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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L587	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	Lonchorhina aurita [synonym of]	N/A	Tonatia silvicola [synonym of] and Mops condylurus [synonym of]	Tonatia silvicola occidentalis	Lophostoma silvicolum occidentalis	Lophostoma occidentale	Lophostoma occidentale	Lophostoma occidentale	Lophostoma occidentalis	Lophostoma occidentale	Lophostoma occidentale	Lophostoma occidentale	Lophostoma occidentale	Lophostoma occidentale		[HMW] Tonatia silvicola occidentalis W.B. Davis & D.. C. Carter, 1978 , “ 4 mi. [= 6- 4 km ] W Suyo, 1000 ft. [= 305 m ], department of Piura , Peru .” Genus Lophostoma is neuter so widely used name occidentalis has been changed for gender agreement. P. M. Velazco and R. Cadenillas in 2011 recognized occidentale as a valid species after the restriction of silvicola to the genus Lophostoma . These authors also considered the Ecuadorian endemic L. aequatorialis as ajunior synonym of L. occidentale. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] See Velazco and Cadenillas (2011) for a review. The correct form of the species epithet is occidentale , which agrees with the neuter Lophostoma .; [MDD2022] split from L. silvicolum and includes the recently described aequatorialis; typically spelt 'occidentalis', but the name has been changed to 'occidentale' for gender agreement; [IUCN] <span>Previously this was assessed as the subspecies Lophostoma silvicolum occidentalis . But according to Velazco and Cadenillas (2011), the congruence between the morphological and molecular variation support the recognition of L. occidentalis as a valid species and the consideration of L. aequatorialis as a junior synonym of L. occidentalis. ; [batnames2023] See Velazco and Cadenillas (2011) for a review. The correct form of the species epithet is occidentale , which agrees with the neuter Lophostoma .; [MDD2023] split from L. silvicolum and includes the recently described aequatorialis; typically spelt 'occidentalis', but the name has been changed to 'occidentale' for gender agreement; [MDD2025_2.0] split from L. silvicolum and includes the recently described aequatorialis; typically spelt 'occidentalis', but the name has been changed to 'occidentale' for gender agreement; [batnames2025_1.7] See Velazco and Cadenillas (2011) for a review. The correct form of the species epithet is occidentale, which agrees with the neuter Lophostoma.; [MDD2025_2.2] split from L. silvicolum and includes the recently described aequatorialis; typically spelt 'occidentalis', but the name has been changed to 'occidentale' for gender agreement											aequatorialis	occidentale 	occidentale - aequatorialis	occidentale, aequatorialis	<span>Previously this was assessed as the subspecies Lophostoma silvicolum occidentalis . But according to Velazco and Cadenillas (2011), the congruence between the morphological and molecular variation support the recognition of L. occidentalis as a valid species and the consideration of L. aequatorialis as a junior synonym of L. occidentalis. 	occidentale 	occidentale - aequatorialis	occidentale, aequatorialis	occidentale, aequatoriale	occidentale	occidentale - aequatorialis	occidentale (W. B. Davis & D. C. Carter, 1978)|aequatoriale R. J. Baker, R. M. Fonseca, Parish, C. J. Phillips, & F. G. Hoffmann, 2004						N/A																																								NA																											03A687BCFFA5FFA51394F288F6B7F841	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff9fffc4ffb1ffb1133cffbaffe0f244	504	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/A6/87/03A687BCFFA5FFA51394F288F6B7F841.xml	Lophostoma occidentale	Phyllostomidae	Lophostoma	occidentale		1978	Lophostome occidental @fr | Westliche Rundohrblattnase @de | Lofostomaoccidental @es	Tonatia silvicola occidentalis W.B. Davis & D.. C. Carter, 1978 , “ 4 mi. [= 6- 4 km ] W Suyo, 1000 ft. [= 305 m ], department of Piura , Peru .” Genus Lophostoma is neuter so widely used name occidentalis has been changed for gender agreement. P. M. Velazco and R. Cadenillas in 2011 recognized occidentale as a valid species after the restriction of silvicola to the genus Lophostoma . These authors also considered the Ecuadorian endemic L. aequatorialis as ajunior synonym of L. occidentale. Monotypic.	