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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L640	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Miniopterus fraterculus	Miniopterus fraterculus	Miniopterus fraterculus	Miniopterus fraterculus	Miniopterus fraterculus	Miniopterus fraterculus	Miniopterus fraterculus	Miniopterus fraterculus	Miniopterus fraterculus	Miniopterus fraterculus	Miniopterus fraterculus	Miniopterus fraterculus	Miniopterus fraterculus	Miniopterus fraterculus	Miniopterus fraterculus		[MSW3] Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).; [HMW] Miniopterus fraterculus Thomas & Schwann, 1906 , “in cave on sea-coast, Knysna,” Western Cape , South Africa . Populations of M. fraterculus in Madagascar are now considered to be two endemic species: M. sororculus and M. peterson. Similarly, populations of central Zambia , Malawi , northern and central Mozambique , and Zimbabwe are also genetically differentiated and included in M. mossambicus . Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).; [MDD2022] moved from Vespertilionidae to Miniopteridae; [IUCN] The currently recognized Miniopterus fraterculus is possibly a complex of morphologically similar species (Monadjem et al. 2013). Although Miniopterus fraterculus is morphologically very similar to M . natalensis , these two are genetically distinct and have different echolocation calls (Miller-Butterworth et al. 2005). The specimens from Malawi and northern Mozambique fall within the size range of M . fraterculus , but have recently been shown to be a new species, M . mossambicus (Monadjem et al. 2013). Similarly, the population from Madagascar has been shown to be specifically distinct from M . fraterculus (Goodman et al. 2007), possibly rendering M . fraterculus a South African and Swaziland endemic. No subspecies are recognised (Skinner &; Chimimba 2005).; [batnames2023] Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).; [MDD2023] moved from Vespertilionidae to Miniopteridae; [MDD2025_2.0] moved from Vespertilionidae to Miniopteridae; [batnames2025_1.7] Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995). The name vicinior was previously considered a synonym of Miniopterus natalensis natalensis (see e.g., Simmons, 2005). We follow Bernard and Happold (2013) in considering vicinior a synonym of fraterculus (and see Stoffberg et al., 2004), but see Thorn et al. (2009) who considered vincinior a valid subspecies. More work is needed.; [MDD2025_2.2] moved from Vespertilionidae to Miniopteridae							vicinior, fraterculus							fraterculus, vicinior	The currently recognized Miniopterus fraterculus is possibly a complex of morphologically similar species (Monadjem et al. 2013). Although Miniopterus fraterculus is morphologically very similar to M . natalensis , these two are genetically distinct and have different echolocation calls (Miller-Butterworth et al. 2005). The specimens from Malawi and northern Mozambique fall within the size range of M . fraterculus , but have recently been shown to be a new species, M . mossambicus (Monadjem et al. 2013). Similarly, the population from Madagascar has been shown to be specifically distinct from M . fraterculus (Goodman et al. 2007), possibly rendering M . fraterculus a South African and Swaziland endemic. No subspecies are recognised (Skinner &; Chimimba 2005).	fraterculus 	fraterculus - vicinior 	fraterculus, vicinior 	fraterculus, vicinior 	fraterculus 	fraterculus - vicinior 	fraterculus O. Thomas & Schwann, 1906|vicinior J. A. Allen in J. A. Allen, Lang, & Chapin, 1917		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Lesser long-fingered bat	Malawi – S Africa; ? Zambia	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Miniopterus fraterculus	South Africa, Cape Province, Knysna.	Thomas and Schwann	1906	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1906:162.	Distribution: Ranging through central and southern Africa from Cameroon and Kenya to the Cape Province and Madagascar.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Lesser long-fingered bat	Malawi – S Africa; Madagascar, ? Zambia	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Thomas and Schwann	1906	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1906:162.		Cape Province, Natal, and Transvaal (South Africa), Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Mozambique.	South Africa, Cape Province, Knysna.		THOMAS & SCHWANN	1906	Size fairly small (forearm length, 41-44 mm; condylobasal length, 13-15 mm).	Distribution: Ranging through central and southern Africa from Cameroon and Kenya to the Cape Province and Madagascar.	