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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L607	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Megaerops kusnotoi	Megaerops kusnotoi	Megaerops kusnotoi	Megaerops kusnotoi	Megaerops kusnotoi	Megaerops kusnotoi	Megaerops kusnotoi	Megaerops kusnotoi	Megaerops kusnotoi	Megaerops kusnotoi	Megaerops kusnotoi	Megaerops kusnotoi	Megaerops kusnotoi	Megaerops kusnotoi	Megaerops kusnotoi		[MSW3] Reviewed by Maharandatunkamsi and Maryanto (2002).; [HMW] Megaerops kusnoto: Hill & Boeadi, 1978 , “Hanjuang Ciletuh, Lengkong, south Sukabumi, west Java [ Indonesia ], 700 m .” This species is monotypic.; [batnames2022] Reviewed by Maharandatunkamsi and Maryanto (2002).; [batnames2023] Reviewed by Maharandatunkamsi and Maryanto (2002).; [batnames2025_1.7] Reviewed by Maharandatunkamsi and Maryanto (2002).														kusnotoi				kusnotoi 	kusnotoi 			kusnotoi J. Edwards Hill & Boeadi, 1979		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		Java; ref. 4.38	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Megaerops kusnotoi	Indonesia, Java, Sukabumi, Lengkong, Hanjuang Ciletuh, 700 m.	Hill and Boedi	1978	Mammalia, 42:427.	Distribution: Confined to Java.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5		Java; K	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Hill and Boedi	1978	Mammalia, 42:427.		Java.	Indonesia, Java, Sukabumi, Lengkong, Hanjuang Ciletuh, 700 m.		HILL & BOEADI	1979	Tail absent. Cranial rostrum as deep at canine as at middle premolar, short and very broad. Size fairly large (forearm length, 49-5 4 mm). Vomer does not ex tend posteriorly beyond palate.	Distribution: Confined to Java.	No subspecies.		34	species	M. kusnotoi	HILL & BOEADI	1979	Megaerops	genus	Megaerops kusnotoi				Tail absent. Cranial rostrum as deep at canine as at middle premolar, short and very broad. Size fairly large (forearm length, 49-5 4 mm). Vomer does not ex tend posteriorly beyond palate.	No subspecies.		4 . M. kusnotoi HILL & BOEADI 1979 .	4	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Megaerops kusnotoi	Megaerops		kusnotoi	Hill and Boeadi		1978		Mammalia	42		427		Javan Tailless Fruit Bat	Indonesia, W Java, S Sukabumi, Lengkong, Hanjuang Ciletuh, 700 m.	Java, Bali, Lombok.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – Rare. IUCN 2003 – Vulnerable.		Reviewed by Maharandatunkamsi and Maryanto (2002).	03AD87FAFFC1F62F8C9E3515F7A5F6F8	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	63	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFC1F62F8C9E3515F7A5F6F8.xml	Megaerops kusnotoi	Pteropodidae	Megaerops	kusnotoi	Hill & Boeadi	1979	Cynoptere de Kusnoto @fr | Java-Altwelt-Fruchtfledermaus @de | Megaerop de Kusnoto @es	Megaerops kusnoto: Hill & Boeadi, 1978 , “Hanjuang Ciletuh, Lengkong, south Sukabumi, west Java [ Indonesia ], 700 m .” This species is monotypic.	W & E Java , Bali , and Lombok Is.	Head-body 58.2—75-5 mm (tailless), ear 11-1-15-2 mm, forearm 49-53-6 mm; weight 19-9 g. Muzzle of the Javan Tailless Fruit Batis broad, swollen, ridged, hairless, very short, moderately deep, and etremely wide. Nostrils are tubular, with their bases and rims grossly swollen; philtrum is pronounced. Flap runs over lower lip from philtrum to passing middle length of lip, where it connects with vertical crescent ridge running from lip to back of nostrils, forming posterior margin of swollen lateral surface of muzzle. Pits occur on skin behind nostrils. Large pads occur on lower lip. Eyes are moderately large and bulging; iris is warm brown. Ears are moderately long, oval, and pale brown, with darker rim and small triangular antitragus lobe. Pelage is thin and moderately short, light gray suffused with brown on cap and faint yellow on shoulder. Hair is longer on nape and shoulders. Dorsal hairs have gray bases and long light brown tips, extending pass rump. Uropatagium is well developed along tibia and narrow in center, and calcar is small. Throat and chest are sparsely haired. Ventral pelage is gray and shorter than on dorsum. Dense woolly hairs extend to base of forearm. Wing membranes are grayish brown, thumb is long, and index claw is present, inserted on side of soft body and attached to first toe. Skull lacks basicranial deflection; rostrum is very short and moderately deep; nasals and premaxillae project forward as a short tube, but not exceeding canine; orbitis large but not surpassing dorsal profile of skull; braincase is rounded; anterior root of zygomais slightly above alveolar line; and zygoma is thin and gently arched,slightly bowed in dorsal view. Paranasal recesses are barely inflated, not reaching postorbital foramen; postorbital process is thin and projects posterolaterally. Palate is flat; post-dental extension is long, ends straight, and has no spine; and mesopterygoid fossa is flat. Ectotympanic is wide, and entotympanic is present along medial side of ectotympanic. Upper dentition has small and simple incisors, C' is small and slightly decurved, P' is a spicule, and posterior cheekteeth decrease in height. Lower dentition has small I, crowded between canines (I, absent), C, is small and little decurved, P, is peg-like, next premolar P,) is tall and simple, posterior teeth decrease in size, and M, is almost peg-like. There are nine palatal ridges that are arched, undivided, and rather thick, plus two thin ridges near end of post-dental palate, divided medially.	