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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L606	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Megaerops ecaudatus	Megaerops ecaudatus	Megaerops ecaudatus	Megaerops ecaudatus	Megaerops ecaudatus	Megaerops ecaudatus	Megaerops ecaudatus	Megaerops ecaudatus	Megaerops ecaudatus	Megaerops ecaudatus	Megaerops ecaudatus	Megaerops ecaudatus	Megaerops ecaudatus	Megaerops ecaudatus	Megaerops ecaudatus		[MSW3] Some records of this species from India, Thailand, and Vietnam (Hill, 1983; Van Peenen et al., 1969) are referable to niphanae; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed by Maharandatunkamsi and Maryanto (2002).; [HMW] Pachysoma ecaudatum Temminck, 1837 , Padang, western Sumatra , Indonesia . This species is monotypic.; [batnames2022] Some records of this species from India, Thailand, and Vietnam (Hill, 1983; Van Peenen et al., 1969) are referable to niphanae ; seeCorbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed by Maharandatunkamsi and Maryanto (2002).; [IUCN] Corbet and Hill 1992, referred some records of this species from India, Thailand, and Viet Nam to niphanae (Hill 1983, Van Peenen et al . 1969). However, according to Srinivasulu et al . (in prep.) some records from northeastern India are referable to Megaerops ecaudatus .; [batnames2023] Some records of this species from India, Thailand, and Vietnam (Hill, 1983; Van Peenen et al., 1969) are referable to niphanae ; seeCorbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed by Maharandatunkamsi and Maryanto (2002).; [batnames2025_1.7] Some records of this species from India, Thailand, and Vietnam (Hill, 1983; Van Peenen et al., 1969) are referable to niphanae; seeCorbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed by Maharandatunkamsi and Maryanto (2002).														ecaudatus	Corbet and Hill 1992, referred some records of this species from India, Thailand, and Viet Nam to niphanae (Hill 1983, Van Peenen et al . 1969). However, according to Srinivasulu et al . (in prep.) some records from northeastern India are referable to Megaerops ecaudatus .			ecaudatus 	ecaudatus 			ecaudatus (Temminck, 1837)		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Tail-less fruit bat	Thailand – Sumatra, Borneo	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Megaerops ecaudatus	Indonesia, Sumatra, Padang.	Temminck	1837	Monogr. Mamm., 2:94.	Distribution: Ranging from Thailand and Vietnam through Malaya to Sumatra and Borneo. The specimen from northeastern India is referable to niphanae.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Tail-less fruit bat	Thailand – Sumatra, Borneo	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Temminck	1837	Monogr. Mamm., 2:94.		Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, Thailand, perhaps Vietnam.	Indonesia, Sumatra, Padang.		TEMMINCK	1837	Tail absent. Cranial rostrum as deep at canine as at middle premolar, relatively long and broad. Size relative ly large (forearm length, 51-56 mm). Vomer ex tending posteriorly beyond palate.	Distribution: Ranging from Thailand and Vietnam through Malaya to Sumatra and Borneo. The specimen from northeastern India is referable to niphanae.	No subspecies.		34	species	M. ecaudatus	TEMMINCK	1837	Megaerops	genus	Megaerops ecaudatus				Tail absent. Cranial rostrum as deep at canine as at middle premolar, relatively long and broad. Size relative ly large (forearm length, 51-56 mm). Vomer ex tending posteriorly beyond palate.	No subspecies.		3. M. ecaudatus (TEMMINCK 1837).	3	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Megaerops ecaudatus	Megaerops		ecaudatus	Temminck	y	1837		Monogr. Mamm.	2		94		Temminck’s Tailless Fruit Bat	Indonesia, W Sumatra, Padang.	Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, Thailand, perhaps Vietnam.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – Not Threatened. IUCN 2003 – Lower Risk (lc).		Some records of this species from India, Thailand, and Vietnam (Hill, 1983; Van Peenen et al., 1969) are referable to niphanae; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed by Maharandatunkamsi and Maryanto (2002).	03AD87FAFFC1F62F899B365CFF1AF358	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	63	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFC1F62F899B365CFF1AF358.xml	Megaerops ecaudatus	Pteropodidae	Megaerops	ecaudatus		1837	Cynoptére écaudé @fr | Temminck-Altwelt-Fruchtfledermaus @de | Megaerop de Temminck @es | Sunda Tailless Fruit Bat @en | Temminck'’s Fruit Bat @en	Pachysoma ecaudatum Temminck, 1837 , Padang, western Sumatra , Indonesia . This species is monotypic.	Malay Peninsula, N & W Sumatra, and Borneo; presence in NE India ( Arunachal Pradesh ) not confirmed.	