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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L710	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	Chaerephon jobensis [synonym of]	N/A	Chaerephon bregullae	Chaerephon bregullae	Mops bregullae	Mops bregullae	Chaerephon bregullae	Mops bregullae	Mops bregullae	Mops bregullae	Mops bregullae	Mops bregullae		[MSW3] plicatus species group. Often included in jobensis (e.g. Felten, 1964a; Hill, 1983), but provisionally recognized as distinct following Flannery (1995b).; [HMW] Tadarida jobensis bregullae Felten, 1964 , “ Malo [Island], Neue Hebri-den [= New Hebrides].” Chaerephon bregullae was initially treated as a subspecies of C.jobensis of New Guinea and Australia , but it was elevated to species level by T. F. Flannery in 1995 and F. J. Bonaccorso in 1998; this action was strongly supported by genetic analysis by S. Ingleby and D. Colgan in 2003. Monotypic.; [batnames2022]  plicatus species group. Often included in jobensis (e.g. Felten, 1964a; Hill, 1983), but provisionally recognized as distinct followingFlannery (1995b).; [MDD2022] moved from Chaerephon to Mops, although further research is needed to confirm this placement; [IUCN] This species was previously considered a subspecies of Chaerephon jobensis (Felten 1964, Hill 1983) but has been recognised as a distinct species since its treatment by Flannery (1995). The taxonomy is considered stable (Simmons 2005) despite the absence of full taxonomic enquiry.; [batnames2023]  plicatus species group. Often included in jobensis (e.g. Felten, 1964a; Hill, 1983), but provisionally recognized as distinct followingFlannery (1995b).; [MDD2023] moved from Chaerephon to Mops, although further research is needed to confirm this placement; [MDD2025_2.0] moved from Chaerephon to Mops, although further research is needed to confirm this placement; [batnames2025_1.7] plicatusspecies group. Often included in jobensis (e.g. Felten, 1964a; Hill, 1983), but provisionally recognized as distinct followingFlannery (1995b).; [MDD2025_2.2] moved from Chaerephon to Mops, although further research is needed to confirm this placement														bregullae	This species was previously considered a subspecies of Chaerephon jobensis (Felten 1964, Hill 1983) but has been recognised as a distinct species since its treatment by Flannery (1995). The taxonomy is considered stable (Simmons 2005) despite the absence of full taxonomic enquiry.			bregullae	bregullae			bregullae (Felten, 1964)						N/A																																								NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Molossidae	Molossinae		Chaerephon bregullae	Chaerephon		bregullae	Felten	y	1964		Senkenberg. Biol.	45		9		Fijian Mastiff Bat	New Hebrides (= Vanatu), Malo Isl.	Vanuatu, Fiji Isls.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt).		plicatus species group. Often included in jobensis (e.g. Felten, 1964a; Hill, 1983), but provisionally recognized as distinct following Flannery (1995b).	194287C9FFA3BA0FB1A5F213BBB4F373	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Molossidae_598.pdf.imf	hash://md5/e57bffb1ffbcba10b412f760b226ffce	650	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/19/42/87/194287C9FFA3BA0FB1A5F213BBB4F373.xml	Chaerephon bregullae	Molossidae	Chaerephon	bregullae	Felten	1964	Tadaride du Pacifique @fr | Fidschi-Bulldogfledermaus @de | Caerepon del Pacifico @es | Fiji Free-tailed Bat @en | Fijian Mastiff Bat @en | Fiji Mastiff Bat @en	Tadarida jobensis bregullae Felten, 1964 , “ Malo [Island], Neue Hebri-den [= New Hebrides].” Chaerephon bregullae was initially treated as a subspecies of C.jobensis of New Guinea and Australia , but it was elevated to species level by T. F. Flannery in 1995 and F. J. Bonaccorso in 1998; this action was strongly supported by genetic analysis by S. Ingleby and D. Colgan in 2003. Monotypic.	Known only from a few Is in Vanuatu (Espiritu Santo and Malo) and Fiji (Vanua Levu and Taveuni).	Head-body 65:5-67-5 mm, tail 42-45 mm, ear 16-20 mm, forearm 51-54 mm; weight 16-22 g. The Fijian Free-tailed Bat is similar in appearance to the Solomons Free-tailed Bat ( C. solomonis ) and the Greater Northern Free-tailed Bat ( C. jobensis ) but lacks papillae on ear margins.	