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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L669	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Miniopterus sororculus	Miniopterus sororculus	Miniopterus sororculus	Miniopterus sororculus	Miniopterus sororculus	Miniopterus sororculus	Miniopterus sororculus	Miniopterus sororculus	Miniopterus sororculus		[HMW] Miniopterus sororculus Goodman et al., 2007 , “ Madagascar : Province de Fianarantsoa , 3 km south of Ambatofinandrahana , in unnamed cave, 20° 34.321°S , 46°48.530'E , 1,450. m.” Miniopterus sororculus was formerly included in M. fraterculus of eastern Africa. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] None.; [MDD2022] recently described; moved from Vespertilionidae to Miniopteridae; [IUCN] Specimens from Madagascar assigned to M. fraterculus by Peterson et al. (1995) and Simmons (2005) are now considered to be a distinct species (Goodman et al . 2007).; [batnames2023] None.; [MDD2023] recently described; moved from Vespertilionidae to Miniopteridae; [MDD2025_2.0] recently described; moved from Vespertilionidae to Miniopteridae; [batnames2025_1.7] None.; [MDD2025_2.2] recently described; moved from Vespertilionidae to Miniopteridae														sororculus	Specimens from Madagascar assigned to M. fraterculus by Peterson et al. (1995) and Simmons (2005) are now considered to be a distinct species (Goodman et al . 2007).			sororculus	sororculus			sororculus S. M. Goodman, K. E. Ryan, Maminirina, Fahr, Christidis, & B. Appleton, 2007						N/A																																								NA																											E84887F9FFC7D64A0FD7F3D310EE30A0	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Miniopteridae_674.pdf.imf	hash://md5/1471ff81ffd6d6580a4affec112f3619	708	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/E8/48/87/E84887F9FFC7D64A0FD7F3D310EE30A0.xml	Miniopterus sororculus	Miniopteridae	Miniopterus	sororculus	Goodman	2007	Minioptére soeur @fr | Schwesterchen-Langfligelfledermaus @de | Minidéptero de Goodman @es | Malagasy Long-fingered Bat @en | Sororcula Bent-winged Bat @en	Miniopterus sororculus Goodman et al., 2007 , “ Madagascar : Province de Fianarantsoa , 3 km south of Ambatofinandrahana , in unnamed cave, 20° 34.321°S , 46°48.530'E , 1,450. m.” Miniopterus sororculus was formerly included in M. fraterculus of eastern Africa. Monotypic.	Highlands of C Madagascar .	Head-body c¢.54-57 mm, tail 51-58 mm, ear 10-12 mm, hindfoot 6-8 mm, forearm 42-45 mm; weight 7-9-1 g. Dorsal pelage of the Sororcula Long-fingered Bat is notably dense, relatively long, slightly silky, and rich dark brown; ventral pelage has similar texture but is slightly paler. Dorsal pelage occasionally approaches medium dark brown. Wing membrane and uropatagium are dark brownish black and have no noticeable change in color across their surfaces. Dorsally, particularly close to humerus head, and ventrally, there is a slight extension of body pelage onto wing membranes. Tragus (6-8 mm) is relatively long, with curved projection and laterally thickened base.	Remnant native vegetation, open savanna areas, and probably transformed and degraded habitats at elevations of 40-2200 m (mostly above 900 m ). Natural forests near roosts of Sororcula Long-fingered Bats have mostly been cleared and replaced with introduced trees.	There is no specific information recorded for this species, but it is expected to mainly eat soft insects captured in flight as do other long-fingered bats.	No information.	The Sororcula Long-fingered Bat is nocturnal. Specimens collected in a cave at 2200 m were torpid in May. At this elevation during austral winter, minimum temperature drops to near freezing, and it can be assumed therefore that such populations hibernate. It uses shallow caves in rocky (marble and limestone) outcrops and rock crevices as daytime shelters (once found in an attic of a house occupied by people). Echolocation calls have downward FM signals, with maximum frequencies of 83-121 kHz, minimum frequencies of 50-53 kHz, peak frequencies of 53-9-56-6 kHz, durations of 2:7-3-9 milliseconds, and intervals of 50-8-99-8 milliseconds.	