Head—body 65-84 mm (tailless), ear 12:9-18 mm, hindfoot 8-9—11-2 mm; forearm 50-58 mm; weight 22-28 g. Rostrum of Temminck’s Tailless Fruit Bat is high and broad, with projecting nostrils, and large eyes. Males are slightly (¢.5%) smaller than females. Muzzle is short, deep wide, and thickened, with subtubular nostrils and pronounced philtrum. Eyes are large and bulging;iris is warm brown. Ears are long and oval, with translucent pale brown pinnae and darker rims,slightly attenuated at tps. Face is scarcely haired. Pelage is soft, uniformly pale brown with grayish hair bases on head and body, only slightly paler ventrally, and longer on throat, which can form indistinct ruff on males. Uropatagium is well developed, calcaris short, and tibia is short and slightly hairy dorsally. Index claw is present. Wing membranes are brown, from sides of body and inserted at first toe. Skull lacks basicranial deflection and characteristic deep rostrum; projecting nasals and premaxillae configure a narial opening forwardly produced as a short tube and heart-shaped in rostral view. Orbitis large, and rim is salient, elevated above level of nasals; anterior zygomatic root is above alveolar line; zygoma is arched; and braincase is rounded. Paranasal recesses are inflated, reaching postorbital foramen; postorbital process is long and projects posterolaterally. Palate is flat; post-dental palate is long, with median spine. Ectotympanic is wide anteriorly and internally edged by ribbon-like entotympanic. Mandibleis thin, with tall sloping coronoid; condyle is above level of lower alveolar line; and angle is produced ventrally. Dental formula for all species of Megaeropsis 12/1, C1/1,P 3/3, M 1/2 (x2) = 28. Upper dentition has small, elongated incisors; C! is small and decurved, with convex mesial surface; P' and other upper cheekteeth are small to medium in size, decreasing posteriorly. Lower dentition has minute I, (I, absent); C, is small, with bases converging medially; P, is peg-like; posterior cheekteeth are as tall as canine and then decrease in size posteriorly; and M, is peg-like. Seven interdental, undivided palatal ridges (only middle ones are slightly notched) are smooth and slightly swollen, eighth ridge is divided and thin, and last two ridges are spaced from the former ones, divided and thin. Diploid number is 2n = 26, with ten metasubmetacentric,five subtelocentric, and six acrocentric chromosomes. In Thailand , 2n = 24 as result of a Robertsonian translocation.	Tropical moist broadleaf forests, including Tenasserim-South Thailand semievergreen rainforests, and lowland and montane rainforests.	Frugivore. Temminck’s Tailless Fruit Bat is frugivorous and a transient species that uses “big bang” crops of large canopy trees, where individuals form large feeding aggregations, often with other pteropodids. Intermittent captures indicate that resources are tracked over time in a given region. Fruits from Elaeocarpus stipularis ( Elaeocarpaceae ), Ficus magnoliaefolia, I globosa ( Moraceae ), Eugenia chlorantha ( Myrtaceae ), Strombosia javanica ( Strombosiaceae ), Pellacalyx saccardianus ( Rhizophoraceae ), Prunus polystachya ( Rosaceae ), and Palaquium obovatum ( Sapotaceae ) were eaten in lowland old-growth dipterocarp rainforest.	Pregnant females predominantly occur in February but also March—-May and June. Females carrying dependent young were observed in November.	Temminck’s Tailless Fruit Bat forms large feeding aggregations in fruiting trees with large crops. It forages in all levels below canopies but more commonly in subcanopies. While exploiting a fruiting tree, a male roosted near (c. 50 m ) the tree high in the canopy.	Temminck’s Tailless Fruit Bat might be nomadic, moving roosting sites to follow availability of temporarily superabundant fruit.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Temminck’s Tailless Fruit Bat is uncommon but widespread. There are no major threats, but land use change, chiefly deforestation, is probably an ongoing threat.	Andersen (1912b) | Bates, Bumrungsri, Suyanto & Francis (2008) | Francis (1994) | Giannini & Simmons (2007a) | Harada, Minezawa et al. (1982) | Hodgkison (2001) | Hodgkison et al. (2004b) | Jones, Bielby et al. (2009) | Kingston et al. (2006) | Kumaran et al. (2005) | Olson et al. (2001) | Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu (2012) | Yong (1984)		1. Temminck’s Tailless Fruit Bat Megaerops ecaudatus French: Cynoptére écaudé / German: Temminck-Altwelt-Fruchtfledermaus / Spanish: Megaerop de Temminck Other common names: Sunda Tailless Fruit Bat , Temminck'’s Fruit Bat Taxonomy. Pachysoma ecaudatum Temminck, 1837 , Padang, western Sumatra , Indonesia . This species is monotypic. Distribution. Malay Peninsula, N & W Sumatra, and Borneo; presence in NE India ( Arunachal Pradesh ) not confirmed. Descriptive notes. Head—body 65-84 mm (tailless), ear 12:9-18 mm, hindfoot 8-9—11-2 mm; forearm 50-58 mm; weight 22-28 g. Rostrum of Temminck’s Tailless Fruit Bat is high and broad, with projecting nostrils, and large