Western Java montane rainforest, Eastern Java-Bali montane rainforest, and Lesser Sundas deciduous forests.	No information.	No information.	No information.	No information.	Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. The Javan Tailless Fruit Bat is uncommon, and population trend is decreasing, chiefly due to habitat loss from logging and mining activities. Population is divided among three islands, but these are adjacent.	Giannini & Simmons (2007a) | Hill & Boeadi (1978) | Hutson, Suyanto & Kingston (2008) | Jones, Bielby et al. (2009) | Maharadatunkamsi & Maryanto (2002)		2. Javan Tailless Fruit Bat Megaerops kusnotoi French: Cynoptere de Kusnoto / German: Java-Altwelt-Fruchtfledermaus / Spanish: Megaerop de Kusnoto Taxonomy. Megaerops kusnoto: Hill & Boeadi, 1978 , “Hanjuang Ciletuh, Lengkong, south Sukabumi, west Java [ Indonesia ], 700 m .” This species is monotypic. Distribution. W & E Java , Bali , and Lombok Is. Descriptive notes. Head-body 58.2—75-5 mm (tailless), ear 11-1-15-2 mm, forearm 49-53-6 mm; weight 19-9 g. Muzzle of the Javan Tailless Fruit Batis broad, swollen, ridged, hairless, very short, moderately deep, and etremely wide. Nostrils are tubular, with their bases and rims grossly swollen; philtrum is pronounced. Flap runs over lower lip from philtrum to passing middle length of lip, where it connects with vertical crescent ridge running from lip to back of nostrils, forming posterior margin of swollen lateral surface of muzzle. Pits occur on skin behind nostrils. Large pads occur on lower lip. Eyes are moderately large and bulging; iris is warm brown. Ears are moderately long, oval, and pale brown, with darker rim and small triangular antitragus lobe. Pelage is thin and moderately short, light gray suffused with brown on cap and faint yellow on shoulder. Hair is longer on nape and shoulders. Dorsal hairs have gray bases and long light brown tips, extending pass rump. Uropatagium is well developed along tibia and narrow in center, and calcar is small. Throat and chest are sparsely haired. Ventral pelage is gray and shorter than on dorsum. Dense woolly hairs extend to base of forearm. Wing membranes are grayish brown, thumb is long, and index claw is present, inserted on side of soft body and attached to first toe. Skull lacks basicranial deflection; rostrum is very short and moderately deep; nasals and premaxillae project forward as a short tube, but not exceeding canine; orbitis large but not surpassing dorsal profile of skull; braincase is rounded; anterior root of zygomais slightly above alveolar line; and zygoma is thin and gently arched,slightly bowed in dorsal view. Paranasal recesses are barely inflated, not reaching postorbital foramen; postorbital process is thin and projects posterolaterally. Palate is flat; post-dental extension is long, ends straight, and has no spine; and mesopterygoid fossa is flat. Ectotympanic is wide, and entotympanic is present along medial side of ectotympanic. Upper dentition has small and simple incisors, C' is small and slightly decurved, P' is a spicule, and posterior cheekteeth decrease in height. Lower dentition has small I, crowded between canines (I, absent), C, is small and little decurved, P, is peg-like, next premolar P,) is tall and simple, posterior teeth decrease in size, and M, is almost peg-like. There are nine palatal ridges that are arched, undivided, and rather thick, plus two thin ridges near end of post-dental palate, divided medially. Habitat. Western Java montane rainforest, Eastern Java-Bali montane rainforest, and Lesser Sundas deciduous forests. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. No information. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. The Javan Tailless Fruit Bat is uncommon, and population trend is decreasing, chiefly due to habitat loss from logging and mining activities. Population is divided among three islands, but these are adjacent. Bibliography. Giannini & Simmons (2007a), Hill & Boeadi (1978), Hutson, Suyanto & Kingston (2008), Jones, Bielby et al. (2009), Maharadatunkamsi & Maryanto (2002).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Megaerops kusnotoi	Megaerops		kusnotoi	Hill & Boeadi	1978	0	Mammalia	49:07:00	Javan Tailless Fruit Bat	None.	Indonesia, W Java, S Sukabumi, Lengkong, Hanjuang Ciletuh, 700 m.	