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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L610	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Megaloglossus woermanni	Megaloglossus woermanni	Megaloglossus woermanni	Megaloglossus woermanni	Megaloglossus woermanni	Megaloglossus woermanni	Megaloglossus woermanni	Megaloglossus woermanni	Megaloglossus woermanni	Megaloglossus woermanni	Megaloglossus woermanni	Megaloglossus woermanni	Megaloglossus woermanni	Megaloglossus woermanni	Megaloglossus woermanni		[MSW2] Reviewed by Bergmans and Van Bree (1972).; [MSW3] Reviewed by Bergmans and van Bree (1972) and Bergmans (1997).; [HMW] Megaloglossus woermanni Pagenstecher, 1885 , Ssibange farm, Gabon . Until recently, M. woermanni was the only species of Megaloglossus , but based on molecular data, West African populations were assigned to M. azagnyi . Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Reviewed by Bergmans and van Bree (1972) and Bergmans (1997).; [IUCN] Based on a recent taxonomic split, the Central African populations of Megaloglossus woermanni are now recognized as a distinct species and distinguished from the newly established West African species M. azagnyi (Nesi et al. 2013). The study used molecular and morphological data which revealed high genetic differences that clearly support the species split, even though the two species show high morphological similarity, with M. woermanni being slightly larger. The limits of the distribution of M. woermanni are currently not known, and it is not clear if it occurs in sympatry with M. azagnyi . Molecular data of individuals from Benin and Nigeria is required to allocate exact species boundaries.; [batnames2023] Reviewed by Bergmans and van Bree (1972) and Bergmans (1997).; [batnames2025_1.7] Reviewed by Bergmans and van Bree (1972) and Bergmans (1997).						prigoginii.			prigoginei			woermanni	woermanni - prigoginei	woermanni, prigoginei	Based on a recent taxonomic split, the Central African populations of Megaloglossus woermanni are now recognized as a distinct species and distinguished from the newly established West African species M. azagnyi (Nesi et al. 2013). The study used molecular and morphological data which revealed high genetic differences that clearly support the species split, even though the two species show high morphological similarity, with M. woermanni being slightly larger. The limits of the distribution of M. woermanni are currently not known, and it is not clear if it occurs in sympatry with M. azagnyi . Molecular data of individuals from Benin and Nigeria is required to allocate exact species boundaries.	woermanni	woermanni - prigoginei	woermanni, prigoginei	woermanni, prigoginei	woermanni	woermanni - prigoginei	woermanni Pagenstecher, 1885|prigoginei Hayman, 1966		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	African long-tongued fruit bat	Guinea – Uganda – N Angola	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Megaloglossus woermanni	Gabon, Sibange farm.	Pagenstecher	1885	Zool. Anz., 8:245.	Dis tribution: Same as for genus.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	African long-tongued fruit bat	Guinea – Uganda – N Angola	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Pagenstecher	1885	Zool. Anz., 8:245.	Reviewed by Bergmans and Van Bree (1972).	Liberia to Uganda, S Zaire, and N Angola; Bioko.	Gabon, Sibange farm.		PAGENSTECHER	1885	Size rela tively small (forearm length, 37-50mm).	Dis tribution: Same as for genus.	Two poorly marked subspecies.		38	species	M. woermanni	PAGENSTECHER	1885	Megaloglossus	genus	Megaloglossus woermanni				Size rela tively small (forearm length, 37-50mm).	Two poorly marked subspecies.		1. M. woermanni PAGENSTECHER 1885 .	1	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Megaloglossus woermanni	Megaloglossus		woermanni	Pagenstecher		1885		Zool. Anz.	8		245		Woermann's Long-tongued Fruit Bat	Gabon, Sibange farm.	Guinea Bissau, Guinea, and Sierra Leone to Dem. Rep. Congo and Uganda, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko, Mbini), Gabon, Republic of Congo, and N Angola.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – Not Threatened. IUCN 2003 – Lower Risk (lc).	prigoginei Hayman, 1966.	Reviewed by Bergmans and van Bree (1972) and Bergmans (1997).	