http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom	http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/format	name_CH1_1980	name_MSW1_1982	name_CH3_1991	name_MSW2_1993	name_Koopman_1994	name_MSW3_2005	name_HMW_2019	name_BatNames_2022	name_MDD_2022	name_IUCN_2022	name_BatNames_2023	name_MDD_2023	name_MDD_2025_2.0	name_batnames_2025_1.7	name_MDD_2025_2.2	column151	taxonomic_notes_concatenated	column171	synonyms_CH1	subspecies__MSW2	synonyms__MSW1	synonyms_CH3	synonyms_MSW2	subspecies_Koopman94_interpreted	subspecies_MSW3_interpreted	synonym_MSW3_interpreted	subspecies_HMW_interpreted	synonym_HMW_interpreted	subspecies_batnames_interpreted	synonym_batnames_interpreted	synonym_MDD_interpreted	synonym_IUCN_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2025_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2025_interpreted	synonyms_batnames2025_interpreted	nominalNames	column391	docOrigin_CH1	commonName_CH1	distribution_CH1	docOrigin_MSW1	column451	typeLocality_MSW1	authority_MSW1	year_MSW1	citation_MSW1	distribution	comment_MSW1	docOrigin_CH3	commonName_CH3	distribution_CH3	docOrigin_MSW2	authority_MSW2	year_MSW2	citation_MSW2	comments_MSW2	distribution_MSW2	typeLocality_MSW2	docOrigin_Koopman94	authority_Koopman94	year_Koopman94	description_Koopman94	distribution_Koopman94	diversity_Koopman94	subspecies_Koopman94	page	rank	name	authority	year	parent	parent_rank	corrected_name	actual_species_count	claimed_species_count	dental_formula	description	diversity	full_subspecies_text	name_line	species_index	subspecies	synonym	text	docOrigin_MSW3	order_MSW3	family_MSW3	subfamily_MSW3	tribe_MSW3	name_MSW3	genus_MSW3	subgenus_MSW3	species_MSW3	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MSW3	(parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)_MSW3	authoritySpeciesYear_MSW3	actualDate_MSW3	citation_MSW3	volume_MSW3	issue_MSW3	pages_MSW3	type_species_MSW3	commonName_MSW3	typeLocality_MSW3	distribution_MSW3	status_MSW3	synonym_MSW3	comments_MSW3	docId_HMW	docOrigin_HMW	docISBN_HMW	docName_HMW	docMasterId_HMW	docPageNumber_HMW	derivedFrom_HMW	name_HMW	family_HMW	genus_HMW	species_HMW	authoritySpeciesAuthor_HMW	authoritySpeciesYear	commonNames_HMW	taxonomy_HMW	subspeciesAndDistribution_HMW	descriptiveNotes_HMW	habitat_HMW	foodAndFeeding_HMW	breeding_HMW	activityPatterns_HMW	movementsHomeRangeAndSocialOrganization_HMW	statusAndConservation_HMW	bibliography_HMW	distributionImageURL_HMW	verbatimText_HMW	docOrigin_batnames	family_batnames	name_batnames	genus_batnames	subgenus_batnames	species_batnames	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames	date_batnames	parentheses_batnames (1=author & date in parentheses)	citation_batnames	docPageNumber_batnames	common Name_batnames	synonyms_batnames	type_locality_batnames	Distribution_batnames	CITES_batnames	IUCN_batnames	comments_batnames	docOrigin_MDD	name_MDD	phylosort_MDD	mainCommonName_MDD	otherCommonNames_MDD	subclass_MDD	infraclass_MDD	magnorder_MDD	superorder_MDD	order_MDD	suborder_MDD	infraorder_MDD	parvorder_MDD	superfamily_MDD	family_MDD	subfamily_MDD	tribe_MDD	genus_MDD	subgenus_MDD	specificEpithet_MDD	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD	authorityParentheses_MDD	originalNameCombination_MDD	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD	holotypeVoucher_MDD	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD	typeLocality_MDD	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD	nominalNames_MDD	taxonomyNotes_MDD	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD	countryDistribution_MDD	continentDistribution_MDD	biogeographicRealm_MDD	iucnStatus_MDD	extinct_MDD	domestic_MDD	flagged_MDD	CMW_sciName_MDD	diffSinceCMW_MDD	MSW3_matchtype_MDD	MSW3_sciName_MDD	diffSinceMSW3_MDD	