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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L694	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	Molossus ater [synonym of]	N/A	N/A	N/A	Molossus rufus	Molossus rufus	Molossus rufus	Molossus rufus	Molossus rufus	Molossus rufus	Molossus rufus	Molossus rufus	Molossus rufus	Molossus rufus		[MSW3] Called ater by many authors, but see Carter and Dolan (1978) and Dolan (1989), who argued, based on descriptions of head and ear shape of both taxa, and examination of the specimens labeled as types of rufus in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris, that Molossus ater Geoffroy, 1805, is really an Eumops, and that rufus is really the correct name for the large Molossus often incorrectly called ater. Lectotype designated by Carter and Dolan (1978). Unfortunately, the type of ater has been lost and its relationships are unclear. Includes malagai; see Jones (1965). Includes macdougalli; see Jones et al. (1977) and Dolan (1989).; [HMW] Molossus rufus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1805 , “Amérique du nord, de Surinam , et principal ement de Caienne [= North America, Suriname , and chiefly form Cayenne].” Restricted by G. S. Miller, Jr. in 1913 to Cayenne, French Guiana . This species is monotypic.; [batnames2022] Does not include fluminensis or nigricans ; see Loureiro et al. (2020). Called ater by many authors, but see Carter and Dolan (1978) and Dolan (1989), who argued, based on descriptions of head and ear shape of both taxa, and examination of the specimens labeled as types of rufus in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris, that Molossus ater Geoffroy, 1805, is really a Eumops , and that rufus is really the correct name for the large Molossus often incorrectly called ater . Lectotype designated by Carter and Dolan (1978). Unfortunately, the type of ater has been lost and its relationships are unclear. Although Loureiro et al. (2020) syonymized alecto with fluminensis , rufus most likely includes alecto whose holotype is damaged, and whose affinities are at present somewhat uncertain (L. Loureiro, pers. comm. 2/19/2020).; [MDD2022] previously included M. nigricans and M. fluminensis; [IUCN] This species is called ater by many authors, but see Dolan (1989), who argued, based on descriptions of head and ear shape of both taxa, and examination of the specimens labelled as types of rufus in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris, that Molossus ater Geoffroy, 1805, is really an Eumops , and that rufus is really the correct name for the large Molossus often incorrectly called ater . This species requires taxonomic revision and studies (Barquez pers. comm.).; [batnames2023] Does not include fluminensis or nigricans ; see Loureiro et al. (2020). Called ater by many authors, but see Carter and Dolan (1978) and Dolan (1989), who argued, based on descriptions of head and ear shape of both taxa, and examination of the specimens labeled as types of rufus in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris, that Molossus ater Geoffroy, 1805, is really a Eumops , and that rufus is really the correct name for the large Molossus often incorrectly called ater . Lectotype designated by Carter and Dolan (1978). Unfortunately, the type of ater has been lost and its relationships are unclear. Although Loureiro et al. (2020) syonymized alecto with fluminensis , rufus most likely includes alecto whose holotype is damaged, and whose affinities are at present somewhat uncertain (L. Loureiro, pers. comm. 2/19/2020).; [MDD2023] previously included M. nigricans and M. fluminensis; [MDD2025_2.0] previously included M. nigricans and M. fluminensis; [batnames2025_1.7] Does not include fluminensis or nigricans; see Loureiro et al. (2020). Called ater by many authors, but see Carter and Dolan (1978) and Dolan (1989), who argued, based on descriptions of head and ear shape of both taxa, and examination of the specimens labeled as types of rufus in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris, that Molossus ater Geoffroy, 1805, is really a Eumops, and that rufus is really the correct name for the large Molossus often incorrectly called ater. Lectotype designated by Carter and Dolan (1978). Unfortunately, the type of ater has been lost and its relationships are unclear. Although Loureiro et al. (2020) syonymized alecto with fluminensis, rufus most likely includes alecto whose holotype is damaged, and whose affinities are at present somewhat uncertain (L. Loureiro, pers. comm. 2/19/2020).; [MDD2025_2.2] previously included M. nigricans and M. fluminensis												rufus, castaneus	rufus - albus, holosericeus, myosurus, ursinus	rufus, castaneus, ursinus, alecto, albus, holosericeus, myosurus	This species is called ater by many authors, but see Dolan (1989), who argued, based on descriptions of head and ear shape of both taxa, and examination of the specimens labelled as types of rufus in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris, that Molossus ater Geoffroy, 1805, is really an Eumops , and that rufus is really the correct name for the large Molossus often incorrectly called ater . This species requires taxonomic revision and studies (Barquez pers. comm.).	