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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L575	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	Lonchorhina fernandezi	Lonchorhina fernandezi	Lonchorhina fernandezi	Lonchorhina fernandezi	Lonchorhina fernandez	Lonchorhina fernandezi	Lonchorhina fernandezi	Lonchorhina fernandezi	Lonchorhina fernandezi	Lonchorhina fernandezi	Lonchorhina fernandezi	Lonchorhina fernandezi	Lonchorhina fernandezi		[MSW3] orinocensis species group. Known only from the type locality. Some specimens previously referred to this species actually represent inusitata; see Handley and Ochoa (1997).; [HMW] Lonchorhina fernandez Ochoa & Ibanez, 1984 , “entre Puerto Ayacucho y El Burro,” 40-50 km NE of Puerto Ayacucho (along the highway), Amazonas , Venezuela . This species is monotypic.; [batnames2022]  orinocensis species group. Known only from the type locality. Some specimens previously referred to this species actually represent inusitata; see Handley and Ochoa (1997).; [batnames2023]  orinocensis species group. Known only from the type locality. Some specimens previously referred to this species actually represent inusitata; see Handley and Ochoa (1997).; [batnames2025_1.7] orinocensis species group. Known only from the type locality. Some specimens previously referred to this species actually represent inusitata; see Handley and Ochoa (1997).														fernandezi				fernandezi	fernandezi			fernandezi Ochoa & Ibáñez, 1984						N/A					Distribution: Known only from southwestern Venezuela.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5		Venezuela; ref. 4.44	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Ochoa and Ibanez	1982	Mem. Soc. Cienc. Nat. La Salle, 42:147.		S Venezuela.	Venezuela, Amazonas, Pedro Pinato.		OCHOA & IBANEZ	1982	Size relatively small (forearm length, 41 -44 mm; condylobasal length, 15-16 mm). In the noseleaf, the „sella" is filiform without a tuber and the median ridge does not enclose a sulcus.	Distribution: Known only from southwestern Venezuela.	No subspecies.		74	species	L. fernandezi	OCHOA & IBANEZ	1982	Lonchorhina	genus	Lonchorhina fernandezi				Size relatively small (forearm length, 41 -44 mm; condylobasal length, 15-16 mm). In the noseleaf, the „sella" is filiform without a tuber and the median ridge does not enclose a sulcus.	No subspecies.		3. L. fernandezi OCHOA & IBANEZ 1982.	3	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Phyllostomidae	Phyllostominae		Lonchorhina fernandezi	Lonchorhina		fernandezi	Ochoa and Ibáñez		1982		Mem. Soc. Cienc. Nat. La Salle	42		147		Fernandez's Sword-nosed Bat	Venezuela, Amazonas, 40-50 km (by road) NE Puerto Ayacucho.	S Venezuela.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Vulnerable.		orinocensis species group. Known only from the type locality. Some specimens previously referred to this species actually represent inusitata; see Handley and Ochoa (1997).	03A687BCFFBCFFBC16BCFD66F663FEFB	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff9fffc4ffb1ffb1133cffbaffe0f244	497	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/A6/87/03A687BCFFBCFFBC16BCFD66F663FEFB.xml	Lonchorhina fernandez	Phyllostomidae	Lonchorhina	fernandez	Ochoa & Ibanez	1984	Lonchorhine de Fernandez @fr | Fernandez-Schwertnase @de | Loncorino de Fernandez @es	Lonchorhina fernandez Ochoa & Ibanez, 1984 , “entre Puerto Ayacucho y El Burro,” 40-50 km NE of Puerto Ayacucho (along the highway), Amazonas , Venezuela . This species is monotypic.	Known only from vicinity of type locality along Rio Orinoco in Bolivar and Amazonas states, Venezuela .	Head—body 53-57 mm, tail 41-48 mm, ear 18-22 mm, hindfoot 8-11 mm, forearm 41-44 mm; weight 9-7-10 g. Dorsal fur of Fernandez’s Sword-nosed Bat is brownish, with dark-based hairs almost one-third of their lengths; ventral fur looks frosted, with individual hairs having brownish bases, cinnamon middles, and pale tips. Three specimens had some extent of white hairs (as small patches) on ventral or dorsal regions. Like other species of Lonchorhina , it has unusually long noseleaf and proportionally long ears, almost as tall as noseleaf. Sella is relatively large; filiform, corni prenariale majus, and minus (at base of sella) are reduced; and filiform lacks lateral expansions (allae and lamina), resulting in less ornamented sella. Wing membranes are dark, blackish, and sparsely haired, with very short white hairs. Forearm looks naked, with only a few dispersed hairs. Third metacarpal is largest in series, and fifth is shortest;first phalanx of finger III is almost 46% the length of second