Two subspecies are here recognized:	M.f. vicinior (Cameroon to Kenya and south to Zambia), M.f. fraterculus (Malawi to Cape Province and Madagascar).	134	species	M. fraterculus	THOMAS & SCHWANN	1906	Miniopterus	genus	Miniopterus fraterculus				Size fairly small (forearm length, 41-44 mm; condylobasal length, 13-15 mm).	Two subspecies are here recognized:		7. M. fraterculus THOMAS & SCHWANN 1906 [fuscus group].	7	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Miniopterinae		Miniopterus fraterculus	Miniopterus		fraterculus	Thomas and Schwann		1906		Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1906		162		Lesser Long-fingered Bat	South Africa, Western Cape Prov., Knysna.	South Africa, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Mozambique, Madagascar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt).		Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).	E84887F9FFD9D6570AE4FAED160B3496	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Miniopteridae_674.pdf.imf	hash://md5/1471ff81ffd6d6580a4affec112f3619	706	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/E8/48/87/E84887F9FFD9D6570AE4FAED160B3496.xml	Miniopterus fraterculus	Miniopteridae	Miniopterus	fraterculus	Thomas & Schwann	1906	Petit Minioptere @fr | Kleine Langfllgelfledermaus @de | Minidpteropequeno @es | Lesser Bent-winged Bat @en	Miniopterus fraterculus Thomas & Schwann, 1906 , “in cave on sea-coast, Knysna,” Western Cape , South Africa . Populations of M. fraterculus in Madagascar are now considered to be two endemic species: M. sororculus and M. peterson. Similarly, populations of central Zambia , Malawi , northern and central Mozambique , and Zimbabwe are also genetically differentiated and included in M. mossambicus . Monotypic.	With abovementioned taxonomic adjustments, distribution is now restricted to E & S South Africa and Swaziland ; possibly S Mozambique .	Head—body 46-55-6 mm, tail 39-52 mm, ear 8-13 mm, hindfoot 9-11 mm, forearm 42-5-44-5 mm; weight 7-8-5 g. Dorsal pelage is dense, velvety, and usually dark brown or almost black (black morph) or reddish brown (russet morph). Ventral pelage is paler gray-brown. Mid-dorsal hairs (c. 9 mm long) are faintly bicolored, slightly paler at tips than at bases. Wing membranes and uropatagium are dark brown to black. Ears are small, and tragus is relatively long (4-8 mm), with parallelsided rounded tip. The Lesser Long-fingered Batis very similar to the Natal Long-fingered Bat ( M. natalensis ), with which it can share roosts. Nevertheless, the Lesser L.ongfingered Bat is smaller in overall size, especially in total length, but has larger hindfeet.	Temperate montane grasslands of South African coastal belt and a variety of habitats from drier Valley Bushveld and Lowveld to moister Mistbelt. Lesser Long-fingered Bats seem mostly associated with majorriver valleys. They are also considered a clutter-edge foragers, but its smaller body size, lower wing loading, and shorter calls with higher peak frequency with respect to the Natal Long-fingered Bat confirm that the Lesser Long-fingered Bat is more clutter resistant and probably uses more densely vegetated foraging habitats.	The Lesser Long-fingered Bat eats insects captured in flight. In Knysna ( South Africa ), diet was composed almost equally of Lepidoptera, Hemiptera , and Diptera , and very low proportion of some Coleoptera. In this same locality, the Natal Long-fingered Bat consumed the same prey, but Lepidoptera was eaten in smaller amounts, and Coleoptera was as important as Hemiptera and Diptera .	The Lesser Long-fingered Bat is seasonally monoestrous, with only one young per year per female. In the Natal Midlands ( 29°35’ S ), mating lasts from the end of May to the middle of June, and copulation is followed by fertilization of the ovule. From that date until mid-August, there is delayed implantation of 2-5 months. Fetal growth lasts c.4 months, and births take place in December. Births occur at beginning of summer, ensuring maximum availability of insects during first months of growth of young.	The Lesser Long-fingered Bat is thought to be mainly nocturnal. It becomes torpid during the day at 21-24°C and hibernates in winter. During the first one-half of winter (April-July), it loses 15% of body weight (7-1-8-4 g), although this is much less than the loss of the Natal Long-fingered Bat for the same time period. The Lesser Long-fingered Bat feeds more in winter. It mostly uses caves, disused mines, and tunnels as daytime roosts but also crevices in rocks. Availability of suitable roosting sites is a critical factor in determining its distribution. Echolocation calls have downward FM signals, with lowest frequencies of 44-57 kHz, peak frequencies of 59-8-65-8 kHz, durations of 2-6—4-5 milliseconds, and intervals of 40-160 milliseconds.	