W Colombia (Choco, Valle del Cauca , and Cauca departments), W lowlands and foothills of Ecuador , and lowlands of Tumbes and Piura regions in NW Peru .	Head-body 70-77 mm, tail 16-22 mm, ear 31-35 mm, hindfoot 16-18 mm, forearm 51-2-56-8 mm; weight 21-1-30 g. Greater lengths of skulls are 25-5-28-7 mm. There is sexual dimorphism, with males being larger than females in several measurements. The Western Round-eared Bat is medium-sized, with long ears, short wide wings, and short tail completely included in uropatagium. It is similar in size and color to the White-throated Round-eared Bat ( L. silvicola ), butit has frosted grayish brown on back and is paler; hairs are tricolored, with short white bases. Unlike Kalko’s Round-eared Bat ( L. kalkoae ), distinctive white to pale post-auricular patches of the Western Round-eared Bat are not connected by thin line of pale hairs to pale fur on chest. Dorsal hair is long (c. 8 mm ) and dense. Throat and chest fur are pale white, but stomach and abdomen are pale brown, with olive or light brownish fur on sides of body. Most of dorsal surface of forearm is naked, but proximal one-third is ventrally covered with long pale brown hair. Dorsal surfaces of feet are naked, with calcar longer than foot. Ears are long and naked, with well-marked folds and internal bases connected by band ofskin that meets in middle of forehead. Tragus is indented, with three teeth-like projections near base of outer border of pinna. Uropatagium is sparsely haired on anterior proximal one-third and mostly naked posteriorly. Skull and dentition are similar to the White-throated Round-eared Bat, but P, of Western Roundeared Bat is about one-half as large, and I, is smaller. Skull is robust and elongated, with well-developed sagittal (especially in males) and lambdoidal crests. Conspicuous postorbital constriction also distinguishes Lophostoma from Tonatia .	Varied habitats from evergreen lowland forests to lowland deciduous and dry forests. The Western Round-eared Bat is not sympatric with any other species of Lophostoma .	The Western Round-eared Batis a gleaning insectivore. It might prefer large beetles,crickets, cicadas, katydids, and other arthropods and occasionally eatfruit.	A lactating Western Round-eared Bat was collected in January, representing the only available record of a reproductively active individual.	The Western Round-eared Bat is nocturnal. Because it wasfirst considered a subspecies of the White-throated Round-eared Bat, some behavior is expected to be similar. The Western Round-eared Bat roosts exclusively in large active arboreal hymenopteran (termite and ant) nests that they excavate and maintain. Observations from the White-throated Round-eared Bat suggests that individuals prefer nests that are larger than 30 x 30 cm, well shaded and hidden by vegetation from above but have no branches growing through them, and are freely accessible from below.	From observations in congeners, social system of the Western Round-eared Bat might be of single male-multifemale associations, suggesting a harem structure. The Western Round-eared Bat is a perchhunter with small home ranges and short commuting distances.	Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCNRed List, as important parts ofits geographic range have been subjectto severe transformation in recent decades.	Baker et al. (2004) | Davis & Carter (1978) | Dechmann, Kalko et al. (2005) | Dechmann, Santana & Dumont (2009) | Kalko, Friemelet al. (1999) | Kalko, Ueberschaer & Dechmann (2006) | Lee et al. (2002) | Marin-Vasquez et al. (2015) | Medellin & Arita (1989) | Tirira (2017) | Velazco & Cadenillas (2011)	https://zenodo.org/record/6458669/files/figure.png	33. Western Round-eared Bat Lophostoma occidentale French: Lophostome occidental / German: Westliche Rundohrblattnase / Spanish: Lofostoma occidental Taxonomy. Tonatia silvicola occidentalis W.B. Davis & D.. C. Carter, 1978 , “ 4 mi. [= 6- 4 km ] W Suyo, 1000 ft. [= 305 m ], department of Piura , Peru .” Genus Lophostoma is neuter so widely used name occidentalis has been changed for gender agreement. P. M. Velazco and R. Cadenillas in 2011 recognized occidentale as a