phalanx. Whitish hairs on ventral region of plagiopatagium contrast markedly with ventral fur and sometimes look like whitish spots on both sides of body. Short hairs, not visible to the naked eye, cover dorsal surface of uropatagium and legs. Long tail extends to posterior margin of long uropatagium, giving it a pointy look. Skull has short wide rostrum, and frontals are flat between orbits. Nasals end well behind premaxillae. Strong lacrimal crests extend to and join maxillae anteriorly, and postorbital is very constricted posteriorly. Interorbital depression is slightly concave, reaching level of interorbital constriction. Braincase is elevated, showing no depression on its posterior portion. Temporal and lambdoid crests are inconspicuous. Palate is domed between tooth rows. Basisphenoid pits are deep posteriorly. Length of C'-M?® is shorter than breadth at M®. Lingual cingulum of C' is slightly convex; P® has almost circular base. Hypocones of upper molars are little developed. Lowerincisors are trilobed; anterior end of C, cingulum is slightly projected to lingual side. Base of P,is laterally expanded over mandibular ramus, and P, is small and hidden between P, and P,. Vertebrae formula is seven cervical, twelve thoracic, six lumbar, six sacra, and nine caudal.	Tropical savanna grasslands in transition of llanos and the Amazon at elevations of 70-90 m (vicinity oftype locality).	Stomach contents of 14 of 16 Fernandez’s Sword-nosed Bats had remains of Lepidoptera , five had remains of Coleoptera , and three had remains of unidentified insects. Three individuals in the type series had remains of Noctuidae ( Lepidoptera ), Arachnida , and unidentified insects.	All known specimens of Fernandez’s Sword-nosed Bats are males, so there is no information on reproductive activity of females. Males caught in February were juveniles, and those caught in December had descended testicles. If Fernandez’s Sword-nosed Bat behaves like its sympatric congener, the Orinoco Sword-nosed Bat ( Lonchorhina orinocensis ), pregnant females are expected at end of rainy season in September—October.	A large roost of more than 120 Fernandez’s Sword-nosed Bats began to emerge by 19:00 h and came back the next day between 05:00 h and 06:00 h.	Fernandez’s Sword-nosed Bats have been found only in roosts with males in February 1985 and March 1986 that were empty in August 1985 , suggesting they could have split from a larger reproductive group. The Lesser Dog-like Bat ( Peropteryx macrotis ) and Parnell’s Common Mustached Bat ( Pteronotus parnellit ) shared the same roost.	Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. Fernandez’s Sword-nosed Bat has a restricted distribution, occurring at only two known localities less than 30 km apart with no protected areas nearby.	Eisenberg (1989) | Gardner (1977b) | Guerrero (1997) | Herndndez-Camacho & Cadena (1978) | Linares (1998) | Ochoa & Ibanez (1984) | Ochoa & Sanchez (1988) | Williams & Genoways (2008)	https://zenodo.org/record/6458640/files/figure.png	19. Fernandez’s Sword-nosed Bat Lonchorhina fernandez French: Lonchorhine de Fernandez / German: Fernandez-Schwertnase / Spanish: Loncorino de Fernandez Taxonomy. Lonchorhina fernandez Ochoa & Ibanez, 1984 , “entre Puerto Ayacucho y El Burro,” 40-50 km NE of Puerto Ayacucho (along the highway), Amazonas , Venezuela . This species is monotypic. Distribution. Known only from vicinity of type locality along Rio Orinoco in Bolivar and Amazonas states, Venezuela . Descriptive notes. Head—body 53-57 mm, tail 41-48 mm, ear 18-22 mm, hindfoot 8-11 mm, forearm 41-44 mm; weight 9-7-10 g. Dorsal fur of Fernandez’s Sword-nosed Bat is brownish, with dark-based hairs almost one-third of their lengths; ventral fur looks frosted, with individual hairs having brownish bases, cinnamon middles, and pale tips. Three specimens had some extent of white hairs (as small patches) on ventral or dorsal regions. Like other species of Lonchorhina , it has unusually long noseleaf and proportionally long ears, almost as tall as noseleaf. Sella is relatively large; filiform, corni prenariale majus, and minus (at base of sella) are reduced; and filiform lacks lateral expansions (allae and lamina), resulting in less ornamented sella. Wing membranes are dark, blackish, and sparsely haired, with very short white hairs. Forearm looks naked, with only a few dispersed hairs. Third metacarpal is largest in series, and fifth is shortest;first phalanx of finger III is almost 46% the length of second phalanx. Whitish hairs on ventral region of plagiopatagium contrast markedly with ventral fur