docOrigin_IUCN	internalTaxonId_IUCN	NAME_IUCN	kingdomName_IUCN	phylumName_IUCN	className_IUCN	orderName_IUCN	familyName_IUCN	genusName_IUCN	speciesName_IUCN	authoritySpeciesAuthorYear_IUCN	taxonomicNotes_IUCN	assessmentId_IUCN	scientificName_IUCN	redlistCategory_IUCN	redlistCriteria_IUCN	yearPublished_IUCN	assessmentDate_IUCN	criteriaVersion_IUCN	language_IUCN	rationale_IUCN	habitat_IUCN	threats_IUCN	population_IUCN	populationTrend_IUCN	range_IUCN	useTrade_IUCN	systems_IUCN	conservationActions_IUCN	realm_IUCN	yearLastSeen_IUCN	possiblyExtinct_IUCN	possiblyExtinctInTheWild_IUCN	scopes_IUCN	docOrigin_batnames2023	FAMILY_batnames2023	GENUS_batnames2023	SUBGENUS_batnames2023	SPECIES_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesYearbatnames2023	PARENTHESES_batnames2023 (1=AUTHOR & DATE IN PARENTHESES)	CITATION_batnames2023	PAGES_batnames2023	COMMON NAME_batnames2023	SYNONYMS_batnames2023	TYPE LOCALITY_batnames2023	DISTRIBUTION_batnames2023	CITES_batnames2023	IUCN_batnames2023	COMMENTS_batnames2023	name MDD2023	id_MDD2023	phylosort_MDD2023	mainCommonName_MDD2023	otherCommonNames_MDD2023	subclass_MDD2023	infraclass_MDD2023	magnorder_MDD2023	superorder_MDD2023	order_MDD2023	suborder_MDD2023	infraorder_MDD2023	parvorder_MDD2023	superfamily_MDD2023	Family_mdd2023	subfamily_MDD2023	tribe_MDD2023	genus_MDD2023	subgenus_MDD2023	specificEpithet_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD2023	authorityParentheses_MDD2023	originalNameCombination_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD2023	holotypeVoucher_MDD2023	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD2023	typeLocality_MDD2023	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD2023	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD2023	nominalNames_MDD2023	taxonomyNotes_MDD2023	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD2023	distributionNotes_MDD2023	distributionNotesCitation_MDD2023	subregionDistribution_MDD2023	countryDistribution_MDD2023	continentDistribution_MDD2023	biogeographicRealm_MDD2023	iucnStatus_MDD2023	extinct_MDD2023	domestic_MDD2023	flagged_MDD2023	CMW_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceCMW_MDD2023	MSW3_matchtype_MDD2023	MSW3_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceMSW3_MDD2023	docOrigin_MDD2025	sciName	id	phylosort	mainCommonName	otherCommonNames	subclass	infraclass	magnorder	superorder	order	suborder	infraorder	parvorder	superfamily	family	subfamily	tribe	genus	subgenus	specificEpithet	authoritySpeciesAuthor	authorityParentheses	originalNameCombination	authoritySpeciesCitation	authoritySpeciesLink	typeVoucher	typeKind	typeVoucherURIs	typeLocality	typeLocalityLatitude	typeLocalityLongitude	taxonomyNotes	taxonomyNotesCitation	distributionNotes	distributionNotesCitation	subregionDistribution	countryDistribution	continentDistribution	biogeographicRealm	iucnStatus	extinct	domestic	flagged	CMW_sciName	diffSinceCMW	MSW3_matchtype	MSW3_sciName	diffSinceMSW3	docOrigin_batnames2025	Family	Genus	Subgenus	Species	Author	Date	Parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L603	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Macrotus waterhousei	Macrotus waterhousii	Macrotus waterhousii	Macrotus waterhousii	Macrotus waterhousii	Macrotus waterhousii	Macrotus waterhousii	Macrotus waterhousii	Macrotus waterhousii	Macrotus waterhousii	Macrotus waterhousii	Macrotus waterhousii	Macrotus waterhousii	Macrotus waterhousii	Macrotus waterhousii		[MSW2] Includes mexicanus; see Anderson and Nelson (1965:25). See Anderson (1969fl, Mammalian Species, 1).; [MSW3] Includes mexicanus; see Anderson and Nelson (1965). See Anderson (1969a). Caribbean forms reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003).; [HMW] Macrotus waterhousii