The Fijian Free-tailed Bat has been recorded foraging over beaches, coconut groves and village gardens, the ocean, tropical rainforest, and cloud forest, at elevations from sea level up to 850 m .	No information.	Fijian Free-tailed Bats congregate in a few caves to form very large maternity colonies. It is believed most females in Fiji congregate at Nakanacagi Cave (Vanua Levu) to give birth. Large colonies are also reported from Nanumbu Cave (Espiritu Santo), and Tan Lensigo and Abounatori caves (Malo) in Vanuatu . The timing of births appears synchronized across the species’ range, with young being born in December, and females lactating throughout the rainy season (December—April); young are presumably weaned around the end of April.	The Fijian Free-tailed Bat has mostly been captured roosting in caves. It has a loud and distinctive echolocation call between 35 kHz and 20 kHz.	Both males and females have been captured at roost caves. Cave colonies have been described as being very large and containing “thousands” of bats. In 2014, A. T. Scanlon and colleagues estimated the total number of bats in Nakanacagi Cave at 2000 individuals.	Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List, because the number of individuals is low and decreasing, the range is also decreasing, and the number of breeding locations is very low. Key threats appear to be habitat loss due to increasing human population, and hunting and direct exploitation. In 2014, Scanlon and colleagues noted the presence of nets and poles for harvesting bats at the only known maternity site in Fiji . Cave deposits show it was once more widely distributed in Fiji ( Viti Levu) and Tonga (‘ Eua ) but has become extinct since human arrival. Surveys in Fiji suggest its range is quite limited, and it is absent from many apparently suitable areas.	Bonaccorso (1998) | Felten (1964a) | Flannery (1995a) | Ingleby & Colgan (2003) | Koopman & Steadman (1995) | Palmeirim et al. (2007) | Scanlon et al. (2014) | Worthy & Anderson (2009)	https://zenodo.org/record/6772299/files/figure.png	75. Fijian Free-tailed Bat Chaerephon bregullae French: Tadaride du Pacifique / German: Fidschi-Bulldogfledermaus / Spanish: Caerepon del Pacifico Other common names: Fiji Free-tailed Bat , Fijian Mastiff Bat , Fiji Mastiff Bat Taxonomy. Tadarida jobensis bregullae Felten, 1964 , “ Malo [Island], Neue Hebri-den [= New Hebrides].” Chaerephon bregullae was initially treated as a subspecies of C.jobensis of New Guinea and Australia , but it was elevated to species level by T. F. Flannery in 1995 and F. J. Bonaccorso in 1998; this action was strongly supported by genetic analysis by S. Ingleby and D. Colgan in 2003. Monotypic. Distribution. Known only from a few Is in Vanuatu (Espiritu Santo and Malo) and Fiji (Vanua Levu and Taveuni). Descriptive notes. Head-body 65:5-67-5 mm, tail 42-45 mm, ear 16-20 mm, forearm 51-54 mm; weight 16-22 g. The Fijian Free-tailed Bat is similar in appearance to the Solomons Free-tailed Bat ( C. solomonis ) and the Greater Northern Free-tailed Bat ( C. jobensis ) but lacks papillae on ear margins. Habitat. The Fijian Free-tailed Bat has been recorded foraging over beaches, coconut groves and village gardens, the ocean, tropical rainforest, and cloud forest, at elevations from sea level up to 850 m . Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. Fijian Free-tailed Bats congregate in a few caves to form very large maternity colonies. It is believed most females in Fiji congregate at Nakanacagi Cave (Vanua Levu) to give birth. Large colonies are also reported from Nanumbu Cave (Espiritu Santo), and Tan Lensigo and Abounatori caves (Malo) in Vanuatu . The timing of births appears synchronized across the species’ range, with young being born in December, and females lactating throughout the rainy season (December—April); young are presumably weaned around the end of April. Activity patterns. The Fijian Free-tailed Bat has mostly been captured roosting in caves. It has a loud and distinctive echolocation call between 35 kHz and 20 kHz. