylor et al. (2010), Mutere (1973a), O'Shea & Vaughan (1980), Vivier & van der Merwe (1996, 1997 2007).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Molossidae	Mops condylurus	Mops	Mops	condylurus	A. Smith	1833	1	S. Afr. Quart. J.	1:54	Angolan Free-tailed Bat	 angolensis Peters, 1870; <b>orientis</b> G. M. Allen and Loveridge, 1942; <b> osborni </b> J. A. Allen, 1917;  fulva Monard, 1939; occidentalis Monard, 1939;  <b>wonderi</b> Sanbron, 1936.	South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal Prov., Durban.	Mauritania and Senegal to Somalia, south to Angola, Botswana, and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa).	Not listed.	Least Concern	Subgenus Mops .  Does not include leucostigma ; see Peterson et al., 1995. Distribution mapped by Taylor (2000 a ).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Mops condylurus	23	Angolan Free-tailed Bat	Angolan Mops Bat|Knob-tailed Mops Bat|Knob-tailed Nyctinome	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	MOLOSSIDAE	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Mops	Mops	condylurus	A. Smith	1833	1						Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.			condylurus (A. Smith, 1833)|hepaticus (Heuglin, 1864)|angolensis (W. Peters, 1870)|emini (Wroughton, 1911)|osborni J. A. Allen, 1917|wonderi Sanborn, 1936|occidentalis Monard, 1939|fulva Monard, 1939|orientis G. M. Allen, 1942	NA	NA	Senegal|Gambia|Mali|Guinea-Bissau|Sierra Leone|Liberia|Côte d'Ivoire|Burkina Faso|Ghana|Togo|Benin|Niger|Nigeria|Cameroon|Chad|Central African Republic|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Sudan|South Sudan|Ethiopia|Uganda|Kenya|Somalia|Rwanda|Burundi|Tanzania|Angola|Zambia|Malawi|Mozambique|Namibia|Zimbabwe|Botswana|South Africa|Eswatini	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Mops_condylurus	0	sciname match	Mops_condylurus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	13838	Mops condylurus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	MOLOSSIDAE	Mops	condylurus	(A. Smith, 1833)	Many subspecies have been described, but none are recognised here due to the variability in pelage colour and size known to occur within only one locality (Skinner &; Chimimba 2005). The sparse-haired band across the shoulders separates Mops from Tadarida and most Chaerephon species (Monadjem et al. 2010). The similar-sized Chaerephon ansorgei shows a shoulder band, but has a black throat; and Mops midas is far larger (forearm length &gt; 52 mm) (Monadjem et al. 2010).	20000000	Mops condylurus	Least Concern		2017	2016-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.	This species is largely associated with savanna habitats (both moist and dry), although it may sometimes be encountered at the edges of woodland. It is commonly found roosting in buildings, hollow trees and rock crevices.	There are no major threats to this species. Some colonies roosting within buildings are possibly threatened by general persecution.	This is a common species.	Unknown	This bat is widely distributed over much of sub-Saharan Africa. It ranges from Senegal, the Gambia and Mali in the west, to the Sudan, Ethiopia and Somalia in the east; from here it ranges southwards through much of eastern and southern Africa, as far south as eastern South Africa and Swaziland. The species appears to be largely absent from the Congo Basin.		Terrestrial	This species is present in a number of protected areas. No direct conservation actions are currently needed for the species as a whole.	Afrotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Molossidae	Mops	Mops	condylurus	A. Smith	1833	1	S. Afr. Quart. J.	1:54	Angolan Free-tailed Bat	 angolensis Peters, 1870; <b>orientis</b> G. M. Allen and Loveridge, 1942; <b> osborni </b> J. A. Allen, 1917;  fulva Monard, 1939; occidentalis Monard, 1939;  <b>wonderi</b> Sanbron, 1936.	South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal Prov., Durban.	Mauritania and Senegal to Somalia, south to Angola, Botswana, and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa).	Not listed.	Least Concern	Subgenus Mops .  Does not include leucostigma ; see Peterson et al., 1995. Distribution mapped by Taylor (2000 a ).	Mops condylurus	1005210	23	Angolan Free-tailed Bat	Angolan Mops Bat|Knob-tailed Mops Bat|Knob-tailed Nyctinome	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Molossidae	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Mops	Mops	condylurus	A. Smith	1833	1						Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.			condylurus (A. Smith, 1833)|hepaticus (Heuglin, 1864)|angolensis (W. Peters, 1870)|emini (Wroughton, 1911)|osborni J. A. Allen, 1917|wonderi Sanborn, 1936|occidentalis Monard, 1939|fulva Monard, 1939|orientis G. M. Allen, 1942	NA	NA				Senegal|Gambia|Mali|Guinea-Bissau|Sierra Leone|Liberia|Côte d'Ivoire|Burkina Faso|Ghana|Togo|Benin|Niger|Nigeria|Cameroon|Chad|Central African Republic|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Sudan|South Sudan|Ethiopia|Uganda|Kenya|Somalia|Rwanda|Burundi|Tanzania|Angola|Zambia|Malawi|Mozambique|Namibia|Zimbabwe|Botswana|South Africa|Eswatini	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Mops_condylurus	0	sciname match	Mops_condylurus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Mops_condylurus	1005210	23	Angolan Free-tailed Bat	Angolan Mops Bat|Knob-tailed Mops Bat|Knob-tailed Nyctinome	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Molossidae	Molossinae	NA	Mops	Mops	condylurus	A. Smith	1	Nyctinomus Condylurus	Smith, A. 1833. African Zoology. South African Quarterly Journal (2)1(2):49-64.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15968170	untraced (number not known)	nonexistent		Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.			NA	NA				Senegal|Gambia|Mali|Guinea-Bissau|Sierra Leone|Liberia|Cote d'Ivoire|Burkina Faso|Ghana|Togo|Benin|Niger|Nigeria|Cameroon|Chad|Central African Republic|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Sudan|South Sudan|Ethiopia|Uganda|Kenya|Somalia|Rwanda|Burundi|Tanzania|Angola|Zambia|Malawi|Mozambique|Namibia|Zimbabwe|Botswana|South Africa|Eswatini	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Mops_condylurus	0	sciname match	Mops_condylurus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Molossidae	Mops	Mops	condylurus	A. Smith	1833	1	S. Afr. Quart. J.	1:54	Angolan Free-tailed Bat	angolensis Peters, 1870; orientis G. M. Allen and Loveridge, 1942; osborni J. A. Allen, 1917;  fulva Monard, 1939; occidentalis Monard, 1939;  wonderi Sanbron, 1936.	South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal Prov., Durban.	Mauritania and Senegal to Somalia, south to Angola, Botswana, and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/13838/22075340/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Subgenus Mops. Does not include leucostigma; see Peterson et al., 1995. Distribution mapped by Taylor (2000 a).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Mops condylurus; Mops condylurus; Mops condylurus; Mops condylurus; Mops condylurus; Mops condylurus; condylurus; orientis; osborni; wonderi; angolensis; osborni - fulva; occidentalis; orientis; osborni; wonderi; angolensis; osborni - fulva; occidentalis; condylurus; hepaticus; angolensis; emini; osborni; wonderi; occidentalis; fulva; orientis; Tadaride d Angola; Angola-Bulldogfledermaus; Mops de Angola; Angolan Mops Bat; Knob-tailed Mops Bat; Knob-tailed Nyctinome; Angolan Free-tailed Bat; Angolan Mops Bat; Knob-tailed Mops Bat; Knob-tailed Nyctinome; Angolan Free-tailed Bat; Angolan Free-tailed Bat; M. condylurus