J. E. Gray, 1843 , “Hayti [= Haiti ].” Six subspecies are recognized.; [batnames2022] Includes mexicanus ; see Anderson and Nelson (1965). See Anderson (1969). Caribbean forms reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003). Guatemalan records are dubious; see Kraker-Castaneda et al. (2016).; [IUCN] Includes mexicanus . Caribbean forms reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003). ;Greater Antillean populations might represent distinct, valid species (Fleming et al. 2009).; [batnames2023] Includes mexicanus ; see Anderson and Nelson (1965). See Anderson (1969). Caribbean forms reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003). Guatemalan records are dubious; see Kraker-Castaneda et al. (2016).; [batnames2025_1.7] Includes mexicanus; see Anderson and Nelson (1965). See Anderson (1969). Caribbean forms reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003). Guatemalan records are dubious; see Kraker-Castaneda et al. (2016).				mexicanus		bocourtianus, bulleri, compressus, heberfolium, jamaicensis, mexicanus, minor.	bulleri, mexicanus, minor, compressus, jamaicensis, waterhousii	waterhousii, bulleri, compressus, jamaicensis, mexicanus, minor	heberfolium; mexicanus - bocourtianus	waterhousii, bulleri, compressus, jamaicensis, mexicanus, minor		waterhousii, bulleri, compressus, jamaicensis, mexicanus, minor	waterhousii - heberfolium; mexicanus - bocourtianu	waterhousii, mexicanus, minor, bocourtianus, bulleri, compressus, jamaicensis, herberfolium	Includes mexicanus . Caribbean forms reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003). ;Greater Antillean populations might represent distinct, valid species (Fleming et al. 2009).	waterhousii, bulleri, compressus, jamaicensis, mexicanus, minor	waterhousii - heberfolium; mexicanus - bocourtianu	waterhousii, mexicanus, minor, bocourtianus, bulleri, compressus, jamaicensis, herberfolium 	waterhousii, mexicanus, minor, bocourtianus, waterhousei, bulleri, compressus, jamaicensis, heberfolium	bulleri, compressus, jamaicensis, mexicanus, minor, waterhousii	mexicanus - bocourtianus; waterhousii - heberfolium	waterhousii J. E. Gray, 1843|mexicanus de Saussure, 1860|minor J. Gundlach in W. C. H. Peters, 1865|bocourtianus Dobson, 1876|waterhousei F. W. True, 1885 [incorrect subsequent spelling]|bulleri H. Allen, 1890|compressus Rehn, 1904|jamaicensis Rehn, 1904|heberfolium Shamel, 1931|waterhousiei Orihuela, Viñola López, & Viera, 2020 [incorrect subsequent spelling]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		Waterhouse's leaf-nosed bat N Mexico – Guatemala, Bahamas, Greater Antilles	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Macrotus waterhousii	Haiti.	Gray	1843	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1843:21.	Distribution: Ranging from western Mexico, including the Tres Marias islands, to Guatemala and throughout the Greatern Antilles (known only fossil from Puerto Rico).		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Waterhouse's leaf-nosed bat	N Mexico – Guatemala, Bahamas, Greater Antilles	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Gray	1843	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1843:21.	Includes mexicanus; see Anderson and Nelson (1965:25). See Anderson (1969fl, Mammalian Species, 1).	Sonora and Hidalgo (Mexico) to Guatemala; Bahama Isis; Jamaica; Cuba; Cayman Isis (NW of Jamaica); Hispaniola and Beata Isis.	Haiti.		GRAY	1843	Postorbital constriction relatively broad (3.9-4.4 mm). Size fairly large (forearm length, 47-55 mm; condylobasal length, 19-22 mm).	Distribution: Ranging from western Mexico, including the Tres Marias islands, to Guatemala and throughout the Greatern Antilles (known only fossil from Puerto Rico).	