Java, Bali, Lombok.	Not listed.	Vulnerable	Reviewed by Maharandatunkamsi and Maryanto (2002).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Megaerops kusnotoi	23	Javan Tailless Fruit Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	CYNOPTERINAE	CYNOPTERINI	Megaerops	NA	kusnotoi	J. Edwards Hill & Boeadi	1978	0						"Hanjuang Ciletuh, Lengkong, south Sukabumi, west Java [Indonesia], 700 m."			kusnotoi J. Edwards Hill & Boeadi, 1978	NA	NA	Indonesia	Asia	Indomalaya	VU	0	0	0	Megaerops_kusnotoi	0	sciname match	Megaerops_kusnotoi	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	12945	Megaerops kusnotoi	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Megaerops	kusnotoi	Hill &; Boeadi, 1978		20000000	Megaerops kusnotoi	Vulnerable	A2c	2021	2021-03-06 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Megaerops kusnotoi is assessed as Vulnerable under criterion A2c as this rare species is suspected to have declined by 30% in the last 15 years (generation length of 5 years; Pacifici et al. 2013) due to past loss of habitat as a result of logging and mining activities. The decline is projected to continue as the threats have not ceased.	Megaerops kusnotoi has been found in both lowland and montane tropical evergreen forest. It is assumed to be a foliage-roosting species that roosts singly or in small groups.	The species is threatened by continuing habitat loss due to logging and mining.	This species is rarely encountered throughout its range and its overall population is unknown. Its population is estimated to have declined by at least 30% over the last 15 years (three generations; generation length = 5 years; Pacifici et al. 2013) due to habitat loss attributed to logging and mining.	Decreasing	This species is endemic to Indonesia and is known from Java, Bali, and Lombok (Maharadatunkamsi and Maryanto 2002). The type locality is at 700 m, but the species is probably known from higher elevation (e.g. recorded from Gunung Kelatakan).	The species is not known to be hunted, used, or traded.	Terrestrial	There are no current species-specific conservation actions in place for the species. This species is known to occur in some protected areas throughout its range, including Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park in West Java and Baluran National Park in East Java It has also been documented from Suranadi Nature Recreation Park, Lombok Island (Gunnell et al. 1998). Research is needed to clarify the species extant distribution, population status and trends, its ecology, and threats.	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Megaerops		kusnotoi	Hill & Boeadi	1978	0	Mammalia	49:07:00	Javan Tailless Fruit Bat	None.	Indonesia, W Java, S Sukabumi, Lengkong, Hanjuang Ciletuh, 700 m.	Java, Bali, Lombok.	Not listed.	Vulnerable	Reviewed by Maharandatunkamsi and Maryanto (2002).	Megaerops kusnotoi	1004383	23	Javan Tailless Fruit Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	CYNOPTERINAE	CYNOPTERINI	Megaerops	NA	kusnotoi	J. Edwards Hill & Boeadi	1978	0						"Hanjuang Ciletuh, Lengkong, south Sukabumi, west Java [Indonesia], 700 m."			kusnotoi J. Edwards Hill & Boeadi, 1978	NA	NA				Indonesia	Asia	Indomalaya	VU	0	0	0	Megaerops_kusnotoi	0	sciname match	Megaerops_kusnotoi	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Megaerops_kusnotoi	1004383	23	Javan Tailless Fruit Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Cynopterinae	Cynopterini	Megaerops	NA	kusnotoi	J. Edwards Hill & Boeadi	0	Megaerops kusnotoi	Hill, J.E. and Boeadi. 1979-01-15. A new species of _Megaerops_ from Java (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae). Mammalia 42(4):427-434.	https://doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1978.42.4.427	BMNH:Mamm:1977.316	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/c91b2fad-e1d3-466b-9f46-08c5989e267e | https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/f0b10cfd-77fb-48a7-9d5d-844a8f25c0d1	"Hanjuang Ciletuh, Lengkong, south Sukabumi, west Java [Indonesia], 700 m."			NA	NA				Indonesia	Asia	Indomalaya	VU	0	0	0	Megaerops_kusnotoi	0	sciname match	Megaerops_kusnotoi	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Megaerops		kusnotoi	Hill & Boeadi	1978	0	Mammalia	49:07:00	Javan Tailless Fruit Bat	None.	Indonesia, W Java, S Sukabumi, Lengkong, Hanjuang Ciletuh, 700 m.	Java, Bali, Lombok.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/12945/22024115/' target='_blank'>Vulnerable</a>	Reviewed by Maharandatunkamsi and Maryanto (2002).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Megaerops kusnotoi; Megaerops kusnotoi; Megaerops kusnotoi; Megaerops kusnotoi; Megaerops kusnotoi; Megaerops kusnotoi; kusnotoi; Cynoptere de Kusnoto; Java-Altwelt-Fruchtfledermaus; Megaerop de Kusnoto; Javan Tailless Fruit Bat; Javan Tailless Fruit Bat; Javan Tailless Fruit Bat; M. kusnotoi