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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L609	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Megaloglossus azagnyi	Megaloglossus azagnyi	Megaloglossus azagnyi	Megaloglossus azagnyi	Megaloglossus azagnyi	Megaloglossus azagnyi	Megaloglossus azagnyi	Megaloglossus azagnyi	Megaloglossus azagnyi		[HMW] Megaloglossus azagnyi Nesi, Kadjo & Hassanin in Nesi et al, 2012, “ Cote d’Ivoire [= Ivory Coast ], Lagunes region , Azagny National Park, 06°13’007"N [sic], 0 5°01'532"W [sic], elevation 125 m .” Megaloglossus azagny : and M. woermanni differ by 4.9-5-7% in their cytochrome-b mtDNA sequences and 0-3-0-4% in their nDNA sequences, leading to an estimated divergence time of c.1-6 million years ago. Monotypic.; [MDD2022] recently described; [IUCN] This is a recently described species which has come about as a result of splitting West African populations of Megaloglossus from the eastern M. woermanni (Nesi et al. 2013). This split is based on a detailed molecular and morphological study which showed that M. azagnyi differs by 4.9-5.7% in its Cytochrome_b sequence from M. woermanni from Central Africa. Morphologically, the two species are extremely similar, with M. azagnyi only slightly smaller, but overlapping, in its cranial dimensions (Nesi et al. 2013). The two Megaloglossus species are thought to be allopatric, but the exact limits of their distributions are not currently known.; [MDD2023] recently described; [MDD2025_2.0] recently described; [MDD2025_2.2] recently described														azagnyi	This is a recently described species which has come about as a result of splitting West African populations of Megaloglossus from the eastern M. woermanni (Nesi et al. 2013). This split is based on a detailed molecular and morphological study which showed that M. azagnyi differs by 4.9-5.7% in its Cytochrome_b sequence from M. woermanni from Central Africa. Morphologically, the two species are extremely similar, with M. azagnyi only slightly smaller, but overlapping, in its cranial dimensions (Nesi et al. 2013). The two Megaloglossus species are thought to be allopatric, but the exact limits of their distributions are not currently known.			azagnyi	azagnyi			azagnyi Nesi, Kadjo, & Hassanin in Nesi, Kadjo, Pourrut, Leroy, Pongombo Shongo, Cruaud, & Hassanin, 2013						N/A																																								NA																											03AD87FAFFE5F60B896135EFFAACF41C	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	91	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFE5F60B896135EFFAACF41C.xml	Megaloglossus azagnyi	Pteropodidae	Megaloglossus	azagnyi	Nesi, Kadjo & Hassanin	2013	Mégaloglosse d Azagny @fr | Westlicher Afrika-Langzungenflughund @de | Megaloglosus de Azagny @es | Azagnyi Fruit Bat @en	Megaloglossus azagnyi Nesi, Kadjo & Hassanin in Nesi et al, 2012, “ Cote d’Ivoire [= Ivory Coast ], Lagunes region , Azagny National Park, 06°13’007"N [sic], 0 5°01'532"W [sic], elevation 125 m .” Megaloglossus azagny : and M. woermanni differ by 4.9-5-7% in their cytochrome-b mtDNA sequences and 0-3-0-4% in their nDNA sequences, leading to an estimated divergence time of c.1-6 million years ago. Monotypic.	W Africa from Guinea to Togo , E border ofits distribution area formed by Dahomey Gap or Cameroon Mts. Specimens from Benin and Nigeria still need to be reinvestigated to confirm their identity.	Head-body 64-82 mm (tailless), ear 13-15 mm , forearm 38-42 mm ; weight 9-14 g . The Western Woermann’s Fruit Bat has long pointed muzzle; large brown eyes; pointed ears at tips without any basal ear patches; and long ( 20-40 mm ), narrow ( 5 mm ), brush-tipped tongue adapted for lapping nectar. General external dimensions are similar to those of the Eastern Woermann'’s Fruit Bat ( M. woermanni ), but cranial dimensions are smaller. Adult males lack epaulettes; dorsum is generally uniformly dark brown; hairs are pale brown at bases and dark brown toward tips; and pelage is soft, moderately dense, and mid-dorsally 6-8 mm . Venterisslightly paler than dorsum. Adult males have collar of long, white, cream-colored hair running from sides of neck across throat; hairs are very thin at bases and thicker throughout their full lengths and grow in small clusters. Wings have claw on second digits; membranes are dark brown, attaching to second or third toe or between them; third finger is longer than fifth; and toes are rarely weakly webbed. Skull is delicate, with strong basicranial deflection, long and thin rostrum, and very rounded braincase. Mandible is weak, with salient symphysis. Dental formula for all species of Megaloglossusis 12/2, C1/1,P 3/3, M 2/3 (x2) = 34. Teeth are generally very weak except for long canines; C, is slanted outward; and cheekteeth are low and narrow, with only cusp on labial ridge.	Old growth or secondary lowland tropical moist forests, swamp forests, and forest-grassland mosaic from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 760 m .	The Western Woermann’s Fruit Bat is nectarivorous, but pollen is also eaten. It lands on or near flowers to feed, and tongue moves in and out of flower corolla ¢.7 times/second, scooping up nectar. It will also hover in front of flowers for fractions of a second to drink nectar. Flowers visited for food (nectar and pollen) include Spathodea campanulata ( Bignoniaceae ), Maranthes sp. ( Chrysobalanaceae ), Hymenocardia sp. ( Phyllanthaceae ), Parkia bicolor ( Fabaceae ), and Musa sp. ( Musaceae ).	Female Western Woermann’s Fruit Bats collected in Ivory Coast were possibly lactating in May and July.	In Tai National Park ( Ivory Coast ), the Western Woermann’s Fruit Bat was mainly captured in understory and reported flying between feeding bouts within 2 m aboveground. Roosting intervals varied from less than one minute to more than 30 minutes. When ambient temperature drops to less than 28°C, individuals enter torpor.	The Western Woermann’s Fruit Bat roosts in foliage during the day and can be found hanging freely from banana and plantain leaves and among foliage of bushes and sometimes in houses. On Mount Nimba ( Liberia ), only males were captured, suggesting that they were roosting communally close by or that an all-male group was foraging in the area forat least several nights in a row. In [Lama Forest Reserve ( Benin ), mean home ranges were 139 ha for females and 99-8 ha for males; foraging areas were also larger for females (39 ha) than males (12-3 ha).	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Western Woermann’s Fruit Bat has a wide distribution and presumably large population, suggesting it is not declining fast enough to warrant a threatened category. Habitat loss and degradation might be local threats.	Bergmans (1997) | Bergmans et al. (1974) | Happold, D.C.D. (2013) | Monadjem (2016b) | Monadjem, Richards & Denys (2016) | Nesi et al. (2013) | Rosevear (1965) | Weber et al. (2009) | Wolton et al. (1982)		50. Western Woermann’s Fruit Bat Megaloglossus azagnyi French: Mégaloglosse dAzagny / German: Westlicher Afrika-Langzungenflughund / Spanish: Megaloglosus de Azagny Other common names: Azagnyi Fruit Bat Taxonomy. Megaloglossus azagnyi Nesi, Kadjo & Hassanin in Nesi et al, 2012, “ Cote d’Ivoire [= Ivory Coast ], Lagunes region , Azagny National Park, 06°13’007"N [sic], 0 5°01'532"W [sic], elevation 125 m .” Megaloglossus azagny : and M. woermanni differ by 4.9-5-7% in their cytochrome-b mtDNA sequences and 0-3-0-4% in their nDNA sequences, leading to an estimated divergence time of c.1-6 million years ago. Monotypic. Distribution. W Africa from Guinea to Togo , E border ofits distribution area formed by Dahomey Gap or Cameroon Mts. Specimens from Benin and Nigeria still need to be reinvestigated to confirm their identity. Descriptive notes. Head-body 64-82 mm (tailless), ear 13-15 mm , forearm 38-42 mm ; weight 9-14 g . The Western Woermann’s Fruit Bat has long pointed muzzle; large brown eyes; pointed ears at tips without any basal ear patches; and long ( 20-40 mm ), narrow ( 5 mm ), brush-tipped tongue adapted