Six subspecies are currently recognized:	M. w. bulleri (western and central Mexico), M. w. mexicanus (southern Mexico and Guatemala), M. w. minor (Cuba, the Cayman islands, and Navassa, which is between Jamaica and Hispaniola), M. w. compressus (central Bahamas), M. w. jamaicensis (Jamaica), M. w. waterhousii (Hispaniola and the southeastern Bahamas).	74	species	M. waterhousii	GRAY	1843	Macrotus	genus	Macrotus waterhousii				Postorbital constriction relatively broad (3.9-4.4 mm). Size fairly large (forearm length, 47-55 mm; condylobasal length, 19-22 mm).	Six subspecies are currently recognized:		2. M. waterhousii GRAY 1843.	2	_M. w. bulleri_ Allen, 1890; _M. w. compressus_ Rehn, 1904; _M. w. jamaicensis_ Rehn, 1904; _M. w. mexicanus_ Saussure, 1860 (synonyms: _bocourtianus_ Dobson, 1876); _M. w. minor_ Gundlach, 1865; _M. w. waterhousii_ Gray, 1843 (synonyms: _heberfolium_ Shamel, 1931)			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Phyllostomidae	Phyllostominae		Macrotus waterhousii	Macrotus		waterhousii	Gray		1843		Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1843		21		Waterhouse's Leaf-nosed Bat	Haiti.	Sonora and Hidalgo (Mexico) south to Guatemala; Bahama Isls; Jamaica; Cuba; Cayman Isls (NW of Jamaica); Hispaniola and Beata Isls.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	heberfolium Shamel, 1931; bulleri H. Allen, 1890; compressus Rehn, 1904; jamaicensis Rehn, 1904; mexicanus Saussure, 1860; bocourtianus Dobson, 1876; minor Gundlach, 1864.	Includes mexicanus; see Anderson and Nelson (1965). See Anderson (1969a). Caribbean forms reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003).	03A687BCFFB4FFB413B0F4B9F702F87D	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff9fffc4ffb1ffb1133cffbaffe0f244	489	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/A6/87/03A687BCFFB4FFB413B0F4B9F702F87D.xml	Macrotus waterhousii	Phyllostomidae	Macrotus	waterhousii	J. E. Gray	1843	Macrotus de Waterhouse @fr | Waterhouse-Gro Rohrblattnase @de | Macroto de Waterhouse @es	Macrotus waterhousii J. E. Gray, 1843 , “Hayti [= Haiti ].” Six subspecies are recognized.	M.w.waterhousiiJ.E.Gray,1843—SBahamas,CaicosIs,Hispaniola,andBeataI. M.w.bulleriH.Allen,1890—N&CMexico(SonoraandTamaulipastoJaliscoandHidalgo),includingMariasIsoffNayarit. M.w.compressusRehn,1904—NBahamas(GrandBahamaBankandWatlingIs). M.w.jamaicensisRehn,1904—Jamaica. M.w.mexicanusSaussure,1860—fromNWMexicoStoGuatemala. M. w. minor Gundlach, 1864 — Cuba , including Isla de la Juventud , and Grand Cayman I.	Head-body 85-108 mm, tail 28-47 mm, ear 22-28 mm, hindfoot 11-16 mm, forearm 47-56 mm; weight 12-18 g. Waterhouse’s Leaf-nosed Bat has long dense fur; hairs measure 8-12 mm dorsally and 7-10 mm ventrally. Pelage varies from reddish or yellowish gray, especially in males, to grayish brown. Bases of hairs are white. Bahamian population has lighter pelage. Uropatagium is well developed, devoid of hair, and ends at the 9-14mm calcar. Snout is narrow but not elongated and has 4-6 mm noseleaf and cleft lower lip. Ears are notably long, joined at bases by membrane over forehead. Tragus is longer than noseleaf. Testes are 2-7 mm long. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 46 and FN = 60, with 16 biarmed and 28 acrocentric autosomes. X-chromosome is medium-sized submetacentric, and Ychromosome is minute acrocentric. Karyotypes reported in Mexico , Jamaica , and Hispaniola are identical.	Tropical dry forests in western Mexico and Bahamas and various ecosystems in Cuba , Jamaica , and Hispaniola. In Hispaniola, Waterhouse’s Leaf-nosed Bats have been captured in pine forests up to 1300 m in Sierra del Baoruco and Rak Bwa forests.	