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Both males and females have been captured at roost caves. Cave colonies have been described as being very large and containing “thousands” of bats. In 2014, A. T. Scanlon and colleagues estimated the total number of bats in Nakanacagi Cave at 2000 individuals. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List, because the number of individuals is low and decreasing, the range is also decreasing, and the number of breeding locations is very low. Key threats appear to be habitat loss due to increasing human population, and hunting and direct exploitation. In 2014, Scanlon and colleagues noted the presence of nets and poles for harvesting bats at the only known maternity site in Fiji . Cave deposits show it was once more widely distributed in Fiji ( Viti Levu) and Tonga (‘ Eua ) but has become extinct since human arrival. Surveys in Fiji suggest its range is quite limited, and it is absent from many apparently suitable areas. Bibliography. Bonaccorso (1998), Felten (1964a), Flannery (1995a), Ingleby & Colgan (2003), Koopman & Steadman (1995), Palmeirim et al. (2007), Scanlon et al. (2014), Worthy & Anderson (2009).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Molossidae	Mops bregullae	Mops		bregullae	Felten	1964	1	Senkenberg. Biol.	######	Fijian Free-tailed Bat	None.	New Hebrides (= Vanatu), Malo Isl.	Vanuatu, Fiji Isls.	Not listed.	Endangered as Chaerephon bregullae 	 plicatus species group. Often included in jobensis (e.g. Felten, 1964a; Hill, 1983), but provisionally recognized as distinct followingFlannery (1995b).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Mops bregullae	23	Fijian Free-tailed Bat	Fiji Free-tailed Bat|Fijian Mastiff Bat|Fiji Mastiff Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	MOLOSSIDAE	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Mops	Chaerephon	bregullae	Felten	1964	1				SMF21845		"Malo [Island], Neue Hebriden [= New Hebrides]."			bregullae (Felten, 1964)	moved from Chaerephon to Mops, although further research is needed to confirm this placement	Gregorin, R., & Cirranello, A. (2016). Phylogeny of Molossidae Gervais (Mammalia: Chiroptera) inferred by morphological data. Cladistics, 32(1), 2-35.|Simmons, N. B. and A. L. Cirranello (2020). https://batnames.org/explore.html. Accessed: 10 May 2020. URL: https://batnames.org/explore.html.	Vanuatu|Fiji	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	EN	0	0	0	Chaerephon_bregullae	1	oldname match	Chaerephon_bregullae	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	4309	Chaerephon bregullae	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	MOLOSSIDAE	Chaerephon	bregullae	(Felten, 1964)	This species was previously considered a subspecies of Chaerephon jobensis (Felten 1964, Hill 1983) but has been recognised as a distinct species since its treatment by Flannery (1995). The taxonomy is considered stable (Simmons 2005) despite the absence of full taxonomic enquiry.	200000000	Chaerephon bregullae	Endangered	B2ab(iii)	2019	2018-08-30 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This bat is listed as Endangered under criterion B2ab(iii) because its area of occupancy, based on the three known roost sites on Vanua Levu, Malo, and Espiritu Santo islands, is less than 500 km². These critical roost sites are where the species is most threatened. The range is severely fragmented with the known global population currently limited to three cave roost sites. In addition, there is a continuing decline in the extent and quality of its habitat through the loss and degradation of forested foraging areas and disturbance at caves throughout its range.	