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(1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L698	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Molossops milleri	Molossops planirostris [synonym of] and Molossus molossus [synonym of]	Molossops milleri	Molossops planirostris [synonym of] and Molossus molossus [synonym of]	Molossus molossus milleri	Molossus molossus milleri	Molossus milleri	Molossus milleri and Molossus molossus milleri	Molossus milleri	Molossus molossus [synonym of]	Molossus milleri	Molossus milleri	Molossus tropidorhynchus [synonym of]	 	Molossus tropidorhynchus [synonym of]		[HMW] Molœsus miller-i D. H. Johnson, l 952, Jamaica. Molossus ntilleri was first described as M. fuliginmus, which was previously used to describe another taxon. Therefore, the name M. millm" was proposed as a substitute, wholly synonymous with M. fidlgino. sus based on same type specimen and locality. Molecular studies demonstrated that mastifl' bats from eastern Cuba , Cayman lslands, andjaınaica are genetically the same species; however, M. hopidorhyrtchus from the type locality of Havana in western Cuba has been reported as smaller in body size. Therefore, there is still a question ifthere are two allopatric species of Molossus in Cuba that needs to be resolved. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Previously included in molossus , but distinct; see Loureiro et al. (2018, 2019). May include tropidorhynchus ; see Loureiro et al. (2019).; [MDD2022] split from M. molossus; tentatively includes tropidorhynchus, which was previously under M. molossus, although this taxon may represent a distinct species of it's own and the name is not used for this species despite having priority of milleri; [batnames2023] Previously included in molossus , but distinct; see Loureiro et al. (2018, 2019). May include tropidorhynchus ; see Loureiro et al. (2019).; [MDD2023] split from M. molossus; tentatively includes tropidorhynchus, which was previously under M. molossus, although this taxon may represent a distinct species of it's own and the name is not used for this species despite having priority of milleri												milleri 	milleri - fuliginosus	fuliginosus, tropidorhynchus, milleri		milleri 	milleri - fuliginosus, tropidorhynchus	fuliginosus, tropidorhynchus, milleri 						Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		Peru		N/A							Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5		Peru; (in M. planirostris?); ref. 4.56																																																										194287C9FFBABA17B19CF05FB007FC93	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Molossidae_598.pdf.imf	hash://md5/e57bffb1ffbcba10b412f760b226ffce	625	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/19/42/87/194287C9FFBABA17B19CF05FB007FC93.xml	Molossus milleri	Molossidae	Molossus	milleri	Johnson			Molœsus miller-i D. H. Johnson, l 952, Jamaica. Molossus ntilleri was first described as M. fuliginmus, which was previously used to describe another taxon. Therefore, the name M. millm" was proposed as a substitute, wholly synonymous with M. fidlgino. sus based on same type specimen and locality. Molecular studies demonstrated that mastifl' bats from eastern Cuba , Cayman lslands, andjaınaica are genetically the same species; however, M. hopidorhyrtchus from the type locality of Havana in western Cuba has been reported as smaller in body size. Therefore, there is still a question ifthere are two allopatric species of Molossus in Cuba that needs to be resolved. Monotypic.			Lowland wet forests, dry forests, shrublands, mangroves, agricultural fields, and urban areas. The Pug-nosed Mastiff Bat has been found flying over rivers and ponds. 1t does not occur at higher elevations or on the dry, hot southern coast ofjamaica.		In Jamaica , pregnant Pug-nosed Mastiff Bats have been reported in june-july and lactating females in july. Females at various stages of reproduction and reproductively inactive were caught during the same time of the year, indicating lack of reproduction synchrony and aseasonal polyestry.	