The Lesser Long-fingered Bat migrates between summer and winter roosts and is suspected to make irregular movements between caves during winter, although its major winter roosts have not been found. It roosts in tightly packed groups of usually less than 100 individuals, much smaller than in the Natal Long-fingered Bat, which with it is commonly found sharing roosts. Female Lesser Long-fingered Bats congregate in nursery colonies in which births and lactation occur. Both sexes hibernate.	Classified as [Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.	Bernard (1980) | Bernard & Happold (2013e) | Goodman, Bradman et al. (2008) | Goodman, Ryan et al. (2007) | Herselman & Norton (1985) | Mille~Butterworth et al. (2005) | Monadjem, Goodman et al. (2013) | Monadjem, Ranivo et al. (2017) | Monadjem, Taylor et al. (2010) | Schoeman & Jacobs (2008) | Stoffberg et al. (2004) | Thomas & Schwann (1906)	https://zenodo.org/record/5735280/files/figure.png	26. Lesser Long-fingered Bat Miniopterus fraterculus French: Petit Minioptere / German: Kleine Langfllgelfledermaus / Spanish: Minidptero pequeno Other common names: Lesser Bent-winged Bat Taxonomy. Miniopterus fraterculus Thomas & Schwann, 1906 , “in cave on sea-coast, Knysna,” Western Cape , South Africa . Populations of M. fraterculus in Madagascar are now considered to be two endemic species: M. sororculus and M. peterson. Similarly, populations of central Zambia , Malawi , northern and central Mozambique , and Zimbabwe are also genetically differentiated and included in M. mossambicus . Monotypic. Distribution. With abovementioned taxonomic adjustments, distribution is now restricted to E & S South Africa and Swaziland ; possibly S Mozambique . Descriptive notes. Head—body 46-55-6 mm, tail 39-52 mm, ear 8-13 mm, hindfoot 9-11 mm, forearm 42-5-44-5 mm; weight 7-8-5 g. Dorsal pelage is dense, velvety, and usually dark brown or almost black (black morph) or reddish brown (russet morph). Ventral pelage is paler gray-brown. Mid-dorsal hairs (c. 9 mm long) are faintly bicolored, slightly paler at tips than at bases. Wing membranes and uropatagium are dark brown to black. Ears are small, and tragus is relatively long (4-8 mm), with parallelsided rounded tip. The Lesser Long-fingered Batis very similar to the Natal Long-fingered Bat ( M. natalensis ), with which it can share roosts. Nevertheless, the Lesser L.ongfingered Bat is smaller in overall size, especially in total length, but has larger hindfeet. Habitat. Temperate montane grasslands of South African coastal belt and a variety of habitats from drier Valley Bushveld and Lowveld to moister Mistbelt. Lesser Long-fingered Bats seem mostly associated with majorriver valleys. They are also considered a clutter-edge foragers, but its smaller body size, lower wing loading, and shorter calls with higher peak frequency with respect to the Natal Long-fingered Bat confirm that the Lesser Long-fingered Bat is more clutter resistant and probably uses more densely vegetated foraging habitats. Food and Feeding. The Lesser Long-fingered Bat eats insects captured in flight. In Knysna ( South Africa ), diet was composed almost equally of Lepidoptera, Hemiptera , and Diptera , and very low proportion of some Coleoptera. In this same locality, the Natal Long-fingered Bat consumed the same prey, but Lepidoptera was eaten in smaller amounts, and Coleoptera was as important as Hemiptera and Diptera . Breeding. The Lesser Long-fingered Bat is seasonally monoestrous, with only one young per year per female. In the Natal Midlands ( 29°35’ S ), mating lasts from the end of May to the middle of June, and copulation is followed by fertilization of the ovule. From that date until mid-August, there is delayed implantation of 2-5 months. Fetal growth lasts c.4 months, and births take place in December. Births occur at beginning of summer, ensuring maximum availability of insects during first months of growth of young. Activity patterns. The Lesser Long-fingered Bat is thought to be mainly nocturnal. It becomes torpid during the day at 21-24°C and hibernates in winter. During the first one-half of winter (April-July), it loses 15% of body weight (7-1-8-4 g), although this is much less than the loss of the Natal Long-fingered Bat for the same time period. The Lesser Long-fingered Bat feeds more in winter. It mostly uses caves, disused mines, and tunnels as daytime roosts but also crevices in rocks. Availability of suitable roosting sites is a critical factor in determining its distribution. Echolocation calls have downward FM signals, with lowest frequencies of 44-57 kHz, peak frequencies of 59-8-65-8 kHz, durations of 2-6—4-5 milliseconds, and intervals of 40-160 milliseconds. Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Lesser Long-fingered Bat migrates between summer and winter roosts and is suspected to make irregular movements between caves during winter, although its major winter roosts have not been found. It roosts in tightly packed groups of usually less than 100 individuals, much smaller than in the Natal Long-fingered Bat, which with it is commonly found sharing roosts. Female Lesser Long-fingered Bats congregate in nursery colonies in which births and lactation occur. Both sexes hibernate. Status and Conservation. Classified as [Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Bibliography. Bernard (1980), Bernard & Happold (2013e), Goodman, Bradman et al. (2008), Goodman, Ryan et al. (2007), Herselman & Norton (1985), Mille~Butterworth et al. (2005), Monadjem, Goodman et al. (2013), Monadjem, Ranivo et al. (2017), Monadjem, Taylor et al. (2010), Schoeman & Jacobs (2008), Stoffberg et al. (2004), Thomas & Schwann (1906).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Miniopteridae	Miniopterus fraterculus	Miniopterus		fraterculus	Thomas & Schwann	1906	0	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1908:42:00	Lesser Long-fingered Bat	None.	South Africa, Western Cape Prov., Knysna.	South Africa, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Mozambique, Madagascar.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Miniopterus fraterculus	23	Lesser Long-fingered Bat	Lesser Bent-winged Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	MINIOPTERIDAE	NA	NA	Miniopterus	NA	fraterculus	O. Thomas & Schwann	1906	0	Miniopterus_fraterculus	Thomas, O. & H. Schwann. (1906). The Rudd Exploration of South Africa. -IV. List of mammals obtained by Mr. Grant at Knysna. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1906, 1, 162.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100045#page/208/mode/1up	BM 1905.5.7.18		"in cave on sea-coast, Knysna," Western Cape, South Africa.			fraterculus O. Thomas & Schwann, 1906|vicinior J. A. Allen, 1917	moved from Vespertilionidae to Miniopteridae	Miller-Butterworth, C. M., Murphy, W. J., O'Brien, S. J., Jacobs, D. S., Springer, M. S., & Teeling, E. C. (2007). A family matter: conclusive resolution of the taxonomic position of the long-fingered bats, Miniopterus. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 24(7), 1553-1561.	South Africa|Eswatini|Mozambique?	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Miniopterus_fraterculus	0	sciname match	Miniopterus_fraterculus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	13563	Miniopterus fraterculus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	MINIOPTERIDAE	Miniopterus	fraterculus	Thomas & Schwann, 1906	The currently recognized Miniopterus fraterculus is possibly a complex of morphologically similar species (Monadjem et al. 2013). Although Miniopterus fraterculus is morphologically very similar to M . natalensis , these two are genetically distinct and have different echolocation calls (Miller-Butterworth et al. 2005). The specimens from Malawi and northern Mozambique fall within the size range of M . fraterculus , but have recently been shown to be a new species, M . mossambicus (Monadjem et al. 2013). Similarly, the population from Madagascar has been shown to be specifically distinct from M . fraterculus (Goodman et al. 2007), possibly rendering M . fraterculus a South African and Swaziland endemic. No subspecies are recognised (Skinner &; Chimimba 2005).	20000000	Miniopterus fraterculus	Least Concern		2017	2016-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Known from a number of discrete ranges. This species is listed as Least Concern in view of its widespread distribution on the African mainland and its ability to live in a wide variety of habitat types. On Madagascar, it is quite rare and further surveys are required.	The species' distribution in KwaZulu-Natal indicates a wide range of habitats from drier Valley bushveld and Lowveld to moister Mistbelt (including forest habitats), where suitable cover is present in the form of caves, overhangs, and unused mine and railway tunnels (Taylor, 1998). Roosts in caves, overhangs, disused mines, railway tunnels and similar habitats (Skinner and Chimimba 2005). In KwaZulu-Natal it has been found in damp sandstone caves, a solution cave of poorly consolidated glacio-fluvial boulder clay, a rocky overhang over a forest stream, a rock fissure, a railway tunnel as well as from unused mine adits (Taylor, 1998).	There are no major threats to this species on the African mainland.	It is common and widespread.	