Wide elevational range occupied might be associated with movements, with breeding colonies at low elevations and the rest of the life cycle completed at higher elevations. The species shares shelters with Major’s Long-fingered Bat (M. major) and the Manavil Long-fingered Bat ( M. manavi ).	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.	Goodman, Bradman et al. (2008) | Goodman, Ryan et al. (2007) | Monadjem, Cardiff et al. (2017c¢) | Ramasindrazana et al. (2011)	https://zenodo.org/record/6419160/files/figure.png	35. Sororcula Long-fingered Bat Miniopterus sororculus French: Minioptére soeur / German: Schwesterchen-Langfligelfledermaus / Spanish: Minidéptero de Goodman Other common names: Malagasy Long-fingered Bat , Sororcula Bent-winged Bat Taxonomy. Miniopterus sororculus Goodman et al., 2007 , “ Madagascar : Province de Fianarantsoa , 3 km south of Ambatofinandrahana , in unnamed cave, 20° 34.321°S , 46°48.530'E , 1,450. m.” Miniopterus sororculus was formerly included in M. fraterculus of eastern Africa. Monotypic. Distribution. Highlands of C Madagascar . Descriptive notes. Head-body c¢.54-57 mm, tail 51-58 mm, ear 10-12 mm, hindfoot 6-8 mm, forearm 42-45 mm; weight 7-9-1 g. Dorsal pelage of the Sororcula Long-fingered Bat is notably dense, relatively long, slightly silky, and rich dark brown; ventral pelage has similar texture but is slightly paler. Dorsal pelage occasionally approaches medium dark brown. Wing membrane and uropatagium are dark brownish black and have no noticeable change in color across their surfaces. Dorsally, particularly close to humerus head, and ventrally, there is a slight extension of body pelage onto wing membranes. Tragus (6-8 mm) is relatively long, with curved projection and laterally thickened base. Habitat. Remnant native vegetation, open savanna areas, and probably transformed and degraded habitats at elevations of 40-2200 m (mostly above 900 m ). Natural forests near roosts of Sororcula Long-fingered Bats have mostly been cleared and replaced with introduced trees. Food and Feeding. There is no specific information recorded for this species, but it is expected to mainly eat soft insects captured in flight as do other long-fingered bats. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. The Sororcula Long-fingered Bat is nocturnal. Specimens collected in a cave at 2200 m were torpid in May. At this elevation during austral winter, minimum temperature drops to near freezing, and it can be assumed therefore that such populations hibernate. It uses shallow caves in rocky (marble and limestone) outcrops and rock crevices as daytime shelters (once found in an attic of a house occupied by people). Echolocation calls have downward FM signals, with maximum frequencies of 83-121 kHz, minimum frequencies of 50-53 kHz, peak frequencies of 53-9-56-6 kHz, durations of 2:7-3-9 milliseconds, and intervals of 50-8-99-8 milliseconds. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Wide elevational range occupied might be associated with movements, with breeding colonies at low elevations and the rest of the life cycle completed at higher elevations. The species shares shelters with Major’s Long-fingered Bat (M. major) and the Manavil Long-fingered Bat ( M. manavi ). Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Bibliography. Goodman, Bradman et al. (2008), Goodman, Ryan et al. (2007), Monadjem, Cardiff et al. (2017c¢), Ramasindrazana et al. (2011).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Miniopteridae	Miniopterus sororculus	Miniopterus		sororculus	Goodman, Ryan, Maminirina, Christidis, & Appleton	2007	0	J. Mammal.	88(5): 1219	Malagasy Long-fingered Bat	None.	Madagascar: Province de Fianarantsoa, south of Ambatofinandrahana	C Madagascar	Not listed.	Least Concern	None.