03AD87FAFFE5F60B89653FCCF5A8F55E	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	91	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFE5F60B89653FCCF5A8F55E.xml	Megaloglossus woermanni	Pteropodidae	Megaloglossus	woermanni	Pagenstecher	1885	Mégaloglosse de Woermann @fr | Ostlicher Afrika-Langzungenflughund @de | Megaloglosus de \WWoermann @es | \Woermann’s Bat @en | Woermann'’s Fruit Bat @en | Woermann's Long-tongued Fruit Bat @en	Megaloglossus woermanni Pagenstecher, 1885 , Ssibange farm, Gabon . Until recently, M. woermanni was the only species of Megaloglossus , but based on molecular data, West African populations were assigned to M. azagnyi . Monotypic.	From S Benin and Nigeria E to DR Congo and Uganda and S to N Angola , including Bioko I. Additional research is needed to reidentify specimens from Benin and Nigeria because it is not clear if Dahomey Gap or Cameroon Mts forms a boundary between both Woermann’s fruit bat species.	Head-body 60-79 mm (tailless), ear 9-20 mm , hindfoot 12-13 mm , forearm 38-49 mm ; weight 10-25 g . The Eastern Woermann’s Fruit Bat has long pointed muzzle. Head is small and narrow; eyes are large and brown; ears are rounded at tips, without any basal ear patches; and tongueis long ( 20 mm ) and narrow ( 5 mm ), covered by numerous rows of backward-pointing hair-like papillae for lapping nectar. Adult males lack epaulettes; dorsum is generally uniform dark brown; hairs are pale brown at bases and dark brown at tips; pelage is soft and moderately dense; and hairs are mid-dorsally 6-8 mm . Venter is slightly paler than dorsum; adult males have collar of long white, yellow, or orangestiff (sometimes sticky), clustered hairs on throat, neck, and upper part of chest. Wings have claw on second digits; membranes are dark brown, attaching to second or third toes or between them; third finger is longer than fifth; toes rarely are weakly webbed; uropatagium is V-shaped; and calcaris short. Skull has strong basicranial deflection, rostrum is long, braincase is very rounded, sagittal crest is absent, and zygomatic arches are poorly developed. Mandible is thin and arched, symphysis is procumbent, and processes of ramus are very weak. There are seven thick palatal ridges, and ridges 5 and 6 are divided by median groove. Supernumerary molars are sometimes present posteriorly in either or both upper and lower jaws, resulting in 36 or 38 teeth, primarily in females. Teeth are rather weak except for canines that are large and recurved; cheekteeth are low (sometimes barely breaking through gum) and narrow, without prominent cusps. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 34 and FNa = 62, with eleven pairs of metacentric, four pairs of subtelocentric, and one pair of acrocentric autosomes. X-chromosome is mediumsized metacentric, and Y-chromosome is small metacentric or submetacentric.	Central African Rainforest biotic zone in primary and secondary lowland forests, clearings, agricultural land (mainly banana plantations), and sometimes Afromontane-Afroalpine biotic zone and Rainforest Savanna mosaics from sea level up to elevations of 1950 m .	The Eastern Woermann'’s Fruit Bat is nectarivorous, but pollen is also eaten. It lands on or near flowers to feed, and tongue moves in and out of the flower corolla c.7 times/second, scooping up nectar. Flowersvisited for nectar or pollen include Kigelia africana ( Bignoniaceae ) and Musa sp. ( Musaceae ); records of several other plant species are confined for the Western Woermann’s Fruit Bat (M. azagnyi ) but it is expected that those plants are also part of the diet of the Eastern Woermann’s Fruit Bat.	Litter size of the Eastern Woermann'’s Fruit Bat is one, rarely two (even two embryos of different size were found). In Uganda , reproductive chronology is either bimodal or aseasonally polyestrous because births occurred in January and September. In Republic of the Congo , two pregnant females were recorded in March, giving birth in April and probably also around December. Young were reported in January in Gabon and January-March in Cameroon .	Due to its small size and diet, the Eastern Woermann'’s Fruit Bat enters torporto save energy if ambient temperature drops to 23°C.	