rufus 	rufus - albus, alecto, ater, castaneus, holosericeus, myosurus, ursinus	rufus, castaneus, ursinus, alecto, albus, holosericeus, myosurus	rufus, ursinus, alecto, albus, myosuros, myosuros	rufus	rufus - albus, alecto, ater, castaneus, holosericeus, myosurus, ursinus	rufus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1805|ursinus von Spix, 1823|alecto (Temminck, 1826)|albus (J. A. Wagner, 1843)|myosuros von Tschudi, 1844 [nomen nudum]|myosuros von Tschudi, 1845|myosurus (Schmarda, 1853) [incorrect subsequent spelling]						N/A																																								NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Molossidae	Molossinae		Molossus rufus	Molossus		rufus	E. Geoffroy		1805		Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist. Paris	6		155		Black Mastiff Bat	French Guiana, Cayenne by restriction (Miller, 1913b).	Tamaulipas, Michoacan, and Sinaloa (Mexico) to Peru, N Argentina, Brazil and Guianas; Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc) as M. ater. synonyms: albus Wagner, 1843; alecto Temminck, 1827; fluminensis Lataste, 1891; holosericeus Wagner, 1843; myosurus Tschudi, 1844; ursinus Spix, 1823; castaneus Geoffroy, 1805; nigricans Miller, 1902; macdougalli Goodwin, 1956; malagai Villa-R., 1955.		Called ater by many authors, but see Carter and Dolan (1978) and Dolan (1989), who argued, based on descriptions of head and ear shape of both taxa, and examination of the specimens labeled as types of rufus in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris, that Molossus ater Geoffroy, 1805, is really an Eumops, and that rufus is really the correct name for the large Molossus often incorrectly called ater. Lectotype designated by Carter and Dolan (1978). Unfortunately, the type of ater has been lost and its relationships are unclear. Includes malagai; see Jones (1965). Includes macdougalli; see Jones et al. (1977) and Dolan (1989).	194287C9FFBBBA18B1B9FB2BB0D5F5B7	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Molossidae_598.pdf.imf	hash://md5/e57bffb1ffbcba10b412f760b226ffce	626	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/19/42/87/194287C9FFBBBA18B1B9FB2BB0D5F5B7.xml	Molossus rufus	Molossidae	Molossus	rufus	E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1805	Grand Molosse @fr | Rote Samtfledermaus @de | Moloso rufo @es | Black Free-tailed Bat @en	Molossus rufus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1805 , “Amérique du nord, de Surinam , et principal ement de Caienne [= North America, Suriname , and chiefly form Cayenne].” Restricted by G. S. Miller, Jr. in 1913 to Cayenne, French Guiana . This species is monotypic.	Mexico through Central America into South America to N Argentina and NW Uruguay ; also on Trinidad I.	Head-body 73-107 mm, tail 40-57 mm, ear 14-19 mm, hindfoot 8-16 mm, forearm 46-55 mm; weight 21-45 g. The Black Mastiff Batis the largest species of Molossus . Dorsal hairs vary from black to red, brown, and yellowish. Dorsal hairs are short (c.2-3 mm), without or with very thin pale band at base, not covering more than one-quarter the hair length. Ventral pelage is paler than dorsal pelage. Ears are rounded and arise from same point on forehead. Tragus is small, and antitragusis constricted at its base. Face, wings, and uropatagium are dark brown or black. Upperlip and snout are smooth and lack any medial ridge. Skull has globose braincase, quadrangular occipital region, and infraorbital foramen opening laterally in frontal view. Basioccipital pits are moderately deep. I* is spatulated, with convergent tips. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 48 and FN = 66.	Tropical dry forests, subtropical rainforests, xeric thorn forests, savannas, cerrado, evergreen forests, shrubs, oak forests, and secondary vegetation from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 1500 m .	The Black Mastiff Bat is an aerial insectivore that mostly eats Coleoptera , but Chalcidoidea, Diptera , Lepidoptera , Hymenoptera, Odonata , Orthoptera , and Zygoptera have also been found in its feces.	Seasonal reproductive synchronization has been suggested for the Black Mastiff Bat, with females in the same population being pregnant at the same time. In south-eastern Brazil , pregnant females were captured in February and September— November, lactating females in August and October-February, and juveniles in January—February. Males seem to be reproductively active year-round. In Yucatan , Mexico , pregnant females have been observed in March—June.	