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Miniopterus sororculus	23	Sororcula Long-fingered Bat	Malagasy Long-fingered Bat|Sororcula Bent-winged Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	MINIOPTERIDAE	NA	NA	Miniopterus	NA	sororculus	Goodman, Ryan, Maminirina, Fahr, Christidis, & Appleton	2007	0	Miniopterus_sororculus	Goodman, S. M., Ryan, K. E., Maminirina, C. P., Fahr, J., Christidis, L., & Appleton, B. (2007). Specific status of populations on Madagascar referred to Miniopterus fraterculus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), with description of a new species. Journal of Mammalogy, 88(5), 1219.	https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/88/5/1216/873834	FMNH 177259		"Madagascar: Province de Fianarantsoa, 3 km south of Ambatofinandrahana, in unnamed cave, 20°34.321'S, 46°48.530'E, 1,450 m."	-20.57	46.809	sororculus Goodman, Ryan, Maminirina, Fahr, Christidis, & Appleton, 2007	recently described; moved from Vespertilionidae to Miniopteridae	Goodman, S. M., Ryan, K. E., Maminirina, C. P., Fahr, J., Christidis, L., & Appleton, B. (2007). Specific status of populations on Madagascar referred to Miniopterus fraterculus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), with description of a new species. Journal of Mammalogy, 88(5), 1216-1229.|Miller-Butterworth, C. M., Murphy, W. J., O'Brien, S. J., Jacobs, D. S., Springer, M. S., & Teeling, E. C. (2007). A family matter: conclusive resolution of the taxonomic position of the long-fingered bats, Miniopterus. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 24(7), 1553-1561.	Madagascar	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Miniopterus_sororculus	0	unmatched	NA	1	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	136401	Miniopterus sororculus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	MINIOPTERIDAE	Miniopterus	sororculus	Goodman, Ryan, Maminirina, Fahr, Christidis &; Appleton, 2007	Specimens from Madagascar assigned to M. fraterculus by Peterson et al. (1995) and Simmons (2005) are now considered to be a distinct species (Goodman et al . 2007).	20000000	Miniopterus sororculus	Least Concern		2017	2016-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern as the species appears to have a broad distribution in the central highlands with a relatively wide elevational range. There are no obvious major threats, and based on current records seems to be at least somewhat adaptable to disturbed habitats.	Recorded from central highlands of Madagascar were it roosts in shallow caves in rocky (marble and limestone) outcrops (Goodman et al. 2007). The natural forest of this area has mostly been cleared and replaced with introduced trees (Goodman et al . 2007), but some remnant native vegetation remains. It has also been recorded from open savanna areas (Goodman et al . 2007). Records from southern Madagascar at elevations &lt;50 m might consist of breeding colones or be evidence of migration (Goodman et al . 2008).	There are no known threats to this species and it exists in areas some distance from native forest (Goodman et al. 2007).	There is no information available on the population status of this recently described endemic species.	Unknown	This recently described species is endemic to Madagascar where it has mainly been recorded from sites above 900 m elevation (Goodman et al. 2007) although there are a few records from sites at elevations &lt;50 m (Goodman et al . 2008). It is known from &lt;10 confirmed localities ranging in elevation from 40 to 2,200 m Asl. It is presumed to have a broad distribution spanning various portions of the central highlands (Goodman et al . 2007).		Terrestrial	At present, there are no known records from protected areas. This is a recently described taxon that does not appear to rely on large tracts of intact forest for its survival (Goodman et al. 2007). Further studies are needed to understand its adaptation to high elevations and extreme climate (Goodman et al . 2007).	Afrotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Miniopteridae	Miniopterus		sororculus	Goodman, Ryan, Maminirina, Christidis, & Appleton	2007	0	J. Mammal.	88(5): 1219	Malagasy Long-fingered Bat	None.	Madagascar: Province de Fianarantsoa, south of Ambatofinandrahana	C Madagascar	Not listed.	Least Concern	None.	