Unknown	This species is present in Central Africa, East Africa and southern Africa. It is known from a number of discrete ranges, the largest of which stretches down south-eastern Africa, from Malawi, Mozambique and Zimbabwe, down to South Africa (where is extends along the south coast). It is also known from eastern Democratic Republic of Congo near the borders with Uganda and Rwanda (although this population needs to be confirmed as Miniopterus fraterculus ), and recorded from localities in Tanzania, Zambia, and Kenya. A small recorded range in Kenya near the border with Tanzania probably does not represent Miniopterus fraterculus .		Terrestrial	This species is presumably present in a number of protected areas. In Tanzania it is present in the Manga Forest Reserve of Tanzania (Doggert et al. 1999). Further studies are needed to better define the range of this species.	Afrotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Miniopteridae	Miniopterus		fraterculus	Thomas & Schwann	1906	0	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1908:42:00	Lesser Long-fingered Bat	None.	South Africa, Western Cape Prov., Knysna.	South Africa, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Mozambique, Madagascar.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).	Miniopterus fraterculus	1005110	23	Lesser Long-fingered Bat	Lesser Bent-winged Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Miniopteridae	NA	NA	Miniopterus	NA	fraterculus	O. Thomas & Schwann	1906	0	Miniopterus_fraterculus	Thomas, O. & H. Schwann. (1906). The Rudd Exploration of South Africa. -IV. List of mammals obtained by Mr. Grant at Knysna. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1906, 1, 162.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100045#page/208/mode/1up	BM 1905.5.7.18		"in cave on sea-coast, Knysna," Western Cape, South Africa.			fraterculus O. Thomas & Schwann, 1906|vicinior J. A. Allen, 1917	moved from Vespertilionidae to Miniopteridae	Miller-Butterworth, C. M., Murphy, W. J., O'Brien, S. J., Jacobs, D. S., Springer, M. S., & Teeling, E. C. (2007). A family matter: conclusive resolution of the taxonomic position of the long-fingered bats, Miniopterus. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 24(7), 1553-1561.				South Africa|Eswatini|Mozambique?	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Miniopterus_fraterculus	0	sciname match	Miniopterus_fraterculus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Miniopterus_fraterculus	1005110	23	Lesser Long-fingered Bat	Lesser Bent-winged Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Miniopteridae	NA	NA	Miniopterus	NA	fraterculus	O. Thomas & Schwann	0	Miniopterus fraterculus	Thomas, O. and Schwann, H. 1906-06-07. The Rudd exploration of South Africa.—IV. List of mammals obtained by Mr. Grant at Knysna. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1906(1):159-168.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32051488	BMNH:Mamm:1905.5.7.18	holotype		"in cave on sea-coast, Knysna," Western Cape, South Africa.			moved from Vespertilionidae to Miniopteridae	Miller-Butterworth, C. M., Murphy, W. J., O'Brien, S. J., Jacobs, D. S., Springer, M. S., & Teeling, E. C. (2007). A family matter: conclusive resolution of the taxonomic position of the long-fingered bats, Miniopterus. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 24(7), 1553-1561.				South Africa|Eswatini|Mozambique?	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Miniopterus_fraterculus	0	sciname match	Miniopterus_fraterculus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Miniopteridae	Miniopterus		fraterculus	Thomas & Schwann	1906	0	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1908:42:00	Lesser Long-fingered Bat	Yes.	South Africa, Western Cape Prov., Knysna.	South Africa, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Mozambique, Madagascar.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/13563/22104581/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995). The name vicinior was previously considered a synonym of Miniopterus natalensis natalensis (see e.g., Simmons, 2005). We follow Bernard and Happold (2013) in considering vicinior a synonym of fraterculus (and see Stoffberg et al., 2004), but see Thorn et al. (2009) who considered vincinior a valid subspecies. More work is needed.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Miniopterus fraterculus; Miniopterus fraterculus; Miniopterus fraterculus; Miniopterus fraterculus; Miniopterus fraterculus; Miniopterus fraterculus; fraterculus; vicinior; Petit Minioptere; Kleine Langfllgelfledermaus; Minidpteropequeno; Lesser Bent-winged Bat; Lesser Long-fingered Bat; Lesser Bent-winged Bat; Lesser Long-fingered Bat; Lesser Long-fingered Bat; M. fraterculus