for lapping nectar. General external dimensions are similar to those of the Eastern Woermann'’s Fruit Bat ( M. woermanni ), but cranial dimensions are smaller. Adult males lack epaulettes; dorsum is generally uniformly dark brown; hairs are pale brown at bases and dark brown toward tips; and pelage is soft, moderately dense, and mid-dorsally 6-8 mm . Venterisslightly paler than dorsum. Adult males have collar of long, white, cream-colored hair running from sides of neck across throat; hairs are very thin at bases and thicker throughout their full lengths and grow in small clusters. Wings have claw on second digits; membranes are dark brown, attaching to second or third toe or between them; third finger is longer than fifth; and toes are rarely weakly webbed. Skull is delicate, with strong basicranial deflection, long and thin rostrum, and very rounded braincase. Mandible is weak, with salient symphysis. Dental formula for all species of Megaloglossusis 12/2, C1/1,P 3/3, M 2/3 (x2) = 34. Teeth are generally very weak except for long canines; C, is slanted outward; and cheekteeth are low and narrow, with only cusp on labial ridge. Habitat. Old growth or secondary lowland tropical moist forests, swamp forests, and forest-grassland mosaic from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 760 m . Food and Feeding. The Western Woermann’s Fruit Bat is nectarivorous, but pollen is also eaten. It lands on or near flowers to feed, and tongue moves in and out of flower corolla ¢.7 times/second, scooping up nectar. It will also hover in front of flowers for fractions of a second to drink nectar. Flowers visited for food (nectar and pollen) include Spathodea campanulata ( Bignoniaceae ), Maranthes sp. ( Chrysobalanaceae ), Hymenocardia sp. ( Phyllanthaceae ), Parkia bicolor ( Fabaceae ), and Musa sp. ( Musaceae ). Breeding. Female Western Woermann’s Fruit Bats collected in Ivory Coast were possibly lactating in May and July. Activity patterns. In Tai National Park ( Ivory Coast ), the Western Woermann’s Fruit Bat was mainly captured in understory and reported flying between feeding bouts within 2 m aboveground. Roosting intervals varied from less than one minute to more than 30 minutes. When ambient temperature drops to less than 28°C, individuals enter torpor. Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Western Woermann’s Fruit Bat roosts in foliage during the day and can be found hanging freely from banana and plantain leaves and among foliage of bushes and sometimes in houses. On Mount Nimba ( Liberia ), only males were captured, suggesting that they were roosting communally close by or that an all-male group was foraging in the area forat least several nights in a row. In [Lama Forest Reserve ( Benin ), mean home ranges were 139 ha for females and 99-8 ha for males; foraging areas were also larger for females (39 ha) than males (12-3 ha). Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Western Woermann’s Fruit Bat has a wide distribution and presumably large population, suggesting it is not declining fast enough to warrant a threatened category. Habitat loss and degradation might be local threats. Bibliography. Bergmans (1997), Bergmans et al. (1974), Happold, D.C.D. (2013), Monadjem (2016b), Monadjem, Richards & Denys (2016), Nesi et al. (2013), Rosevear (1965), Weber et al. (2009), Wolton et al. (1982).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Megaloglossus azagnyi	Megaloglossus		azagnyi	Nesi, Kadjo & Hassanin	2012	0	Molecular phylogenetics	66(2013): 134	Western Woermann's Fruit Bat	None.	Cote d'Ivoire, Lagunes region, Azagny National Park	Cote d'Ivoire and Liberia; with a probably much more extensive range from Guinea and Sierra Leone through Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana and Togo.	Not listed.	