Miniopterus sororculus	1005137	23	Sororcula Long-fingered Bat	Malagasy Long-fingered Bat|Sororcula Bent-winged Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Miniopteridae	NA	NA	Miniopterus	NA	sororculus	Goodman, Ryan, Maminirina, Fahr, Christidis, & Appleton	2007	0	Miniopterus_sororculus	Goodman, S. M., Ryan, K. E., Maminirina, C. P., Fahr, J., Christidis, L., & Appleton, B. (2007). Specific status of populations on Madagascar referred to Miniopterus fraterculus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), with description of a new species. Journal of Mammalogy, 88(5), 1219.	https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/88/5/1216/873834	FMNH 177259		"Madagascar: Province de Fianarantsoa, 3 km south of Ambatofinandrahana, in unnamed cave, 20°34.321'S, 46°48.530'E, 1,450 m."	-20.572	46.80883	sororculus Goodman, Ryan, Maminirina, Fahr, Christidis, & Appleton, 2007	recently described; moved from Vespertilionidae to Miniopteridae	Goodman, S. M., Ryan, K. E., Maminirina, C. P., Fahr, J., Christidis, L., & Appleton, B. (2007). Specific status of populations on Madagascar referred to Miniopterus fraterculus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), with description of a new species. Journal of Mammalogy, 88(5), 1216-1229.|Miller-Butterworth, C. M., Murphy, W. J., O'Brien, S. J., Jacobs, D. S., Springer, M. S., & Teeling, E. C. (2007). A family matter: conclusive resolution of the taxonomic position of the long-fingered bats, Miniopterus. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 24(7), 1553-1561.				Madagascar	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Miniopterus_sororculus	0	unmatched	NA	1	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Miniopterus_sororculus	1005137	23	Sororcula Long-fingered Bat	Malagasy Long-fingered Bat|Sororcula Bent-winged Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Miniopteridae	NA	NA	Miniopterus	NA	sororculus	S. M. Goodman, K. E. Ryan, Maminirina, Fahr, Christidis, & B. Appleton	0	Miniopterus sororculus	Goodman, S.M., Ryan, K.E., Maminirina, C.P., Fahr, J., Christidis, L.L. and Appleton, B. 2007-10. Specific status of populations on Madagascar referred to _Miniopterus fraterculus_ (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), with description of a new species. Journal of Mammalogy 88(5):1216-1229.	https://doi.org/10.1644/06-MAMM-A-285R1.1	FMNH:Mamm:177259	holotype	https://collections-zoology.fieldmuseum.org/catalogue/2676027	"Madagascar: Province de Fianarantsoa, 3 km south of Ambatofinandrahana, in unnamed cave, 20°34.321'S, 46°48.530'E, 1,450 m."	-20.572	46.80883	recently described; moved from Vespertilionidae to Miniopteridae	Goodman, S. M., Ryan, K. E., Maminirina, C. P., Fahr, J., Christidis, L., & Appleton, B. (2007). Specific status of populations on Madagascar referred to Miniopterus fraterculus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), with description of a new species. Journal of Mammalogy, 88(5), 1216-1229.|Miller-Butterworth, C. M., Murphy, W. J., O'Brien, S. J., Jacobs, D. S., Springer, M. S., & Teeling, E. C. (2007). A family matter: conclusive resolution of the taxonomic position of the long-fingered bats, Miniopterus. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 24(7), 1553-1561.				Madagascar	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Miniopterus_sororculus	0	unmatched	NA	1	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Miniopteridae	Miniopterus		sororculus	Goodman, Ryan, Maminirina, Fahr, Christidis & Appleton	2007	0	J. Mammal.	88(5): 1219	Malagasy Long-fingered Bat	None.	Madagascar: Province de Fianarantsoa, south of Ambatofinandrahana	C Madagascar	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136401/22015600/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	None.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Miniopterus sororculus; Miniopterus sororculus; Miniopterus sororculus; Miniopterus sororculus; Miniopterus sororculus; sororculus; Minioptére soeur; Schwesterchen-Langfligelfledermaus; Minidéptero de Goodman; Malagasy Long-fingered Bat; Sororcula Bent-winged Bat; Sororcula Long-fingered Bat; Malagasy Long-fingered Bat; Sororcula Bent-winged Bat; Malagasy Long-fingered Bat; M. sororculus