Waterhouse’s Leaf-nosed Bats mainly eat insects, especially Lepidoptera , Orthoptera , and Odonata in Cuba and Coleoptera and Diptera in Jamaica . Seeds have been found occasionally in feces. When feeding on insects, they often use night roosts or feeding perches where they discard wings and legs of large insects. Prey is probably gleaned from surfaces rather than captured in the air. Fat reserves are lower in dry seasons. Captive Waterhouse’s Leaf-nosed Bats readily attack smaller species of bats and can become cannibalistic.	Breeding of Waterhouse’s Leaf-nosed Bat seems to vary across its distribution. It is considered monoestrous. Throughout most of its distribution, parturition mainly occurs in April-May. Pregnant females can be found beginning in February, and lactation lasts until August. In Jamaica , pregnant females have been observed in October and lactation in December. On the mainland, male spermatogenic cycle is initiated in June, and sperm are available in August. Males are not reproductively active in their first autumn. Penis lacks bony baculum and specialized erectile accessory corpus cavernosus bodies. Mating system appears to be polygynous.	Waterhouse’s Leaf-nosed Bats is nocturnal, exiting roosts 26-68 minutes after sunset and returning 19-51 minutes before sunrise. It has two clearly defined feeding bouts. Flight is slow and highly maneuverable. It roosts mostly in cool caves or crevices, although it has been observed in anthropogenic structures but not in roofs where temperatures can be too high.	Waterhouse’s Leaf-nosed Bat forages in understories, apparently moving no more than 5 km from roosts. Although colonies of up to 500 individuals have been reported, usually colonies do not exceed 50 individuals of both sexes. Occasionally, sexes are segregated in cave chambers, and maternity roosts are not uncommon during breeding season.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Waterhouse’s Leaf-nosed Bat is widely distributed and common and occurs in protected areas. It is locally extinct in Puerto Rico , Grand Cayman, and the Lesser Antilles ( Anguilla , Barbuda , and Saint Martin ). Fossil records are known from Cuba , Jamaica , Hispaniola, Puerto Rico , Grand Caicos , Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac, Anguilla , Barbuda , and the Bahamas in Great Abaco , Andros , the Exumas, and New Providence.	Anderson (1969) | Anderson & Nelson (1965) | Buden (1975) | Fleming et al. (2009) | Genoways et al. (2005) | Krutzsch et al. (1976) | Morgan (2001) | Rodriguez-Duréan & Christenson (2012) | Silva-Taboada (1979) | Simmons (2005) | Solari (2018b) | Speer et al. (2015) | Timm & Genoways (2003)	https://zenodo.org/record/6458606/files/figure.png	2. Waterhouse’s Leaf-nosed Bat Macrotus waterhousii French: Macrotus de Waterhouse / German: Waterhouse-GroRohrblattnase / Spanish: Macroto de Waterhouse Taxonomy. Macrotus waterhousii J. E. Gray, 1843 , “Hayti [= Haiti ].” Six subspecies are recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. M.w.waterhousiiJ.E.Gray,1843—SBahamas,CaicosIs,Hispaniola,andBeataI. M.w.bulleriH.Allen,1890—N&CMexico(SonoraandTamaulipastoJaliscoandHidalgo),includingMariasIsoffNayarit. M.w.compressusRehn,1904—NBahamas(GrandBahamaBankandWatlingIs). M.w.jamaicensisRehn,1904—Jamaica. M.w.mexicanusSaussure,1860—fromNWMexicoStoGuatemala. M. w. minor Gundlach, 1864 — Cuba , including Isla de la Juventud , and Grand Cayman I. Descriptive notes. Head-body 85-108 mm, tail 28-47 mm, ear 22-28 mm, hindfoot 11-16 mm, forearm 47-56 mm; weight 12-18 g. Waterhouse’s Leaf-nosed Bat has long dense fur; hairs measure 8-12 mm dorsally and 7-10 mm ventrally. Pelage varies from reddish or yellowish gray, especially in males, to grayish brown. Bases of hairs are white. Bahamian population has lighter pelage. Uropatagium is well developed, devoid of hair, and ends at the 9-14mm calcar. Snout is narrow but not elongated and has 4-6 mm noseleaf and cleft lower lip. Ears are notably long, joined at bases by membrane over forehead. Tragus is longer than noseleaf. Testes are 2-7 mm long. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 46 and FN = 60, with 16 biarmed and 28 acrocentric autosomes. X-chromosome is medium-sized submetacentric, and Ychromosome is minute acrocentric. Karyotypes reported in Mexico , Jamaica , and Hispaniola are identical. Habitat. Tropical dry forests in western Mexico and Bahamas and various ecosystems in Cuba , Jamaica , and Hispaniola. In Hispaniola, Waterhouse’s Leaf-nosed Bats have been captured in pine forests up to 1300 m in Sierra del Baoruco and Rak Bwa forests. Food and Feeding. Waterhouse’s Leaf-nosed Bats mainly eat insects, especially Lepidoptera , Orthoptera , and Odonata in Cuba and Coleoptera and Diptera in Jamaica . Seeds have been found occasionally in feces. When feeding on insects, they often use night roosts or feeding perches where they discard wings and legs of large insects. Prey is probably gleaned from surfaces rather than captured in the air. Fat reserves are lower in dry seasons. Captive Waterhouse’s Leaf-nosed Bats readily attack smaller species of bats and can become cannibalistic. Breeding. Breeding of Waterhouse’s Leaf-nosed Bat seems to vary across its distribution. It is considered monoestrous. Throughout most of its distribution, parturition mainly occurs in April-May. Pregnant females can be found beginning in February, and lactation lasts until August. In Jamaica , pregnant females have been observed in October and lactation in December. On the mainland, male spermatogenic cycle is initiated in June, and sperm are available in August. Males are not reproductively active in their first autumn. Penis lacks bony baculum and specialized erectile accessory corpus cavernosus bodies. Mating system appears to be polygynous. Activity patterns. Waterhouse’s Leaf-nosed Bats is nocturnal, exiting roosts 26-68 minutes after sunset and returning 19-51 minutes before sunrise. It has two clearly defined feeding bouts. Flight is slow and highly maneuverable. It roosts mostly in cool caves or crevices, although it has been observed in anthropogenic structures but not in roofs where temperatures can be too high. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Waterhouse’s Leaf-nosed Bat forages in understories, apparently moving no more than 5 km from roosts. Although colonies of up to 500 individuals have been reported, usually colonies do not exceed 50 individuals of both sexes. Occasionally, sexes are segregated in cave chambers, and maternity roosts are not uncommon during breeding season. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Waterhouse’s Leaf-nosed Bat is widely distributed and common and occurs in protected areas. It is locally extinct in Puerto Rico , Grand Cayman, and the Lesser Antilles ( Anguilla , Barbuda , and Saint Martin ). Fossil records are known from Cuba , Jamaica , Hispaniola, Puerto Rico , Grand Caicos , Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac, Anguilla , Barbuda , and the Bahamas in Great Abaco , Andros , the Exumas, and New Providence. Bibliography. Anderson (1969), Anderson & Nelson (1965), Buden (1975), Fleming et al. (2009), Genoways et al. (2005), Krutzsch et al. (1976), Morgan (2001), Rodriguez-Duréan & Christenson (2012), Silva-Taboada (1979), Simmons (2005), Solari (2018b), Speer et al. (2015), Timm & Genoways (2003).