Least Concern		Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Megaloglossus azagnyi	23	Western Woermann's Fruit Bat	Azagny Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	ROUSETTINAE	MYONYCTERINI	Megaloglossus	NA	azagnyi	Nesi, Kadjo, & Hassanin in Nesi, Kadjo, Pourrut, Leroy, Shongo, Cruaud, & Hassanin	2012	0	Megaloglossus_azagnyi	Nesi, N., Kadjo, B., Pourrut, X., Leroy, E., Shongo, C. P., Cruaud, C., & Hassanin, A. (2013). Molecular systematics and phylogeography of the tribe Myonycterini (Mammalia, Pteropodidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Molecular phylogenetics and Evolution, 66(1), 134.	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1055790312003855	MNHN 2011-993		"Côte d'Ivoire [= Ivory Coast], Lagunes region, Azagny National Park, 06°13'007'N [sic], 05°01'532'W [sic], elevation 125 m." 06°13.007'N, 05°01.532'W	6.2168	-5.026	azagnyi Nesi, Kadjo, & Hassanin in Nesi, Kadjo, Pourrut, Leroy, Shongo, Cruaud, & Hassanin, 2012	recently described	Nesi, N., Kadjo, B., Pourrut, X., Leroy, E., Shongo, C. P., Cruaud, C., & Hassanin, A. (2013). Molecular systematics and phylogeography of the tribe Myonycterini (Mammalia, Pteropodidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Molecular phylogenetics and Evolution, 66(1), 126-137.	Guinea|Sierra Leone|Liberia|Côte d'Ivoire|Ghana|Togo	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Megaloglossus_azagnyi	0	unmatched	NA	1	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	80000000	Megaloglossus azagnyi	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Megaloglossus	azagnyi	Nesi, Kadjo &; Hassanin, 2012	This is a recently described species which has come about as a result of splitting West African populations of Megaloglossus from the eastern M. woermanni (Nesi et al. 2013). This split is based on a detailed molecular and morphological study which showed that M. azagnyi differs by 4.9-5.7% in its Cytochrome_b sequence from M. woermanni from Central Africa. Morphologically, the two species are extremely similar, with M. azagnyi only slightly smaller, but overlapping, in its cranial dimensions (Nesi et al. 2013). The two Megaloglossus species are thought to be allopatric, but the exact limits of their distributions are not currently known.	80000000	Megaloglossus azagnyi	Least Concern		2016	2014-12-28 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.	This species is typically associated with lowland tropical moist forest, although it has also been recorded from swamp forest and mosaic forest-grassland habitats (Bergmans 1997). It appears to be confined to forest with a closed canopy, but within this habitat it has been recorded suspended from plantain leaves, shrubs and inside human habitations (Rosevear 1965, Weber et al. 2009). In Cameroon and Benin, it is common within banana plantations (Grubb et al. 1998, Weber et al. 2009). Little is known about roosting behavior, however, it does not seem to roost in groups. This obligate nectivorous bat species in Africa feeds on nectar as well as pollen of several plants (Petterssen 2005, Weber et al. 2009).	It may be locally threatened by habitat loss and degradation, often resulting from conversion of land to agricultural use or the harvesting of timber and firewood.	The species is locally abundant.	Unknown	This species ranges throughout much of West Africa.  It is distributed from Sierra Leone and Guinea in the west, through to Ghana and western Togo in the east, although the eastern limit is not currently known and the species may extend further into western Nigeria (Nesi et al.  2013). It is probably safe to speculate that the distribution of M. azagnyi does not overlap that of M. woermanni but the exact location of the change-over is under dispute and could be anywhere between the Dahomey Gap (eastern Togo–western Nigeria) and the Cameroon Volcanic Line (eastern Nigeria-western Cameroon). The records from Benin (Djossa et al.  2008, Weber et al.  2009) and Nigeria (Happold 1987) may refer to either of the two species, or both (if the two species are shown to occur sympatrically).		Terrestrial	This species has been recorded within a number of protected areas and also survives outside of such areas.	Afrotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Megaloglossus		azagnyi	Nesi, Kadjo & Hassanin	2012	0	Molecular phylogenetics	66(2013): 134	Western Woermann's Fruit Bat	None.	Cote d'Ivoire, Lagunes region, Azagny National Park	Cote d'Ivoire and Liberia; with a probably much more extensive range from Guinea and Sierra Leone through Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana and Togo.	Not listed.	Least Concern		Megaloglossus azagnyi	1004532	23	Western Woermann's Fruit Bat	Azagny Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	ROUSETTINAE	MYONYCTERINI	Megaloglossus	NA	azagnyi	Nesi, Kadjo, & Hassanin in Nesi, Kadjo, Pourrut, Leroy, Shongo, Cruaud, & Hassanin	2012	0	Megaloglossus_azagnyi	Nesi, N., Kadjo, B., Pourrut, X., Leroy, E., Shongo, C. P., Cruaud, C., & Hassanin, A. (2013). Molecular systematics and phylogeography of the tribe Myonycterini (Mammalia, Pteropodidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Molecular phylogenetics and Evolution, 66(1), 134.	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1055790312003855	MNHN 2011-993		"Côte d'Ivoire [= Ivory Coast], Lagunes region, Azagny National Park, 06°13'007'N [sic], 05°01'532'W [sic], elevation 125 m." 06°13.007'N, 05°01.532'W	6.216783	-5.02553	azagnyi Nesi, Kadjo, & Hassanin in Nesi, Kadjo, Pourrut, Leroy, Shongo, Cruaud, & Hassanin, 2012	recently described	Nesi, N., Kadjo, B., Pourrut, X., Leroy, E., Shongo, C. P., Cruaud, C., & Hassanin, A. (2013). Molecular systematics and phylogeography of the tribe Myonycterini (Mammalia, Pteropodidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Molecular phylogenetics and Evolution, 66(1), 126-137.				Guinea|Sierra Leone|Liberia|Côte d'Ivoire|Ghana|Togo	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Megaloglossus_azagnyi	0	unmatched	NA	1	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Megaloglossus_azagnyi	1004532	23	Western Woermann's Fruit Bat	Azagny Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Epomophorinae	Myonycterini	Megaloglossus	NA	azagnyi	Nesi, Kadjo, & Hassanin in Nesi, Kadjo, Pourrut, Leroy, Pongombo Shongo, Cruaud, & Hassanin	0	Megaloglossus azagnyi	Nesi, N., Kadjo, B., Pourrut, X., Leroy, É., Pongombo Shongo, C., Cruaud, C. and Hassanin, A. 2013-01. Molecular systematics and phylogeography of the tribe Myonycterini (Mammalia, Pteropodidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66(1):126-137.	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.09.028	MNHN-ZM-2011-993	holotype	http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/zm/2011-993	"Côte d'Ivoire [= Ivory Coast], Lagunes region, Azagny National Park, 06°13'007'N [sic], 05°01'532'W [sic], elevation 125 m." 06°13.007'N, 05°01.532'W	6.216783	-5.02553	recently described	Nesi, N., Kadjo, B., Pourrut, X., Leroy, E., Shongo, C. P., Cruaud, C., & Hassanin, A. (2013). Molecular systematics and phylogeography of the tribe Myonycterini (Mammalia, Pteropodidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Molecular phylogenetics and Evolution, 66(1), 126-137.				Guinea|Sierra Leone|Liberia|Cote d'Ivoire|Ghana|Togo	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Megaloglossus_azagnyi	0	unmatched	NA	1	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Megaloglossus		azagnyi	Nesi, Kadjo & Hassanin	2012	0	Molecular phylogenetics	66(2013): 134	Western Woermann's Fruit Bat	None.	Cote d'Ivoire, Lagunes region, Azagny National Park	Cote d'Ivoire and Liberia; with a probably much more extensive range from Guinea and Sierra Leone through Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana and Togo.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/84459322/84462595/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>			Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Megaloglossus azagnyi; Megaloglossus azagnyi; Megaloglossus azagnyi; Megaloglossus azagnyi; Megaloglossus azagnyi; azagnyi; Mégaloglosse d Azagny; Westlicher Afrika-Langzungenflughund; Megaloglosus de Azagny; Azagnyi Fruit Bat; Western Woermann's Fruit Bat; Azagny Fruit Bat; Western Woermann's Fruit Bat; M. azagnyi