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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L612	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Ectophylla macconnelli	Ectophylla macconnelli	Mesophylla macconnelli	Mesophylla macconnelli	Mesophylla macconnelli	Mesophylla macconnelli	Mesophylla macconnelli	Mesophylla macconnelli	Mesophylla macconnelli	Mesophylla macconnelli	Mesophylla macconnelli	Mesophylla macconnelli	Mesophylla macconnelli	Mesophylla macconnelli	Mesophylla macconnelli		[MSW3] See Kunz and Pena (1992).; [HMW] Mesophylla macconnelli Thomas, 1901 , “Kanuku Mountains, about 59° W . and 3° N . ... 2000 feet [= 610 m ],” Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo , Guyana . Mesophylla macconnelli was considered a species of Vampyressa , but recent morphological and molecular studies demonstrate distinctions between Mesophylla and Vampyressa . Monotypic.; [batnames2022] See Kunz and Pena (1992).; [IUCN] Some authorities consider this species to be in the Vampyressa genus and it can be easily confused with other species in this genus.; [batnames2023] See Kunz and Pena (1992).; [batnames2025_1.7] See Kunz and Pena (1992).						flavescens.	flavescens, macconnelli	macconnelli, flavescens				macconnelli, flavescens		macconnelli, flavescens	Some authorities consider this species to be in the Vampyressa genus and it can be easily confused with other species in this genus.	macconnelli, flavescens		macconnelli, flavescens	macconnelli, flavescens	flavescens, macconnelli		macconnelli O. Thomas, 1901|flavescens (G. G. Goodwin & Greenhall, 1962)		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		Costa Rica – E Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Trinidad	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Ectophylla macconnelli	Guyana, Essequibo Dist., Kunuku Mts.	Thomas	1901	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 8:143.	Distribution: Same as for genus.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	McConnell's bat	Costa Rica – E Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Trinidad	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Thomas	1901	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 8:145.		Costa Rica to Peru, Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil; Trinidad.	Guyana, Essequibo Dist., Kunuku Mtns.		THOMAS	1901	Size fairly small (forearm length, 29-34 mm; condylobasal length, 15-17 mm). Color light brownish.	Distribution: Same as for genus.	Two subspecies are here recognized:	M. m.flavescens (known from Trinidad and the Peruvian highlands), M.m. macconnelli (most of the remaining range)	90	species	M. macconnelli	THOMAS	1901	Mesophylla	genus	Mesophylla macconnelli				Size fairly small (forearm length, 29-34 mm; condylobasal length, 15-17 mm). Color light brownish.	Two subspecies are here recognized:		1. M. macconnelli THOMAS 1901.	1	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Phyllostomidae	Stenodermatinae	Stenodermatini	Mesophylla macconnelli	Mesophylla		macconnelli	Thomas		1901		Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7	8		145		MacConnell's Bat	Guyana, Essequibo Dist., Kanuku Mtns.	Nicaragua south to Peru, Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil; Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	flavescens Goodwin and Greenhall, 1962.	See Kunz and Pena (1992).	03A687BCFFFDFFFD138AF9A2FD0CFFC0	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff9fffc4ffb1ffb1133cffbaffe0f244	560	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/A6/87/03A687BCFFFDFFFD138AF9A2FD0CFFC0.xml	Mesophylla macconnelli	Phyllostomidae	Mesophylla	macconnelli	Thomas	1901	Vampyresse soufrée @fr | Mac Connell-Fledermaus @de | Murciélago de Mac Connell @es	Mesophylla macconnelli Thomas, 1901 , “Kanuku Mountains, about 59° W . and 3° N . ... 2000 feet [= 610 m ],” Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo , Guyana . Mesophylla macconnelli was considered a species of Vampyressa , but recent morphological and molecular studies demonstrate distinctions between Mesophylla and Vampyressa . Monotypic.	Central America from Nicaragua , Costa Rica , and Panama to Colombia , Venezuela , the Guianas, Brazil , Ecuador , E Peru , and N Bolivia ; also on Trinidad I.	