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Phyllostomidae	Macrotus waterhousii	Macrotus		waterhousii	Gray	1843	0	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	######	Waterhouse's Leaf-nosed Bat	 heberfolium Shamel, 1931; <b>bulleri </b> H. Allen, 1890; <b>compressus</b> Rehn, 1904; <b>jamaicensis </b> Rehn, 1904; <b>mexicanus </b> Saussure, 1860; bocourtianu s Dobson, 1876; <b>minor </b> Gundlach, 1864	Haiti	Sonora and Hidalgo (Mexico); Bahama Isls; Turks and Caicos Isls.; Cuba; Cayman Isls.; Jamaica; Hispaniola and Beata Isls	Not listed.	Least Concern	Includes mexicanus ; see Anderson and Nelson (1965). See Anderson (1969). Caribbean forms reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003). Guatemalan records are dubious; see Kraker-Castaneda et al. (2016).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Macrotus waterhousii	23	Waterhouse's Leaf-nosed Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	MACROTINAE	NA	Macrotus	NA	waterhousii	J. E. Gray	1843	0						"Hayti [= Haiti]."			waterhousii J. E. Gray, 1843|mexicanus Saussure, 1860|minor Gundlach, 1864|bocourtianus Dobson, 1876|bulleri H. Allen, 1890|compressus Rehn, 1904|jamaicensis Rehn, 1904|herberfolium Shamel, 1931	NA	NA	Mexico|Guatemala|Bahamas|Turks & Caicos Islands|Cuba|Jamaica|Haiti|Dominican Republic	North America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Macrotus_waterhousii	0	sciname match	Macrotus_waterhousii	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	12653	Macrotus waterhousii	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	Macrotus	waterhousii	Gray, 1843	Includes mexicanus . Caribbean forms reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003). ;Greater Antillean populations might represent distinct, valid species (Fleming et al. 2009).	20000000	Macrotus waterhousii	Least Concern		2018	2018-02-27 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Least Concern in because of its wide distribution, presumed large population, occurrence in a number of protected areas, tolerance to some degree of habitat modification, and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category.	This species is found in dry areas, rarely in evergreen, lowlands forest (Reid 2009). It roosts in large caves and mine tunnels, occasionally in buildings, in groups of 1 to 500 ;(Ceballos and Oliva 2005). Individuals hang by one or both feet from high ceilings near the roost entrance and do not cluster. This species does not crawl on feet and thumbs like many bats, but can walk rapidly in an upside-down position. Activity starts 1 to 2 hours after sunset; when foraging, flight is slow and maneuverable, usually within 1 m of the ground. Fruit and insects are eaten; animal prey is gleaned by mouth from the ground or vegetation and carried to a night roost (Reid 2009). A second foraging flight occurs about 2 hours before sunrise (Reid 2009).	There are no threats for this species.	This bat is rare and local in southeastern Mexico and possible north Central America; large aggregations are found in parts of west Mexico, mostly in caves, but also mines and buildings (Ceballos and Oliva 2005). Very common in Cuba and Dominican Republican (C. Mancina and S. Inchaustegui, pers. comm.).	Stable	This species is known from Sonora and Hidalgo (Mexico) south to Guatemala; Bahamas Islands; Jamaica; Cuba; Cayman Islands (northwest of Jamaica); Hispaniola and Beata Islands (Simmons 2005). It occurs from lowlands to 1,400 m (Reid 2009). Records from Guatemala are dubious, as the few known specimens are now lost (McCarthy et al . 1993).		Terrestrial	Because of its preference for caves, it is important to prevent access or damages to the caves in the habitats preferred by this species. Found in protected areas in southern Mexico.