In Bélinga ( Gabon ), capture of only male Eastern Woermann’s Fruit Bats suggests that an all-male group was foraging in the same area. On Bioko Island, captures suggested that young follow their mothers when they search for food.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Eastern Woermann'’s Fruit Bat has a wide distribution and presumably large population, and it probably is not declining fast enough to warrant upgrading its conservation category. Habitat loss and degradation might be local threats.	Bakwo et al. (2016) | Bergmans (1979a) | Brosset (1966a) | Eisentraut (1964, 1974) | Happold, D.C.D. (2013) | Monadjem, Taylor et al. (2010) | Nesi et al. (2013) | Van Cakenberghe et al. (2000) | Weber et al. (2009)		51. Eastern Woermann’s Fruit Bat Megaloglossus woermanni French: Mégaloglosse de Woermann / German: Ostlicher Afrika-Langzungenflughund / Spanish: Megaloglosus de \WWoermann Other common names: \Woermann’s Bat , Woermann'’s Fruit Bat , Woermann's Long-tongued Fruit Bat Taxonomy. Megaloglossus woermanni Pagenstecher, 1885 , Ssibange farm, Gabon . Until recently, M. woermanni was the only species of Megaloglossus , but based on molecular data, West African populations were assigned to M. azagnyi . Monotypic. Distribution. From S Benin and Nigeria E to DR Congo and Uganda and S to N Angola , including Bioko I. Additional research is needed to reidentify specimens from Benin and Nigeria because it is not clear if Dahomey Gap or Cameroon Mts forms a boundary between both Woermann’s fruit bat species. Descriptive notes. Head-body 60-79 mm (tailless), ear 9-20 mm , hindfoot 12-13 mm , forearm 38-49 mm ; weight 10-25 g . The Eastern Woermann’s Fruit Bat has long pointed muzzle. Head is small and narrow; eyes are large and brown; ears are rounded at tips, without any basal ear patches; and tongueis long ( 20 mm ) and narrow ( 5 mm ), covered by numerous rows of backward-pointing hair-like papillae for lapping nectar. Adult males lack epaulettes; dorsum is generally uniform dark brown; hairs are pale brown at bases and dark brown at tips; pelage is soft and moderately dense; and hairs are mid-dorsally 6-8 mm . Venter is slightly paler than dorsum; adult males have collar of long white, yellow, or orangestiff (sometimes sticky), clustered hairs on throat, neck, and upper part of chest. Wings have claw on second digits; membranes are dark brown, attaching to second or third toes or between them; third finger is longer than fifth; toes rarely are weakly webbed; uropatagium is V-shaped; and calcaris short. Skull has strong basicranial deflection, rostrum is long, braincase is very rounded, sagittal crest is absent, and zygomatic arches are poorly developed. Mandible is thin and arched, symphysis is procumbent, and processes of ramus are very weak. There are seven thick palatal ridges, and ridges 5 and 6 are divided by median groove. Supernumerary molars are sometimes present posteriorly in either or both upper and lower jaws, resulting in 36 or 38 teeth, primarily in females. Teeth are rather weak except for canines that are large and recurved; cheekteeth are low (sometimes barely breaking through gum) and narrow, without prominent cusps. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 34 and FNa = 62, with eleven pairs of metacentric, four pairs of subtelocentric, and one pair of acrocentric autosomes. X-chromosome is mediumsized metacentric, and Y-chromosome is small metacentric or submetacentric. Habitat. Central African Rainforest biotic zone in primary and secondary lowland forests, clearings, agricultural land (mainly banana plantations), and sometimes Afromontane-Afroalpine biotic zone and Rainforest Savanna mosaics from sea level up to elevations of 1950 m . Food and Feeding. The Eastern Woermann'’s Fruit Bat is nectarivorous, but pollen is also eaten. It lands on or near flowers to feed, and tongue moves in and out of the flower corolla c.7 times/second, scooping up nectar. Flowersvisited for nectar or pollen include Kigelia africana ( Bignoniaceae ) and Musa sp. ( Musaceae ); records of several other plant species are confined for the Western Woermann’s Fruit Bat (M. azagnyi ) but it is expected that those plants are also part of the diet of the Eastern Woermann’s Fruit Bat. Breeding. Litter size of the Eastern Woermann'’s Fruit Bat is one, rarely two (even two embryos of different size were found). In Uganda , reproductive