Head-body 45-49 mm (tailless), ear 9:-5-13-5 mm, hindfoot 8-12 mm, forearm 29-5-34 mm; weight 6-8 g. MacConnell’s Batis very delicate and among the smaller species in the family. Dorsal fur is thick, pale gray-brown or pale gray, getting darker toward back; hairs are tricolored, with pale brown bases, whitish middles, and pale brown tips. There is no white stripe along back. Ventralfur is evenly buffy gray. White facial stripes are indistinct or absent. Noseleaf is simple, bright yellow, medium-sized, and rough-edged,;if laid forward, there is a second tiny noseleaf. Ears and noseleaf are bright yellow, with brownish tinge on upper parts of ears. Wing membrane is “mummy brown.” Tragus is pointed, with lobes that project externally on to front. There is a supplementary lobe on antitragus. Forearm,fingers, and thumbs are yellowish pink. Plagiopatagium extends to distal part of metatarsal, attached to curved calcar. Tail membrane is pale brown and short. Dental formulais12/2, C1/1,P 2/2, M 2/3 ( x2 ) = 30. Premolars are delicate and evenly spaced. Skull is relatively small and fragile. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 21/22 and FN = 18. MacConnell’s Bat has a XXXX,/ XX,Y system, with the Y-chromosome translocated to the autosomes.	Evergreen forests, rainforests (secondary), and commonly lowlands with numerous palms. MacConnell’s Bat has a clear affinity for tropical humid forests.	MacConnell’s Bat is mainly frugivorous. In French Guiana , one of seven individuals had pollen in addition to fruits in its fecal samples.	Female MacConnell’s Bats with young use the same roost until young reach adulthood. Females often change roosts. Pregnant females have been captured in January—March andJuly-September, suggesting bimodal polyestry as in other stenodermatines.	MacConnell’s Bat is nocturnal and makes tents for roosting. In French Guiana , leaf tents were made of bifid terminal leaflets of palm ( Astrocaryum , Arecaceae ) fronds in well-drained primary forests. Tents have also been found in a species of Cyclanthaceae and apical type tents in Anthurium (Araceae) and Geonoma ( Arecaceae ). MacConnell’s Bats also roost in hollow trees.	Groups of MacConnell’s Bats have 3-8 individuals, including lactating females, young, and 1-2 adult males.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.	Arroyo-Cabrales (2008a) | Gomes et al. (2016) | Goodwin & Greenhall (1962) | Hoofer & Baker (2006) | Kunz & Pena (1992) | LaVal & Rodriguez-Herrera (2002) | Reid (2009) | Rodriguez-Herrera et al. (2007) | Simmons & Voss (1998) | Starrett & Casebeer (1968)	https://zenodo.org/record/6458926/files/figure.png	162. MacConnell’s Bat Mesophylla macconnelli French: Vampyresse soufrée / German: MacConnell-Fledermaus / Spanish: Murciélago de MacConnell Taxonomy. Mesophylla macconnelli Thomas, 1901 , “Kanuku Mountains, about 59° W . and 3° N . ... 2000 feet [= 610 m ],” Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo , Guyana . Mesophylla macconnelli was considered a species of Vampyressa , but recent morphological and molecular studies demonstrate distinctions between Mesophylla and Vampyressa . Monotypic. Distribution. Central America from Nicaragua , Costa Rica , and Panama to Colombia , Venezuela , the Guianas, Brazil , Ecuador , E Peru , and N Bolivia ; also on Trinidad I. Descriptive notes. Head-body 45-49 mm (tailless), ear 9:-5-13-5 mm, hindfoot 8-12 mm, forearm 29-5-34 mm; weight 6-8 g. MacConnell’s Batis very delicate and among the smaller species in the family. Dorsal fur is thick, pale gray-brown or pale gray, getting darker toward back; hairs are tricolored, with pale brown bases, whitish middles, and pale brown tips. There is no white stripe along back. Ventralfur is evenly buffy gray. White facial stripes are indistinct or absent. Noseleaf is simple, bright yellow, medium-sized, and rough-edged,;if laid forward, there is a second tiny noseleaf. Ears and noseleaf are bright yellow, with brownish tinge on upper parts of ears. Wing membrane is “mummy brown.” Tragus is pointed, with lobes that project externally on to front. There is a supplementary lobe on antitragus. Forearm,fingers, and thumbs are yellowish pink. Plagiopatagium extends to distal part of metatarsal, attached to curved calcar. Tail membrane is pale brown and short. Dental formulais12/2, C1/1,P 2/2, M 2/3 ( x2 ) = 30. Premolars are delicate and evenly spaced. Skull is relatively small and fragile. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 21/22 and FN = 18. MacConnell’s Bat has a XXXX,/ XX,Y system, with the Y-chromosome translocated to the autosomes. Habitat. Evergreen forests, rainforests (secondary), and commonly lowlands with numerous palms. MacConnell’s Bat has a clear affinity for tropical humid forests. Food and Feeding. MacConnell’s Bat is mainly frugivorous. In French Guiana , one of seven individuals had pollen in addition to fruits in its fecal samples. Breeding. Female MacConnell’s Bats with young use the same roost until young reach adulthood. Females often change roosts. Pregnant females have been captured in January—March andJuly-September, suggesting bimodal polyestry as in other stenodermatines. Activity patterns. MacConnell’s Bat is nocturnal and makes tents for roosting. In French Guiana , leaf tents were made of bifid terminal leaflets of palm ( Astrocaryum , Arecaceae ) fronds in well-drained primary forests. Tents have also been found in a species of Cyclanthaceae and apical type tents in Anthurium (Araceae) and Geonoma ( Arecaceae ). MacConnell’s Bats also roost in hollow trees. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Groups of MacConnell’s Bats have 3-8 individuals, including lactating females, young, and 1-2 adult males. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Bibliography. Arroyo-Cabrales (2008a), Gomes et al. (2016), Goodwin & Greenhall (1962), Hoofer & Baker (2006), Kunz & Pena (1992), LaVal & Rodriguez-Herrera (2002), Reid (2009), Rodriguez-Herrera et al. (2007), Simmons & Voss (1998), Starrett & Casebeer (1968).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Phyllostomidae	Mesophylla macconnelli	Mesophylla		macconnelli	Thomas	1901	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 7, 8: 145	MacConnell's Bat	 <b>flavescens </b>Goodwin and Greenhall, 1962.	Guyana, Essequibo Dist., Kanuku Mtns.	Nicaragua south to Peru, Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil; Trinidad.	Not listed.	Least Concern	See Kunz and Pena (1992).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Mesophylla macconnelli	23	MacConnell's Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	STENODERMATINAE	STENODERMATINI	Mesophylla	NA	macconnelli	O. Thomas	1901	0	Mesophylla_Macconnelli	Thomas, O. (1901). On a collection of mammals from the Kanuku Mountains, British Guiana. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser.7, 8, 145.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94923#page/169/mode/1up	BM 1901.6.4.64		"Kanuku Mountains, about 59° W. and 3° N. … 2000 feet [= 610 m]," Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo, Guyana.	3	-59	macconnelli (O. Thomas, 1901)|flavescens (G. G. Goodwin & Greenhall, 1962)	NA	NA	Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Trinidad & Tobago|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia	North America|South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Mesophylla_macconnelli	0	sciname match	Mesophylla_macconnelli	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	13240	Mesophylla macconnelli	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	Mesophylla	macconnelli	Thomas, 1901	Some authorities consider this species to be in the Vampyressa genus and it can be easily confused with other species in this genus.	20000000	Mesophylla macconnelli	Least Concern		2015	2015-07-20 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Least Concern because it is widely distributed and unlikely to be declining at a rate which would qualify it for inclusion in a threatened category.	