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Phyllostomidae	Macrotus		waterhousii	Gray	1843	0	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	########	Waterhouse's Leaf-nosed Bat	 heberfolium Shamel, 1931; <b>bulleri </b> H. Allen, 1890; <b>compressus</b> Rehn, 1904; <b>jamaicensis </b> Rehn, 1904; <b>mexicanus </b> Saussure, 1860; bocourtianu s Dobson, 1876; <b>minor </b> Gundlach, 1864	Haiti	Sonora and Hidalgo (Mexico); Bahama Isls; Turks and Caicos Isls.; Cuba; Cayman Isls.; Jamaica; Hispaniola and Beata Isls	Not listed.	Least Concern	Includes mexicanus ; see Anderson and Nelson (1965). See Anderson (1969). Caribbean forms reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003). Guatemalan records are dubious; see Kraker-Castaneda et al. (2016).	Macrotus waterhousii	1004951	23	Waterhouse's Leaf-nosed Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Phyllostomidae	MACROTINAE	NA	Macrotus	NA	waterhousii	J. E. Gray	1843	0						"Hayti [= Haiti]."			waterhousii J. E. Gray, 1843|mexicanus Saussure, 1860|minor Gundlach, 1864|bocourtianus Dobson, 1876|bulleri H. Allen, 1890|compressus Rehn, 1904|jamaicensis Rehn, 1904|herberfolium Shamel, 1931	NA	NA				Mexico|Guatemala|Bahamas|Turks & Caicos Islands|Cuba|Jamaica|Haiti|Dominican Republic|Cayman Islands	North America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Macrotus_waterhousii	0	sciname match	Macrotus_waterhousii	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Macrotus_waterhousii	1004951	23	Waterhouse's Leaf-nosed Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Phyllostomidae	Macrotinae	NA	Macrotus	NA	waterhousii	J. E. Gray	0	Macrotus Waterhousii	Gray, J.E. 1843-07. A letter from J. E. Gray, Esq., addressed to Mr. Waterhouse, was read, containing an account of two new species of Bats, a species of the family Hystricidæ, and a new Manis. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1843:20-22.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30679999	BMNH:Mamm:1855.12.26.278	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/4ea4f134-5b82-4db9-ae80-cae8d92ca5ae	"Hayti [= Haiti]."			NA	NA				Mexico|Guatemala|Bahamas|Turks and Caicos Islands|Cuba|Jamaica|Haiti|Dominican Republic|Cayman Islands	North America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Macrotus_waterhousii	0	sciname match	Macrotus_waterhousii	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Phyllostomidae	Macrotus		waterhousii	Gray	1843	0	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	########	Waterhouse's Leaf-nosed Bat	heberfolium Shamel, 1931; bulleri H. Allen, 1890; compressus Rehn, 1904; jamaicensis Rehn, 1904; mexicanus Saussure, 1860; bocourtianus Dobson, 1876; minor Gundlach, 1864	Haiti	Sonora and Hidalgo (Mexico); Bahama Isls; Turks and Caicos Isls.; Cuba; Cayman Isls.; Jamaica; Hispaniola and Beata Isls	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/12653/22032004/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Includes mexicanus; see Anderson and Nelson (1965). See Anderson (1969). Caribbean forms reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003). Guatemalan records are dubious; see Kraker-Castaneda et al. (2016).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Macrotus waterhousii; Macrotus waterhousii; Macrotus waterhousii; Macrotus waterhousii; Macrotus waterhousii; Macrotus waterhousii; waterhousii; bulleri; compressus; jamaicensis; mexicanus; minor; heberfolium; mexicanus - bocourtianus; waterhousii; bulleri; compressus; jamaicensis; mexicanus; minor; bulleri; compressus; jamaicensis; mexicanus; minor; heberfolium; mexicanus - bocourtianu; waterhousii; mexicanus; minor; bocourtianus; bulleri; compressus; jamaicensis; herberfolium; Macrotus de Waterhouse; Waterhouse-Gro Rohrblattnase; Macroto de Waterhouse; Waterhouse's Leaf-nosed Bat; Waterhouse's Leaf-nosed Bat; Waterhouse's Leaf-nosed Bat; M. waterhousii