chronology is either bimodal or aseasonally polyestrous because births occurred in January and September. In Republic of the Congo , two pregnant females were recorded in March, giving birth in April and probably also around December. Young were reported in January in Gabon and January-March in Cameroon . Activity patterns. Due to its small size and diet, the Eastern Woermann'’s Fruit Bat enters torporto save energy if ambient temperature drops to 23°C. Movements, Home range and Social organization. In Bélinga ( Gabon ), capture of only male Eastern Woermann’s Fruit Bats suggests that an all-male group was foraging in the same area. On Bioko Island, captures suggested that young follow their mothers when they search for food. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Eastern Woermann'’s Fruit Bat has a wide distribution and presumably large population, and it probably is not declining fast enough to warrant upgrading its conservation category. Habitat loss and degradation might be local threats. Bibliography. Bakwo et al. (2016), Bergmans (1979a), Brosset (1966a), Eisentraut (1964, 1974), Happold, D.C.D. (2013), Monadjem, Taylor et al. (2010), Nesi et al. (2013), Van Cakenberghe et al. (2000), Weber et al. (2009).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Megaloglossus woermanni	Megaloglossus		woermanni	Pagenstecher	1885	0	Zool. Anz.	0.5035	Woermann's Long-tongued Fruit Bat	 prigoginei Hayman, 1966.	Gabon, Sibange farm.	Cameroon through Equitorial Guinea, CAR, Gabon, Republic of Congo, and Angola to DRC and Uganda	Not listed.	Least Concern	Reviewed by Bergmans and van Bree (1972) and Bergmans (1997).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Megaloglossus woermanni	23	Eastern Woermann's Fruit Bat	Woermann's Bat|Woermann's Fruit Bat|Woermann's Long-tongued Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	ROUSETTINAE	MYONYCTERINI	Megaloglossus	NA	woermanni	Pagenstecher	1885	0	Megaloglossus_Woermanni	Pagenstecher, A. (1885). Megaloglossus Woermanni eine neue Form makroglosser Fledermäuse. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 8, 245.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37548#page/259/mode/1up	ZMB 54589		Ssibange farm, Gabon.			woermanni Pagenstecher, 1885|prigoginei Hayman, 1966	NA	NA	Benin|Nigeria|Cameroon|Central African Republic|Equatorial Guinea|Gabon|Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Uganda|Angola	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Megaloglossus_woermanni	0	sciname match	Megaloglossus_woermanni	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	80000000	Megaloglossus woermanni	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Megaloglossus	woermanni	Pagenstecher, 1885	Based on a recent taxonomic split, the Central African populations of Megaloglossus woermanni are now recognized as a distinct species and distinguished from the newly established West African species M. azagnyi (Nesi et al. 2013). The study used molecular and morphological data which revealed high genetic differences that clearly support the species split, even though the two species show high morphological similarity, with M. woermanni being slightly larger. The limits of the distribution of M. woermanni are currently not known, and it is not clear if it occurs in sympatry with M. azagnyi . Molecular data of individuals from Benin and Nigeria is required to allocate exact species boundaries.	200000000	Megaloglossus woermanni	Least Concern		2020	2014-02-14 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.	This species is typically associated with lowland tropical moist forest, although it has also been recorded from swamp forest and mosaic forest-grassland habitats (Bergmans 1997). It appears to be confined to forest with a closed canopy, but within this habitat it has been recorded suspended from plantain leaves, shrubs and inside human habitations (Rosevear 1965, Weber et al.  2009). It commonly forages within banana plantations and other cultivated areas adjacent to forests (Grubb et al.  1998, Weber et al.  2009). Little is known about roosting behavior, however, it does not seem to roost in groups. This obligate nectivorous bat species feeds on nectar as well as pollen of several plants (Petterssen 2005, Weber et al.  2009).	