This species is poorly known. It is usually recorded in mature evergreen forest in Venezuela (Handley 1976), and also in disturbed lowland rainforest (Emmons and Feer 1997). It makes leaf tents in young bifid palms and arums (Kunz et al. 1994). A group of three bats was roosting under a tent made from a single broad palm leaf about 150 cm high; the leaf had been cut in a broad V from its opposite edges to the midrib. It is often found in low-lying areas with numerous palms and has also been found roosting in a hollow tree (Emmons and Feer 1997, Reid 1997). It roosts in at least six different species of plants (Rodriguez-Herrera pers. comm.).	Deforestation occurs within the range of this species but this is not a major threat.	It is not uncommon and it is widespread (Emmons and Feer 1997).	Unknown	This species occurs from Nicaragua south through Panama to Peru, Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil. It is also found in Trinidad, ;Venezuela, the Guianas and Suriname. It is found in the lowlands to 1,100 m asl (Reid 1997).	This species is not used.	Terrestrial	The recommended conservation action is to reduce the loss of forests habitats.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Phyllostomidae	Mesophylla		macconnelli	Thomas	1901	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 7, 8: 145	MacConnell's Bat	 <b>flavescens </b>Goodwin and Greenhall, 1962.	Guyana, Essequibo Dist., Kanuku Mtns.	Nicaragua south to Peru, Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil; Trinidad.	Not listed.	Least Concern	See Kunz and Pena (1992).	Mesophylla macconnelli	1005031	23	MacConnell's Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Phyllostomidae	STENODERMATINAE	STENODERMATINI	Mesophylla	NA	macconnelli	O. Thomas	1901	0	Mesophylla_Macconnelli	Thomas, O. (1901). On a collection of mammals from the Kanuku Mountains, British Guiana. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser.7, 8, 145.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94923#page/169/mode/1up	BM 1901.6.4.64		"Kanuku Mountains, about 59° W. and 3° N. … 2000 feet [= 610 m]," Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo, Guyana.	3	-59	macconnelli (O. Thomas, 1901)|flavescens (G. G. Goodwin & Greenhall, 1962)	NA	NA				Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Trinidad & Tobago|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia	North America|South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Mesophylla_macconnelli	0	sciname match	Mesophylla_macconnelli	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Mesophylla_macconnelli	1005031	23	MacConnell's Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Phyllostomidae	Stenodermatinae	Stenodermatini	Mesophylla	NA	macconnelli	O. Thomas	0	Mesophylla Macconnelli	Thomas, O. 1901-08-01. On a Collection of Mammals from the Kanuku Mountains, British Guiana. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7)8(44):139-154.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29980189	BMNH:Mamm:1901.6.4.64	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/b8d6c819-2345-4aad-8bbd-e92e70d37232	"Kanuku Mountains, about 59° W. and 3° N. … 2000 feet [= 610 m]," Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo, Guyana.	3	-59	NA	NA				Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Trinidad and Tobago|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia	North America|South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Mesophylla_macconnelli	0	sciname match	Mesophylla_macconnelli	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Phyllostomidae	Mesophylla		macconnelli	Thomas	1901	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 7, 8: 145	MacConnell's Bat	flavescens Goodwin and Greenhall, 1962.	Guyana, Essequibo Dist., Kanuku Mtns.	Nicaragua south to Peru, Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil; Trinidad.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/13240/21987618/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	See Kunz and Pena (1992).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	Vampyressina	Mesophylla macconnelli; Mesophylla macconnelli; Mesophylla macconnelli; Mesophylla macconnelli; Mesophylla macconnelli; Mesophylla macconnelli; macconnelli; flavescens; flavescens; macconnelli; flavescens; Vampyresse soufrée; Mac Connell-Fledermaus; Murciélago de Mac Connell; MacConnell's Bat; MacConnell's Bat; MacConnell's Bat; M. macconnelli