eyes. Males are slightly (¢.5%) smaller than females. Muzzle is short, deep wide, and thickened, with subtubular nostrils and pronounced philtrum. Eyes are large and bulging;iris is warm brown. Ears are long and oval, with translucent pale brown pinnae and darker rims,slightly attenuated at tps. Face is scarcely haired. Pelage is soft, uniformly pale brown with grayish hair bases on head and body, only slightly paler ventrally, and longer on throat, which can form indistinct ruff on males. Uropatagium is well developed, calcaris short, and tibia is short and slightly hairy dorsally. Index claw is present. Wing membranes are brown, from sides of body and inserted at first toe. Skull lacks basicranial deflection and characteristic deep rostrum; projecting nasals and premaxillae configure a narial opening forwardly produced as a short tube and heart-shaped in rostral view. Orbitis large, and rim is salient, elevated above level of nasals; anterior zygomatic root is above alveolar line; zygoma is arched; and braincase is rounded. Paranasal recesses are inflated, reaching postorbital foramen; postorbital process is long and projects posterolaterally. Palate is flat; post-dental palate is long, with median spine. Ectotympanic is wide anteriorly and internally edged by ribbon-like entotympanic. Mandibleis thin, with tall sloping coronoid; condyle is above level of lower alveolar line; and angle is produced ventrally. Dental formula for all species of Megaeropsis 12/1, C1/1,P 3/3, M 1/2 (x2) = 28. Upper dentition has small, elongated incisors; C! is small and decurved, with convex mesial surface; P' and other upper cheekteeth are small to medium in size, decreasing posteriorly. Lower dentition has minute I, (I, absent); C, is small, with bases converging medially; P, is peg-like; posterior cheekteeth are as tall as canine and then decrease in size posteriorly; and M, is peg-like. Seven interdental, undivided palatal ridges (only middle ones are slightly notched) are smooth and slightly swollen, eighth ridge is divided and thin, and last two ridges are spaced from the former ones, divided and thin. Diploid number is 2n = 26, with ten metasubmetacentric,five subtelocentric, and six acrocentric chromosomes. In Thailand , 2n = 24 as result of a Robertsonian translocation. Habitat. Tropical moist broadleaf forests, including Tenasserim-South Thailand semievergreen rainforests, and lowland and montane rainforests. Food and Feeding. Frugivore. Temminck’s Tailless Fruit Bat is frugivorous and a transient species that uses “big bang” crops of large canopy trees, where individuals form large feeding aggregations, often with other pteropodids. Intermittent captures indicate that resources are tracked over time in a given region. Fruits from Elaeocarpus stipularis ( Elaeocarpaceae ), Ficus magnoliaefolia, I globosa ( Moraceae ), Eugenia chlorantha ( Myrtaceae ), Strombosia javanica ( Strombosiaceae ), Pellacalyx saccardianus ( Rhizophoraceae ), Prunus polystachya ( Rosaceae ), and Palaquium obovatum ( Sapotaceae ) were eaten in lowland old-growth dipterocarp rainforest. Breeding. Pregnant females predominantly occur in February but also March—-May and June. Females carrying dependent young were observed in November. Activity patterns. Temminck’s Tailless Fruit Bat forms large feeding aggregations in fruiting trees with large crops. It forages in all levels below canopies but more commonly in subcanopies. While exploiting a fruiting tree, a male roosted near (c. 50 m ) the tree high in the canopy. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Temminck’s Tailless Fruit Bat might be nomadic, moving roosting sites to follow availability of temporarily superabundant fruit. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Temminck’s Tailless Fruit Bat is uncommon but widespread. There are no major threats, but land use change, chiefly deforestation, is probably an ongoing threat. Bibliography. Andersen (1912b), Bates, Bumrungsri, Suyanto & Francis (2008), Francis (1994), Giannini & Simmons (2007a), Harada, Minezawa et al. (1982), Hodgkison (2001), Hodgkison et al. (2004b), Jones, Bielby et al. (2009), Kingston et al. (2006), Kumaran et al. (2005), Olson et al. (2001), Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu (2012), Yong (1984).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Megaerops ecaudatus	Megaerops		ecaudatus	Temminck	1837	1	Monogr. Mamm.	0.1486	Temminck&apos;s Tailless Fruit Bat	None.	Indonesia, W Sumatra, Padang.	Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, Thailand, Yunnan China, perhaps Vietnam.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Some records of this species from India, Thailand, and Vietnam (Hill, 1983; Van Peenen et al., 1969) are referable to niphanae ; seeCorbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed by Maharandatunkamsi and Maryanto (2002).