valid species after the restriction of silvicola to the genus Lophostoma . These authors also considered the Ecuadorian endemic L. aequatorialis as ajunior synonym of L. occidentale. Monotypic. Distribution. W Colombia (Choco, Valle del Cauca , and Cauca departments), W lowlands and foothills of Ecuador , and lowlands of Tumbes and Piura regions in NW Peru . Descriptive notes. Head-body 70-77 mm, tail 16-22 mm, ear 31-35 mm, hindfoot 16-18 mm, forearm 51-2-56-8 mm; weight 21-1-30 g. Greater lengths of skulls are 25-5-28-7 mm. There is sexual dimorphism, with males being larger than females in several measurements. The Western Round-eared Bat is medium-sized, with long ears, short wide wings, and short tail completely included in uropatagium. It is similar in size and color to the White-throated Round-eared Bat ( L. silvicola ), butit has frosted grayish brown on back and is paler; hairs are tricolored, with short white bases. Unlike Kalko’s Round-eared Bat ( L. kalkoae ), distinctive white to pale post-auricular patches of the Western Round-eared Bat are not connected by thin line of pale hairs to pale fur on chest. Dorsal hair is long (c. 8 mm ) and dense. Throat and chest fur are pale white, but stomach and abdomen are pale brown, with olive or light brownish fur on sides of body. Most of dorsal surface of forearm is naked, but proximal one-third is ventrally covered with long pale brown hair. Dorsal surfaces of feet are naked, with calcar longer than foot. Ears are long and naked, with well-marked folds and internal bases connected by band ofskin that meets in middle of forehead. Tragus is indented, with three teeth-like projections near base of outer border of pinna. Uropatagium is sparsely haired on anterior proximal one-third and mostly naked posteriorly. Skull and dentition are similar to the White-throated Round-eared Bat, but P, of Western Roundeared Bat is about one-half as large, and I, is smaller. Skull is robust and elongated, with well-developed sagittal (especially in males) and lambdoidal crests. Conspicuous postorbital constriction also distinguishes Lophostoma from Tonatia . Habitat. Varied habitats from evergreen lowland forests to lowland deciduous and dry forests. The Western Round-eared Bat is not sympatric with any other species of Lophostoma . Food and Feeding. The Western Round-eared Batis a gleaning insectivore. It might prefer large beetles,crickets, cicadas, katydids, and other arthropods and occasionally eatfruit. Breeding. A lactating Western Round-eared Bat was collected in January, representing the only available record of a reproductively active individual. Activity patterns. The Western Round-eared Bat is nocturnal. Because it wasfirst considered a subspecies of the White-throated Round-eared Bat, some behavior is expected to be similar. The Western Round-eared Bat roosts exclusively in large active arboreal hymenopteran (termite and ant) nests that they excavate and maintain. Observations from the White-throated Round-eared Bat suggests that individuals prefer nests that are larger than 30 x 30 cm, well shaded and hidden by vegetation from above but have no branches growing through them, and are freely accessible from below. Movements, Home range and Social organization. From observations in congeners, social system of the Western Round-eared Bat might be of single male-multifemale associations, suggesting a harem structure. The Western Round-eared Bat is a perchhunter with small home ranges and short commuting distances. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCNRed List, as important parts ofits geographic range have been subjectto severe transformation in recent decades. Bibliography. Baker et al. (2004), Davis & Carter (1978), Dechmann, Kalko et al. (2005), Dechmann, Santana & Dumont (2009), Kalko, Friemelet al. (1999), Kalko, Ueberschaer & Dechmann (2006), Lee et al. (2002), Marin-Vasquez et al. (2015), Medellin & Arita (1989), Tirira (2017), Velazco & Cadenillas (2011).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Phyllostomidae	Lophostoma occidentale	Lophostoma		occidentale	Davis & Carter	1978	1	Occas. Pap. Mus. Texas Tech Univ.	######	Western Round-eared Bat	 aequatorialis Baker, Fonseca, Parish, Phillips, and Hoffman, 2004.	