It is likely locally threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation, often resulting from conversion of land to agricultural use, or (large-scale) harvesting of timber and firewood.	It is a locally abundant species.	Stable	This species ranges throughout much of Central Africa.  It is distributed from Cameroon in the West and from here south and east into Equatorial Guinea, Central African Republic, Gabon, Republic of Congo, Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda. The range boundary of this species, particularly west of Cameroon, is currently unclear, and it might extend as far as the Dahomey gap in Nigeria and Benin (Nesi et al.  2013). There may be geographic overlap with M. azagnyi in these two countries, but it is yet unresolved if the two Megaloglossus species occur sympatrically. Records from Nigeria (Happold 1987) and Benin (Djossa et al.  2008, Weber et al.  2009) are thus not assignable to M. woermanni or M. azagnyi based on the data available.		Terrestrial	There appear to be no direct conservation measures in place, but the species occurs in a number of protected areas. Understanding ecology and distribution of this species should be subject to future research.	Afrotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Megaloglossus		woermanni	Pagenstecher	1885	0	Zool. Anz.	0.503472	Woermann's Long-tongued Fruit Bat	 prigoginei Hayman, 1966.	Gabon, Sibange farm.	Cameroon through Equitorial Guinea, CAR, Gabon, Republic of Congo, and Angola to DRC and Uganda	Not listed.	Least Concern	Reviewed by Bergmans and van Bree (1972) and Bergmans (1997).	Megaloglossus woermanni	1004533	23	Eastern Woermann's Fruit Bat	Woermann's Bat|Woermann's Fruit Bat|Woermann's Long-tongued Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	ROUSETTINAE	MYONYCTERINI	Megaloglossus	NA	woermanni	Pagenstecher	1885	0	Megaloglossus_Woermanni	Pagenstecher, A. (1885). Megaloglossus Woermanni eine neue Form makroglosser Fledermäuse. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 8, 245.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37548#page/259/mode/1up	ZMB 54589		Ssibange farm, Gabon.			woermanni Pagenstecher, 1885|prigoginei Hayman, 1966	NA	NA				Benin|Nigeria|Cameroon|Central African Republic|Equatorial Guinea|Gabon|Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Uganda|Angola	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Megaloglossus_woermanni	0	sciname match	Megaloglossus_woermanni	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Megaloglossus_woermanni	1004533	23	Eastern Woermann's Fruit Bat	Woermann's Bat|Woermann's Fruit Bat|Woermann's Long-tongued Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Epomophorinae	Myonycterini	Megaloglossus	NA	woermanni	Pagenstecher	0	Megaloglossus Woermanni	Pagenstecher, A. 1885-04-27. Megaloglossus Woermanni nov. gen. et spec. Zoologischer Anzeiger 8(193):245.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9725928	ZMB 54589	holotype		Ssibange farm, Gabon.			NA	NA				Benin|Nigeria|Cameroon|Central African Republic|Equatorial Guinea|Gabon|Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Uganda|Angola	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Megaloglossus_woermanni	0	sciname match	Megaloglossus_woermanni	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Megaloglossus		woermanni	Pagenstecher	1885	0	Zool. Anz.	0.503472	Woermann's Long-tongued Fruit Bat	prigoginei Hayman, 1966.	Gabon, Sibange farm.	Cameroon through Equitorial Guinea, CAR, Gabon, Republic of Congo, and Angola to DRC and Uganda	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/84462869/166504706/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Reviewed by Bergmans and van Bree (1972) and Bergmans (1997).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Megaloglossus woermanni; Megaloglossus woermanni; Megaloglossus woermanni; Megaloglossus woermanni; Megaloglossus woermanni; Megaloglossus woermanni; prigoginei; prigoginei; woermanni; prigoginei; Mégaloglosse de Woermann; Ostlicher Afrika-Langzungenflughund; Megaloglosus de \WWoermann; \Woermann’s Bat; Woermann'’s Fruit Bat; Woermann's Long-tongued Fruit Bat; Eastern Woermann's Fruit Bat; Woermann's Bat; Woermann's Fruit Bat; Woermann's Long-tongued Fruit Bat; Woermann's Long-tongued Fruit Bat; Woermann's Long-tongued Fruit Bat; M. woermanni