Very little is known about the habitat and ecology of this species (Palmeirim et al. 2005, Scanlon et al. 2014). It has been observed roosting in Nakanacagi Cave, a limestone cave with mudstone formations, in Fiji (Palmeirim et al. 2005, 2007, Scanlon et al. 2014), and it has also been found roosting in caves in Vanuatu, but not recently (Medway and Marshall 1975, Flannery 1995). In Fiji, it has been observed foraging in open spaces in a variety of habitats, including coconut groves, farmland, forest, and coastal habitats (Palmeirim et al. 2005, Scanlon et al. 2014). It has also been mist-netted in areas of montane forest (Ingleby and Flannery 1991, Scanlon et al. 2014). A 2017 pilot radio telemetry project with 10 tagged female bats from Nakanacagi Cave suggests that individuals foraged over montane forests on Vanua Levu with limited acoustic detections in the agricultural lands immediately to the north of the cave (unpublished data, Bat Conservation International). Pregnant females have been captured in November on Taveuni (Scanlon et al. 2014).	The species is only known from three roosting sites and the status of the two colonies in Vanuatu is unknown. Periodic disturbance to and subsistence hunting in Nakanacagi Cave has ceased following recent community engagement efforts. Deforestation, changed land use practices, and increased frequency and intensity of cyclones because of climate change pose a growing threat to known and unknown cave roosts. There is an active logging concession uphill from Nakanacagi Cave and a deteriorating logging road runs over the top of the cave that is still used, but only infrequently. Both activities possibly cause increased sedimentation within the cave. The level of threat posed by erosion and possible landslides at Nakanacagi Cave openings is unknown, but is a source of concern as catastrophic landslides have blocked entrances to other caves in Fiji. Although, other cave roosts may exist in Fiji they are unlikely to be as large and important as the Nakanacagi site.	The global population of Chaerephon bregullae is assumed currently to be at least 7,000 individuals, based on various observations made at from Nakanacagi Cave, Vanua Levu Island, Fiji. The global population is assumed to be declining due to widespread cave disturbance and loss of native forests. Monitoring research is underway to establish a more robust estimate. Historically, the Nakanacagi Cave colony appeared to hold several thousand individuals (Flannery 1995) and in 2000, ca 1,000 young were located in the cave after the adults had departed for nightly foraging (Palmeirim et al. 2007). Just 2,000 individuals were estimated in total at the site in 2010-2011, and periodic harvesting of hundreds of bats was also reported then (Scanlon et al. 2015). In 2014, the colony was estimated to be ca 4,200 individuals based on an internal cave assessment (unpublished data, NatureFiji-MareqetiViti). There is no recent information concerning the population size and structure in Vanuatu.	Decreasing	This species is restricted to Fiji and Vanuatu. In Fiji, it has been recorded from the islands of Taveuni and Vanua Levu, and historically occupied Viti Levu based on bones found in Wainibuku Cave (Worthy and Anderson 2009). While Palmeirim et al. 2007 proposed that Chaerephon bregullae had been extirpated from Viti Levu, and as it no longer uses Wainibuku Cave, it is also possible that its presumed absence on Viti Levu is a reflection of limited sampling and that small populations in remote areas have simply not yet been detected. Currently, the only known roost site for the species in Fiji is Nakanacagi Cave near the village of Nakanacagi on Vanua Levu. Although the species can forage over extensive areas, the timing of observations at dusk over several nights on Taveuni (Palmeirim et al. 2005) suggests strongly there is another roost site on either Taveuni or on the southern part of Vanua Levu. Bats were also captured just after dusk in central forested areas of Vanua Levu, near Waisali Rainforest Reserve, indicating their use of cave roosts nearby (Scanlon et al. 2014). In Vanuatu this species has been reported from the islands of Espiritu Santo (Nanumbu Cave) and Malo (Tan Lensingo Cave and Abounatori Village) (Flannery 1995), no recent information is available to confirm the status of the species in Vanuatu. It was extirpated from Tonga in prehistoric times (Koopman and Steadman 1995).	Historically, Chaerephon bregullae was periodically harvested from Nakanacagi Cave, Fiji for local consumption. The harvest practice has been halted following effective community education campaigns by NatureFiji-MareqetiViti and the University of the South Pacific.	