Peru, Piura, 4 mi W Suyo	W Ecuador, NE Peru	Not listed.	Near Threatened	See Velazco and Cadenillas (2011) for a review. The correct form of the species epithet is occidentale , which agrees with the neuter Lophostoma .	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Lophostoma occidentale	23	Western Round-eared Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	PHYLLOSTOMINAE	PHYLLOSTOMINI	Lophostoma	NA	occidentale	W. B. Davis & D. C. Carter	1978	1	Tonatia_silvicola_occidentalis	Davis, W. B., & Carter, D. C. (1978). A review of the round-eared bats of the Tonatia silvicola complex, with descriptions of three new taxa. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University, 53, 6.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/247418#page/8/mode/1up	BRTC 11704		"4 mi. [= 6.4 km] W Suyo, 1000 ft. [= 305 m], department of Piura, Perú."			occidentale (W. B. Davis & D. C. Carter, 1978)|aequatorialis R. J. Baker, Fonseca, Parish, C. J. Phillips, & F. G. Hoffman, 2004	split from L. silvicolum and includes the recently described aequatorialis; typically spelt 'occidentalis', but the name has been changed to 'occidentale' for gender agreement	Baker, R. J., Fonseca, R. M., Parish, D. A., Phillips, C. J., & Hoffmann, F. G. (2004). New Bat of the Genus Lophostoma (Phyllostomidae: Phyllostominae) from Northwestern Ecuador. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Texas Tech University, 232, 1-16.|Velazco, P. M., & Cadenillas, R. (2011). On the identity of Lophostoma silvicolum occidentalis (Davis & Carter, 1978)(Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Zootaxa, 2962, 1-20.|Wilson D.E. & Mittermeier R.A. 2019. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9. Bats. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.	Colombia|Ecuador|Peru	South America	Neotropic	NT	0	0	0	Lophostoma_occidentale	0	unmatched	NA	1	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	90000000	Lophostoma occidentalis	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	Lophostoma	occidentalis	(Davis and Carter, 1978)	<span>Previously this was assessed as the subspecies Lophostoma silvicolum occidentalis . But according to Velazco and Cadenillas (2011), the congruence between the morphological and molecular variation support the recognition of L. occidentalis as a valid species and the consideration of L. aequatorialis as a junior synonym of L. occidentalis. 	200000000	Lophostoma occidentalis	Near Threatened		2020	2016-07-14 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Near Threatened as an important part of its geographic range (western Ecuador) has been subject to severe transformation in recent decades, so increasing the risk of extinction for this species (Baker et al. 2004). A decline of 20-25% is suspected in the last three generations due to habitat conversion. If these threats continue or increase, the species could be listed as Vulnerable under criterion A2c.	The northern populations of L. occidentalis inhabit evergreen lowland forests, whereas ;the southern populations inhabit lowland deciduous forests (Baker et al. 2004, Velazco and Cadenillas 2011). The Colombian records occur at the Chocó-Magdalena biogeographic region (Marin-Vasquez et al. 2015).	The tropical dry forests at the western versant of the Andes are severely fragmented, and this transformation may affect populations of this bat.	The species has a wide distribution but seems rare through most of it. A large series from Piura, northwestern Peru, included 13 specimens (Davis and Carter 1978).	Decreasing	Lophostoma occidentalis is known from the provinces of Esmeraldas, Los Ríos, and Pichincha in the western lowlands of Ecuador and from the departments of Tumbes and Piura in northeastern Peru (Velazco and Cadenillas 2011), as well as from western Colombia (Marin-Vasquez et al. 2015).		Terrestrial	Found at some natural reserves and protected areas through its range.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Phyllostomidae	Lophostoma		occidentale	Davis & Carter	1978	1	Occas. Pap. Mus. Texas Tech Univ.	53:06:00	Western Round-eared Bat	 aequatorialis Baker, Fonseca, Parish, Phillips, and Hoffman, 2004.	Peru, Piura, 4 mi W Suyo	W Ecuador, NE Peru	Not listed.	