Activity of the Black Mastiff Bat varies throughout the year. During winter,it leaves roosts during sunset, and the colony stays active for the first 2-3 hours after dusk. During summer, activity starts minutes before sunset. A second peak of activity during dawn was only observed in June and October. Individual activity lasts 26-8-50-5 minutes depending on geographical area, rainfall, wind intensity, food availability, and time of year. Individuals leave their roosts in groups and usually return alone. They roost in buildings, hollow trees, hollow logs, rock crevices, and palm fronds. Search calls have alternate high and low frequency pulses. First pulse has lower peak frequency (22-27 kHz), and second pulse has slightly higher frequency (25-28 kHz).	The Black Mastiff Bat roosts in large groups of 30-500 individuals, depending on the time of the year. Large colonies are more common during the reproductive period, declining in number during autumn and winter due to dispersal. Sex ratio in groups also changes during the year, and it has been suggested that there is sexual segregation, with males and females in different roosts or in different parts of the same roost, except during the reproductive period. Males are more abundant in roosts in April-July. Number of females increases in July-November and then decreases again during cooler months. During the reproductive period, colonies are formed by similar numbers of males and females, suggesting multi-female-multi-male polygynous behavior. Individuals will return to the same colony for at least three years. The Black Mastiff Bat was also observed roosting with congeners such as Pallas’s Mastiff Bat ( Molossus molossus ), Alvarez’s Mastiff Bat ( M. alvarezi ), and the Coiban Mastiff Bat ( M. coibensis ) and species from other families such as the Greater Spear-nosed Bat (Phyllostomus hastatus).	Classified as Least Concern on The [UCN Red Lust.	Anderson (1997) | Bowles (1972) | Bowles et al. (1990) | Dolan (1989) | Eger (2008) | Esbérard (2002, 2011) | Esbérard et al. (2003) | Fenton, Rautenbach et al. (1998) | Fleming et al. (1972) | Freeman (1979) | Handley (1976) | Howell & Burch (1974) | Jones, Smith &Turner (1971) | Jung et al. (2014) | Leite-Silva et al. (2003) | Loureiro, Gregorin & Perini (2018) | MacSwiney et al. (2008) | Marques-Aguiar (1986) | McCracken & Wilkinson (2000) | Miller (1913a) | Mora (2016) | Owen & Girén (2012) | Pimenta et al. (2014) | Pine (1969) | Santos & Castro-Arellano (2006b) | Simmons (2005) | Timm & LaVal (1998)	https://zenodo.org/record/6772268/files/figure.png	19. Black Mastiff Bat Molossus rufus French: Grand Molosse / German: Rote Samtfledermaus / Spanish: Moloso rufo Other common names: Black Free-tailed Bat Taxonomy. Molossus rufus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1805 , “Amérique du nord, de Surinam , et principal ement de Caienne [= North America, Suriname , and chiefly form Cayenne].” Restricted by G. S. Miller, Jr. in 1913 to Cayenne, French Guiana . This species is monotypic. Distribution. Mexico through Central America into South America to N Argentina and NW Uruguay ; also on Trinidad I. Descriptive notes. Head-body 73-107 mm, tail 40-57 mm, ear 14-19 mm, hindfoot 8-16 mm, forearm 46-55 mm; weight 21-45 g. The Black Mastiff Batis the largest species of Molossus . Dorsal hairs vary from black to red, brown, and yellowish. Dorsal hairs are short (c.2-3 mm), without or with very thin pale band at base, not covering more than one-quarter the hair length. Ventral pelage is paler than dorsal pelage. Ears are rounded and arise from same point on forehead. Tragus is small, and antitragusis constricted at its base. Face, wings, and uropatagium are dark brown or black. Upperlip and snout are smooth and lack any medial ridge. Skull has globose braincase, quadrangular occipital region, and infraorbital foramen opening laterally in frontal view. Basioccipital pits are moderately deep. I* is spatulated, with convergent tips. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 48 and FN = 66. Habitat. Tropical dry forests, subtropical rainforests, xeric thorn forests, savannas, cerrado, evergreen forests, shrubs, oak forests, and secondary vegetation from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 1500 m . Food and Feeding. The Black Mastiff Bat is an aerial insectivore that mostly eats Coleoptera , but Chalcidoidea, Diptera , Lepidoptera , Hymenoptera, Odonata , Orthoptera , and Zygoptera have also been found in its feces. Breeding. Seasonal reproductive synchronization has been suggested for the Black Mastiff Bat, with females in the same population being pregnant at the same time. In south-eastern Brazil , pregnant females were captured in February and September— November, lactating females in August and October-February, and juveniles in January—February. Males seem to be reproductively active year-round. In Yucatan , Mexico , pregnant females have been observed in March—June. Activity patterns. Activity of the Black Mastiff Bat varies throughout the year. During winter,it leaves roosts during sunset, and the colony stays active for the first 2-3 hours after dusk. During summer, activity starts minutes before sunset. A second peak of activity during dawn was only observed in June and October. Individual activity lasts 26-8-50-5 minutes depending on geographical area, rainfall, wind intensity, food availability, and time of year. Individuals leave their roosts in groups and usually return alone. They roost in buildings, hollow trees, hollow logs, rock crevices, and palm fronds. Search calls have alternate high and low frequency pulses. First pulse has lower peak frequency (22-27 kHz), and second pulse has slightly higher frequency (25-28 kHz). Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Black Mastiff Bat roosts in large groups of 30-500 individuals, depending on the time of the year. Large colonies are more common during the reproductive period, declining in number during autumn and winter due to dispersal. Sex ratio in groups also changes during the year, and it has been suggested that there is sexual segregation, with males and females in different roosts or in different parts of the same roost, except during the reproductive period. Males are more abundant in roosts in April-July. Number of females increases in July-November and then decreases again during cooler months. During the reproductive period, colonies are formed by similar numbers of males and females, suggesting multi-female-multi-male polygynous behavior. Individuals will return to the same colony for at least three years. The Black Mastiff Bat was also observed roosting with congeners such as Pallas’s Mastiff Bat ( Molossus molossus ), Alvarez’s Mastiff Bat ( M. alvarezi ), and the Coiban Mastiff Bat ( M. coibensis ) and species from other families such as the Greater Spear-nosed Bat (Phyllostomus hastatus). Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The [UCN Red Lust. Bibliography. Anderson (1997), Bowles (1972), Bowles et al. (1990), Dolan (1989), Eger (2008), Esbérard (2002, 2011), Esbérard et al. (2003), Fenton, Rautenbach et al. (1998), Fleming et al. (1972), Freeman (1979), Handley (1976), Howell & Burch (1974), Jones, Smith &Turner (1971), Jung et al. (2014), Leite-Silva et al. (2003), Loureiro, Gregorin & Perini (2018), MacSwiney et al. (2008), Marques-Aguiar (1986), McCracken & Wilkinson (2000), Miller (1913a), Mora (2016), Owen & Girén (2012), Pimenta et al. (2014), Pine (1969), Santos & Castro-Arellano (2006b), Simmons (2005), Timm & LaVal (1998).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Molossidae	Molossus rufus	Molossus		rufus	É. Geoffroy	1805	0	Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist. Paris	0.3576	Black Mastiff Bat	ater albus Wagner, 1843; holosericeus Wagner, 1843; myosurus Tschudi, 1844; ursinus Spix, 1823; <b>castaneus</b> Geoffroy, 1805	French Guiana, Cayenne by restriction (Miller, 1913)	S America from Venezuela, the Guianas, Ecuador, and Peru to C and N Brazil and Bolivia; Trinidad and Tobago	Not listed.	Least Concern	Does not include fluminensis or nigricans ; see Loureiro et al. (2020). Called ater by many authors, but see Carter and Dolan (1978) and Dolan (1989), who argued, based on descriptions of head and ear shape of both taxa, and examination of the specimens labeled as types of rufus in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris, that Molossus ater Geoffroy, 1805, is really a Eumops , and that rufus is really the correct name for the large Molossus often incorrectly called ater . Lectotype designated by Carter and Dolan (1978). Unfortunately, the type of ater has been lost and its relationships are unclear. Although Loureiro et al. (2020) syonymized alecto with fluminensis , rufus most likely includes alecto whose holotype is damaged, and whose affinities are at present somewhat uncertain (L. Loureiro, pers. comm. 2/19/2020).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Molossus rufus	23	Common Black Mastiff Bat	Black Free-tailed Bat|Black Mastiff Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	MOLOSSIDAE	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Molossus	NA	rufus	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1805	0	Molossus_rufus	Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, É. (1805). Mémoire sur quelques chauve-souris d'Amérique formant une petite famille sous le nom de Molossus. Annales du Muséum d'histoire naturelle, 6, 155.