Terrestrial	In 2018, Nakanacagi Cave, the only known roost for Chaerephon bregullae in Fiji, was acquired by the National Trust of Fiji and confirmed as Fiji’s first bat sanctuary (<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://naturefiji.org/dedicating-fijis-first-bat-sanctuary/">https://naturefiji.org/dedicating-fijis-first-bat-sanctuary/</a>). Further, the species has been captured in the Taveuni Forest Reserve on Taveuni Island (Scanlon et al. 2014). Sustainable protection and maintained monitoring of the three known roosts are crucial conservation measure for this species. An assessment of the documented roosts in Vanuatu is urgently needed. Expeditions in Fiji to locate alternate roosts are needed, especially on Taveuni and Viti Levu. Insights into how C. bregullae use landscapes is needed to guide landscape management and the design of future protected areas.	Australasian|Oceanian		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Molossidae	Mops		bregullae	Felten	1964	1	Senkenberg. Biol.	45:09:00	Fijian Free-tailed Bat	None.	New Hebrides (= Vanatu), Malo Isl.	Vanuatu, Fiji Isls.	Not listed.	Endangered as Chaerephon bregullae 	 plicatus species group. Often included in jobensis (e.g. Felten, 1964a; Hill, 1983), but provisionally recognized as distinct followingFlannery (1995b).	Mops bregullae	1005149	23	Fijian Free-tailed Bat	Fiji Free-tailed Bat|Fijian Mastiff Bat|Fiji Mastiff Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Molossidae	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Mops	Chaerephon	bregullae	Felten	1964	1				SMF21845		"Malo [Island], Neue Hebriden [= New Hebrides]."			bregullae (Felten, 1964)	moved from Chaerephon to Mops, although further research is needed to confirm this placement	Gregorin, R., & Cirranello, A. (2016). Phylogeny of Molossidae Gervais (Mammalia: Chiroptera) inferred by morphological data. Cladistics, 32(1), 2-35.|Simmons, N. B. and A. L. Cirranello (2020). https://batnames.org/explore.html. Accessed: 10 May 2020. URL: https://batnames.org/explore.html.				Vanuatu|Fiji	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	EN	0	0	0	Chaerephon_bregullae	1	oldname match	Chaerephon_bregullae	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Mops_bregullae	1005149	23	Fijian Free-tailed Bat	Fiji Free-tailed Bat|Fijian Mastiff Bat|Fiji Mastiff Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Molossidae	Molossinae	NA	Mops	Chaerephon	bregullae	Felten	1	Tadarida jobensis bregullae	Felten, H. 1964-03-13. Zur Taxionomie indo-australischer Fledermäuse der Gattung _Tadarida_ (Mammalia, Chiroptera). Senckenbergiana biologica 45(1):1-13.		SMF:MAMM:21845	holotype		"Malo [Island], Neue Hebriden [= New Hebrides]."			moved from Chaerephon to Mops, although further research is needed to confirm this placement	Gregorin, R., & Cirranello, A. (2016). Phylogeny of Molossidae Gervais (Mammalia: Chiroptera) inferred by morphological data. Cladistics, 32(1), 2-35.|Simmons, N. B. and A. L. Cirranello (2020). https://batnames.org/explore.html. Accessed: 10 May 2020. URL: https://batnames.org/explore.html.				Vanuatu|Fiji	Oceania (Continent)	Australasia|Oceania (Biorealm)	EN	0	0	0	Chaerephon_bregullae	1	oldname match	Chaerephon_bregullae	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Molossidae	Mops		bregullae	Felten	1964	1	Senkenberg. Biol.	45:09:00	Fijian Free-tailed Bat	None.	New Hebrides (= Vanatu), Malo Isl.	Vanuatu, Fiji Isls.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/4309/209550994/' target='_blank'>Endangered</a>	plicatusspecies group. Often included in jobensis (e.g. Felten, 1964a; Hill, 1983), but provisionally recognized as distinct followingFlannery (1995b).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Chaerephon bregullae; Chaerephon bregullae; Mops bregullae; Mops bregullae; Chaerephon bregullae; Mops bregullae; bregullae; Tadaride du Pacifique; Fidschi-Bulldogfledermaus; Caerepon del Pacifico; Fiji Free-tailed Bat; Fijian Mastiff Bat; Fiji Mastiff Bat; Fijian Free-tailed Bat; Fiji Free-tailed Bat; Fijian Mastiff Bat; Fiji Mastiff Bat; Fijian Mastiff Bat; Fijian Free-tailed Bat; M. bregullae