Activity of the Pug-nosed Mastiff Bat starts minutes before sunset and continues until one hour after dusk. It is most active in open areas. It roosts in hollow trees, buildings, bat houses, and palm trees. In Cuba ,it echolocates using a pair ofcalls with different frequencies. First signal has lower frequency (mean peak frequency of 34-1 kHz), and second call has higher frequency (mean peak frequency of 39 kHz).	Colonies of 50-300 Pug-nosed Masuff Bats have been observed roosting together. Social organization can vary among groups. In one tree, an upper hole contained only males, and only females occupied a lower hole. Colonies composed of both sexes with three times as many as females as males were found in building attics, with no apparent segregation of sexes. Pug-nosed Mastiff Bats have been found roosting in a cave with the Caribbean Lesser Funneleared Bat ( Chilonatalus micropus) in Jamaica .	Not assessed on The [UCN Red List.	Emrich et al. (2014) | Genoways et al. (2005) | Koss! et al. (1999) | Loureiro, Engstrom & Lim (2019) | Loureiro, Gregorin & Perini (2018)	https://zenodo.org/record/6418315/files/figure.png	16. Pug-nosed Mastiff Bat Molossus milleri French M ossedeJama que German Stumpfnasen-Samtflederrrtaus Spanish Moloso de Jarnarca Other common lumen Pug-nosed Bat Pug-nosed Free-ta ed Bat Taxonomy . Molœsus miller-i D. H. Johnson, l 952, Jamaica. Molossus ntilleri was first described as M. fuliginmus, which was previously used to describe another taxon. Therefore, the name M. millm" was proposed as a substitute, wholly synonymous with M. fidlgino. sus based on same type specimen and locality. Molecular studies demonstrated that mastifl' bats from eastern Cuba , Cayman lslands, andjaınaica are genetically the same species; however, M. hopidorhyrtchus from the type locality of Havana in western Cuba has been reported as smaller in body size. Therefore, there is still a question ifthere are two allopatric species of Molossus in Cuba that needs to be resolved. Monotypic. Distribution . Cuba , lsla de lajuventud, Cayman Is (Grand Cayman and Cayman Brae), „ ma r- "mam Desdriptive notes . Head-body 55-71 mm , tail 32-42 mm , ear 1-14 mm , hindfoot 7-12 mm , forearm 37-40 mm ; weight 13-19 g . The Pug-nosed Mastiff Bat is larger than Fenton's Mastiff Bat (M. fmtom) and smaller than the Bonda Mastiff Bat (M. mrnmtium). Dorsal hairs are medium to dark brown and noticeably bicolored, with pale basal band reaching one-half to one-quarter the hair length. Ventral pelage is lighter than dorsal pelage. Ears are rounded and arise from same point on forehead. Tragus is small, and antitragus is constricted at its base. Face, muzzle, ears, and membranes are medium to dark brown. Upper lip and snout are smooth and lack any medial ridge. Skull has elongated braincase, triangular occipital region, and infraorbital foramen opening laterally in frontal view. Basioccipital pits are moderately deep. l’ is elongated, with parallel tips, but it can be more tapered and thicker in some individuals. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 48 and FN - 56. Habitat . Lowland wet forests, dry forests, shrublands, mangroves, agricultural fields, and urban areas. The Pug-nosed Mastiff Bat has been found flying over rivers and ponds. 1t does not occur at higher elevations or on the dry, hot southern coast ofjamaica. Food and Feeding . The Pug-nosed Mastiff Bat is an aerial insectivore that eats Diptera , r nnirlnnlnra rnlmmafl una uamtmafl Breeding . In Jamaica , pregnant Pug-nosed Mastiff Bats have been reported in june-july and lactating females in july. Females at various stages of reproduction and reproductively inactive were caught during the same time of the year, indicating lack of reproduction synchrony and aseasonal polyestry. Activity patterns. Activity of the Pug-nosed Mastiff Bat starts minutes before sunset and continues until one hour after dusk. It is most active in open areas. It roosts in hollow trees, buildings, bat houses, and palm trees. In Cuba ,it echolocates using a pair ofcalls with different frequencies. First signal has lower frequency (mean peak frequency of 34-1 kHz), and second call has higher frequency (mean peak frequency of 39 kHz). Movements, Home range and Social organization. Colonies of 50-300 Pug-nosed Masuff Bats have been observed