Near Threatened	See Velazco and Cadenillas (2011) for a review. The correct form of the species epithet is occidentale , which agrees with the neuter Lophostoma .	Lophostoma occidentale	1004976	23	Western Round-eared Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Phyllostomidae	PHYLLOSTOMINAE	PHYLLOSTOMINI	Lophostoma	NA	occidentale	W. B. Davis & D. C. Carter	1978	1	Tonatia_silvicola_occidentalis	Davis, W. B., & Carter, D. C. (1978). A review of the round-eared bats of the Tonatia silvicola complex, with descriptions of three new taxa. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University, 53, 6.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/247418#page/8/mode/1up	BRTC 11704		"4 mi. [= 6.4 km] W Suyo, 1000 ft. [= 305 m], department of Piura, Perú."			occidentale (W. B. Davis & D. C. Carter, 1978)|aequatorialis R. J. Baker, Fonseca, Parish, C. J. Phillips, & F. G. Hoffman, 2004	split from L. silvicolum and includes the recently described aequatorialis; typically spelt 'occidentalis', but the name has been changed to 'occidentale' for gender agreement	Baker, R. J., Fonseca, R. M., Parish, D. A., Phillips, C. J., & Hoffmann, F. G. (2004). New Bat of the Genus Lophostoma (Phyllostomidae: Phyllostominae) from Northwestern Ecuador. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Texas Tech University, 232, 1-16.|Velazco, P. M., & Cadenillas, R. (2011). On the identity of Lophostoma silvicolum occidentalis (Davis & Carter, 1978)(Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Zootaxa, 2962, 1-20.|Wilson D.E. & Mittermeier R.A. 2019. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9. Bats. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.				Colombia|Ecuador|Peru	South America	Neotropic	NT	0	0	0	Lophostoma_occidentale	0	unmatched	NA	1	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Lophostoma_occidentale	1004976	23	Western Round-eared Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Phyllostomidae	Phyllostominae	Phyllostomini	Lophostoma	NA	occidentale	W. B. Davis & D. C. Carter	1	Tonatia silvicola occidentalis	Davis, W.B. and Carter, D.C. 1978. A review of the round-eared bats of the _Tonatia silvicola_ complex, with descriptions of three new taxa. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 53:1-12.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/55641128	TCWC:Mamm:11704	holotype		"4 mi. [= 6.4 km] W Suyo, 1000 ft. [= 305 m], department of Piura, Perú."			split from L. silvicolum and includes the recently described aequatorialis; typically spelt 'occidentalis', but the name has been changed to 'occidentale' for gender agreement	Baker, R. J., Fonseca, R. M., Parish, D. A., Phillips, C. J., & Hoffmann, F. G. (2004). New Bat of the Genus Lophostoma (Phyllostomidae: Phyllostominae) from Northwestern Ecuador. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Texas Tech University, 232, 1-16.|Velazco, P. M., & Cadenillas, R. (2011). On the identity of Lophostoma silvicolum occidentalis (Davis & Carter, 1978)(Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Zootaxa, 2962, 1-20.|Wilson D.E. & Mittermeier R.A. 2019. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9. Bats. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.				Colombia|Ecuador|Peru	South America	Neotropic	NT (as Lophostoma occidentalis)	0	0	0	Lophostoma_occidentale	0	unmatched	NA	1	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Phyllostomidae	Lophostoma		occidentale	Davis & Carter	1978	1	Occas. Pap. Mus. Texas Tech Univ.	53:06:00	Western Round-eared Bat	aequatorialis Baker, Fonseca, Parish, Phillips, and Hoffman, 2004.	Peru, Piura, 4 mi W Suyo	W Ecuador, NE Peru	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/88149174/166525772/' target='_blank'>Near Threatened as Lophostoma occidentalis</a>	See Velazco and Cadenillas (2011) for a review. The correct form of the species epithet is occidentale, which agrees with the neuter Lophostoma.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Lophostoma occidentale; Lophostoma occidentale; Lophostoma occidentale; Lophostoma occidentalis; Lophostoma occidentale; aequatorialis; aequatorialis; occidentale; aequatorialis; Lophostome occidental; Westliche Rundohrblattnase; Lofostomaoccidental; Western Round-eared Bat; Western Round-eared Bat; L. occidentale