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Megaerops ecaudatus	23	Temminck's Tailless Fruit Bat	Sunda Tailless Fruit Bat|Temminck's Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	CYNOPTERINAE	CYNOPTERINI	Megaerops	NA	ecaudatus	Temminck	1837	1						Padang, western Sumatra, Indonesia.			ecaudatus (Temminck, 1837)	NA	NA	India?|Thailand|Malaysia|Indonesia|Brunei	Asia	Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Megaerops_ecaudatus	0	sciname match	Megaerops_ecaudatus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	12946	Megaerops ecaudatus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Megaerops	ecaudatus	(Temminck, 1837)	Corbet and Hill 1992, referred some records of this species from India, Thailand, and Viet Nam to niphanae (Hill 1983, Van Peenen et al . 1969). However, according to Srinivasulu et al . (in prep.) some records from northeastern India are referable to Megaerops ecaudatus .	20000000	Megaerops ecaudatus	Least Concern		2021	2020-11-28 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Megaerops ecaudatus is assessed as Least Concern as although uncommon, it is a widespread species, there are no major threats, and it occurs in a number of protected areas.	It is a forest associated species found in a variety of habitats from lowland evergreen forest to disturbed secondary forest. In Peninsula Malaysia the species moves roosting sites to follow food availability (S. Bumrungsri pers. comm.).	There are no major threats to this species, although deforestation is occurring in some parts of its range.	This species is widespread but uncommon (P. Bates and S. Bumrungsri pers. comm.) throughout its range. The global population is presumed stable.	Stable	This species occurs in Borneo, Sumatra, Malaysia, and Thailand. It probably occurs also in northeastern India (Srinivasulu et al . in prep.).		Terrestrial	This species occurs in a number of protected areas throughout its range.	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Megaerops		ecaudatus	Temminck	1837	1	Monogr. Mamm.	0.148611	Temminck&apos;s Tailless Fruit Bat	None.	Indonesia, W Sumatra, Padang.	Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, Thailand, Yunnan China, perhaps Vietnam.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Some records of this species from India, Thailand, and Vietnam (Hill, 1983; Van Peenen et al., 1969) are referable to niphanae ; seeCorbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed by Maharandatunkamsi and Maryanto (2002).	Megaerops ecaudatus	1004382	23	Temminck's Tailless Fruit Bat	Sunda Tailless Fruit Bat|Temminck's Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	CYNOPTERINAE	CYNOPTERINI	Megaerops	NA	ecaudatus	Temminck	1837	1						Padang, western Sumatra, Indonesia.			ecaudatus (Temminck, 1837)	NA	NA				India?|Thailand|Malaysia|Indonesia|Brunei	Asia	Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Megaerops_ecaudatus	0	sciname match	Megaerops_ecaudatus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Megaerops_ecaudatus	1004382	23	Temminck's Tailless Fruit Bat	Sunda Tailless Fruit Bat|Temminck's Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Cynopterinae	Cynopterini	Megaerops	NA	ecaudatus	Temminck	1	Pachysoma ecaudatum	Temminck, C.J. 1837. Livraison 2. Pp. 49–140 in Temminck, C.J. 1835-1841. Monographies de Mammalogie. Tome second. C. C. van der Hoek, Leiden, 392 pp.	https://archive.org/details/monographiedema00temmgoog	RMNH.MAM.38025	holotype	https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/RMNH.MAM.38025.a | https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/RMNH.MAM.38025.b	Padang, western Sumatra, Indonesia.			NA	NA				India?|Thailand|Malaysia|Indonesia|Brunei	Asia	Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Megaerops_ecaudatus	0	sciname match	Megaerops_ecaudatus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Megaerops		ecaudatus	Temminck	1837	1	Monogr. Mamm.	0.148611	Temminck&apos;s Tailless Fruit Bat	None.	Indonesia, W Sumatra, Padang.	Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, Thailand, Yunnan China, perhaps Vietnam.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/12946/22023972/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Some records of this species from India, Thailand, and Vietnam (Hill, 1983; Van Peenen et al., 1969) are referable to niphanae; seeCorbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed by Maharandatunkamsi and Maryanto (2002).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Megaerops ecaudatus; Megaerops ecaudatus; Megaerops ecaudatus; Megaerops ecaudatus; Megaerops ecaudatus; Megaerops ecaudatus; ecaudatus; Cynoptére écaudé; Temminck-Altwelt-Fruchtfledermaus; Megaerop de Temminck; Sunda Tailless Fruit Bat; Temminck'’s Fruit Bat; Temminck's Tailless Fruit Bat; Sunda Tailless Fruit Bat; Temminck's Fruit Bat; Temminck’s Tailless Fruit Bat; Temminck&apos;s Tailless Fruit Bat; M. ecaudatus