roosting together. Social organization can vary among groups. In one tree, an upper hole contained only males, and only females occupied a lower hole. Colonies composed of both sexes with three times as many as females as males were found in building attics, with no apparent segregation of sexes. Pug-nosed Mastiff Bats have been found roosting in a cave with the Caribbean Lesser Funneleared Bat ( Chilonatalus micropus) in Jamaica . Status and Conservation. Not assessed on The [UCN Red List. Bibliography. Emrich et al. (2014), Genoways et al. (2005), Koss! et al. (1999), Loureiro, Engstrom & Lim (2019), Loureiro, Gregorin & Perini (2018).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Molossidae	Molossus milleri	Molossus		milleri	Johnson	1952	0	Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington	68:17:00	Miller's Mastiff Bat	replacement name for  fuliginosus Gray, 1838 [preoccupied by fuliginosus Cooper, 1837]	Jamaica (see Dobson, 1878)	Jamaica, Cuba, Cayman Isls	Not listed.	Least Concern under Molossus molossus 	Previously included in molossus , but distinct; see Loureiro et al. (2018, 2019). May include tropidorhynchus ; see Loureiro et al. (2019).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Molossus milleri	23	Pug-nosed Mastiff Bat	Pug-nosed Bat|Pug-nosed Free-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	MOLOSSIDAE	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Molossus	NA	milleri	D. H. Johnson	1952	0						Jamaica.			fuliginosus J. E. Gray, 1838 [preoccupied]|tropidorhynchus J. E. Gray, 1839 [tentatively placed under Molossus milleri]|milleri D. H. Johnson, 1952	split from M. molossus; tentatively includes tropidorhynchus, which was previously under M. molossus, although this taxon may represent a distinct species of it's own and the name is not used for this species despite having priority of milleri	Loureiro, L. O., Engstrom, M., Lim, B., González, C. L., & Juste, J. (2019). Not all Molossus are created equal: genetic variation in the mastiff bat reveals diversity masked by conservative morphology. Acta Chiropterologica, 21(1), 51-64.	Cuba|Cayman Islands|Jamaica|Bermuda?	North America	Neotropic	NA	0	0	0	Molossus_milleri	0	unmatched	NA	1																																			Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Molossidae	Molossus		milleri	Johnson	1952	0	Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington	68:17:00	Miller's Mastiff Bat	replacement name for  fuliginosus Gray, 1838 [preoccupied by fuliginosus Cooper, 1837]	Jamaica (see Dobson, 1878)	Jamaica, Cuba, Cayman Isls	Not listed.	Least Concern under Molossus molossus 	Previously included in molossus , but distinct; see Loureiro et al. (2018, 2019). May include tropidorhynchus ; see Loureiro et al. (2019).	Molossus milleri	1005201	23	Pug-nosed Mastiff Bat	Pug-nosed Bat|Pug-nosed Free-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Molossidae	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Molossus	NA	milleri	D. H. Johnson	1952	0						Jamaica.			fuliginosus J. E. Gray, 1838 [preoccupied]|tropidorhynchus J. E. Gray, 1839 [tentatively placed under Molossus milleri]|milleri D. H. Johnson, 1952	split from M. molossus; tentatively includes tropidorhynchus, which was previously under M. molossus, although this taxon may represent a distinct species of it's own and the name is not used for this species despite having priority of milleri	Loureiro, L. O., Engstrom, M., Lim, B., González, C. L., & Juste, J. (2019). Not all Molossus are created equal: genetic variation in the mastiff bat reveals diversity masked by conservative morphology. Acta Chiropterologica, 21(1), 51-64.				Cuba|Cayman Islands|Jamaica|Bermuda?	North America	Neotropic	NA	0	0	0	Molossus_milleri	0	unmatched	NA	1	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393																																																	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586																		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505		Molossus milleri; Molossus milleri; Molossus milleri; Molossus milleri; fuliginosus; fuliginosus; tropidorhynchus; milleri; Pug-nosed Mastiff Bat; Pug-nosed Bat; Pug-nosed Free-tailed Bat; Miller's Mastiff Bat; M. milleri