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92466#page/158/mode/1up	MNHN 1997-1847		"Amérique du nord, de Surinam, et principal ement de Caïenne [= North America, Suriname, and chiefly form Cayenne]." Restricted by G. S. Miller, Jr. in 1913 to Cayenne, French Guiana.			rufus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1805|castaneus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1805|ursinus Spix, 1823|alecto (Temminck, 1826)|albus (J. A. Wagner, 1843)|holosericeus (J. A. Wagner, 1843)|myosurus Tschudi, 1845	previously included M. nigricans and M. fluminensis	Loureiro, L. O., Engstrom, M. D., & Lim, B. K. (2020). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provide unprecedented resolution of species boundaries, phylogenetic relationships, and genetic diversity in the mastiff bats (Molossus). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 143, 106690.	Colombia|Venezuela|Trinidad & Tobago|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia	South America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Molossus_rufus	0	sciname match	Molossus_rufus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	13644	Molossus rufus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	MOLOSSIDAE	Molossus	rufus	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1805	This species is called ater by many authors, but see Dolan (1989), who argued, based on descriptions of head and ear shape of both taxa, and examination of the specimens labelled as types of rufus in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris, that Molossus ater Geoffroy, 1805, is really an Eumops , and that rufus is really the correct name for the large Molossus often incorrectly called ater . This species requires taxonomic revision and studies (Barquez pers. comm.).	20000000	Molossus rufus	Least Concern		2015	2015-07-20 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category.	It roosts in buildings, and is hardly captured outside the roosts. It is found in tropical deciduous forests, evergreen, shrubs, oak forest and secondary vegetation (Santos and Castro-Arellano 2005).	There are no known threats to this species.	A study carried out in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, found that colonies of this species can exceed more than 500, with both sexes present. Between April to July the proportion of males overcomes that of females, while in other months females prevailed. This species has ;seasonal reproduction. Females arrived by July and the numbers increased until November. Pregnant females were captured between September, October, November and February. Lactating females were observed in August, October, November, December and February. Active males were observed in all months, being overcome by males with abdominal testes only in July (Esberard 2002).	Stable	This species is found from Tamaulipas, Michoacan and Sinaloa (Mexico) to Peru, northern Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Brazil, Venezuela, Suriname, the Guianas and Trinidad (Simmons 2005).	This species is not used.	Terrestrial	It is found in protected areas. This species needs taxonomic review.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Molossidae	Molossus		rufus	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1805	0	Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist. Paris	0.357639	Black Mastiff Bat	ater albus Wagner, 1843; holosericeus Wagner, 1843; myosurus Tschudi, 1844; ursinus Spix, 1823; <b>castaneus</b> Geoffroy, 1805	French Guiana, Cayenne by restriction (Miller, 1913)	S America from Venezuela, the Guianas, Ecuador, and Peru to C and N Brazil and Bolivia; Trinidad and Tobago	Not listed.	Least Concern	Does not include fluminensis or nigricans ; see Loureiro et al. (2020). Called ater by many authors, but see Carter and Dolan (1978) and Dolan (1989), who argued, based on descriptions of head and ear shape of both taxa, and examination of the specimens labeled as types of rufus in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris, that Molossus ater Geoffroy, 1805, is really a Eumops , and that rufus is really the correct name for the large Molossus often incorrectly called ater . Lectotype designated by Carter and Dolan (1978). Unfortunately, the type of ater has been lost and its relationships are unclear. Although Loureiro et al. (2020) syonymized alecto with fluminensis , rufus most likely includes alecto whose holotype is damaged, and whose affinities are at present somewhat uncertain (L. Loureiro, pers. comm. 2/19/2020).	Molossus rufus	1005205	23	Common Black Mastiff Bat	Black Free-tailed Bat|Black Mastiff Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Molossidae	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Molossus	NA	rufus	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1805	0	Molossus_rufus	Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, É. (1805). Mémoire sur quelques chauve-souris d'Amérique formant une petite famille sous le nom de Molossus. Annales du Muséum d'histoire naturelle, 6, 155.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/92466#page/158/mode/1up	MNHN 1997-1847		"Amérique du nord, de Surinam, et principal ement de Caïenne [= North America, Suriname, and chiefly form Cayenne]." Restricted by G. S. Miller, Jr. in 1913 to Cayenne, French Guiana.			rufus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1805|castaneus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1805|ursinus Spix, 1823|alecto (Temminck, 1826)|albus (J. A. Wagner, 1843)|holosericeus (J. A. Wagner, 1843)|myosurus Tschudi, 1845	previously included M. nigricans and M. fluminensis	Loureiro, L. O., Engstrom, M. D., & Lim, B. K. (2020). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provide unprecedented resolution of species boundaries, phylogenetic relationships, and genetic diversity in the mastiff bats (Molossus). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 143, 106690.				Colombia|Venezuela|Trinidad & Tobago|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia	South America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Molossus_rufus	0	sciname match	Molossus_rufus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Molossus_rufus	1005205	23	Common Black Mastiff Bat	Black Free-tailed Bat|Black Mastiff Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Molossidae	Molossinae	NA	Molossus	NA	rufus	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	0	Molossus rufus	Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, É. 1805-03-21. Note sur une petite famille de chauve-souris d'Amérique, désignée sous le nom générique de Molossus. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société philomatique de Paris (1791-1805) 3(96):278-279.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5495417	MNHN-ZM-MO-1997-1847 (= MNHN ? 224) (= MNHN A 428)	lectotype	http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/zm/mo-1997-1847	"Amérique du nord, de Surinam, et principal ement de Caïenne [= North America, Suriname, and chiefly form Cayenne]." Restricted by G. S. Miller, Jr. in 1913 to Cayenne, French Guiana.			previously included M. nigricans and M. fluminensis	Loureiro, L. O., Engstrom, M. D., & Lim, B. K. (2020). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provide unprecedented resolution of species boundaries, phylogenetic relationships, and genetic diversity in the mastiff bats (Molossus). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 143, 106690.				Colombia|Venezuela|Trinidad and Tobago|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia	South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Molossus_rufus	0	sciname match	Molossus_rufus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Molossidae	Molossus		rufus	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1805	0	Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist. Paris	0.357639	Black Mastiff Bat	ater albus Wagner, 1843; holosericeus Wagner, 1843; myosurus Tschudi, 1844; ursinus Spix, 1823; castaneus Geoffroy, 1805	French Guiana, Cayenne by restriction (Miller, 1913)	S America from Venezuela, the Guianas, Ecuador, and Peru to C and N Brazil and Bolivia; Trinidad and Tobago	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/13644/22107969/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Does not include fluminensis or nigricans; see Loureiro et al. (2020). Called ater by many authors, but see Carter and Dolan (1978) and Dolan (1989), who argued, based on descriptions of head and ear shape of both taxa, and examination of the specimens labeled as types of rufus in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris, that Molossus ater Geoffroy, 1805, is really a Eumops, and that rufus is really the correct name for the large Molossus often incorrectly called ater. Lectotype designated by Carter and Dolan (1978). Unfortunately, the type of ater has been lost and its relationships are unclear. Although Loureiro et al. (2020) syonymized alecto with fluminensis, rufus most likely includes alecto whose holotype is damaged, and whose affinities are at present somewhat uncertain (L. Loureiro, pers. comm. 2/19/2020).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Molossus rufus; Molossus rufus; Molossus rufus; Molossus rufus; Molossus rufus; Molossus rufus; castaneus; albus; holosericeus; myosurus; ursinus; rufus; castaneus; ursinus; alecto; albus; holosericeus; myosurus; Grand Molosse; Rote Samtfledermaus; Moloso rufo; Black Free-tailed Bat; Common Black Mastiff Bat; Black Free-tailed Bat; Black Mastiff Bat; Black Mastiff Bat; Black Mastiff Bat; Molossus ater; M. rufus