and sometimes look like whitish spots on both sides of body. Short hairs, not visible to the naked eye, cover dorsal surface of uropatagium and legs. Long tail extends to posterior margin of long uropatagium, giving it a pointy look. Skull has short wide rostrum, and frontals are flat between orbits. Nasals end well behind premaxillae. Strong lacrimal crests extend to and join maxillae anteriorly, and postorbital is very constricted posteriorly. Interorbital depression is slightly concave, reaching level of interorbital constriction. Braincase is elevated, showing no depression on its posterior portion. Temporal and lambdoid crests are inconspicuous. Palate is domed between tooth rows. Basisphenoid pits are deep posteriorly. Length of C'-M?® is shorter than breadth at M®. Lingual cingulum of C' is slightly convex; P® has almost circular base. Hypocones of upper molars are little developed. Lowerincisors are trilobed; anterior end of C, cingulum is slightly projected to lingual side. Base of P,is laterally expanded over mandibular ramus, and P, is small and hidden between P, and P,. Vertebrae formula is seven cervical, twelve thoracic, six lumbar, six sacra, and nine caudal. Habitat. Tropical savanna grasslands in transition of llanos and the Amazon at elevations of 70-90 m (vicinity oftype locality). Food and Feeding. Stomach contents of 14 of 16 Fernandez’s Sword-nosed Bats had remains of Lepidoptera , five had remains of Coleoptera , and three had remains of unidentified insects. Three individuals in the type series had remains of Noctuidae ( Lepidoptera ), Arachnida , and unidentified insects. Breeding. All known specimens of Fernandez’s Sword-nosed Bats are males, so there is no information on reproductive activity of females. Males caught in February were juveniles, and those caught in December had descended testicles. If Fernandez’s Sword-nosed Bat behaves like its sympatric congener, the Orinoco Sword-nosed Bat ( Lonchorhina orinocensis ), pregnant females are expected at end of rainy season in September—October. Activity patterns. A large roost of more than 120 Fernandez’s Sword-nosed Bats began to emerge by 19:00 h and came back the next day between 05:00 h and 06:00 h. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Fernandez’s Sword-nosed Bats have been found only in roosts with males in February 1985 and March 1986 that were empty in August 1985 , suggesting they could have split from a larger reproductive group. The Lesser Dog-like Bat ( Peropteryx macrotis ) and Parnell’s Common Mustached Bat ( Pteronotus parnellit ) shared the same roost. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. Fernandez’s Sword-nosed Bat has a restricted distribution, occurring at only two known localities less than 30 km apart with no protected areas nearby. Bibliography. Eisenberg (1989), Gardner (1977b), Guerrero (1997), Herndndez-Camacho & Cadena (1978), Linares (1998), Ochoa & Ibanez (1984), Ochoa & Sanchez (1988), Williams & Genoways (2008).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Phyllostomidae	Lonchorhina fernandezi	Lonchorhina		fernandezi	Ochoa & Ib&aacute;&ntilde;ez	1982	0	Mem. Soc. Cienc. Nat. La Salle	44:27:00	Fernandez's Sword-nosed Bat	None.	Venezuela, Amazonas, 40-50 km (by road) NE Puerto Ayacucho.	S Venezuela.	Not listed.	Endangered	 orinocensis species group. Known only from the type locality. Some specimens previously referred to this species actually represent inusitata; see Handley and Ochoa (1997).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Lonchorhina fernandezi	23	Fernandez's Sword-nosed Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	LONCHORHININAE	NA	Lonchorhina	NA	fernandezi	Ochoa & Ibáñez	1982	0						"entre Puerto Ayacucho y El Burro," 40–50 km NE of Puerto Ayacucho (along the highway), Amazonas, Venezuela.			fernandezi Ochoa & Ibáñez, 1984	NA	NA	Venezuela	South America	Neotropic	EN	0	0	0	Lonchorhina_fernandezi	0	sciname match	Lonchorhina_fernandezi	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	12271	Lonchorhina fernandezi	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	Lonchorhina	fernandezi	Ochoa &; Ibanez, 1982		20000000	Lonchorhina fernandezi	Endangered	D	2016	2016-05-16 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is assessed as Endangered because all individuals known came from only two localities, not far apart from each other, and failed to find more than 150 individuals (60-70 in 1985, 130 in 1986; Ochoa and Sanchez 1988). The habitat it occupies is under severe threat by expansion of cattle ranching and indiscriminate vampire control at roosts, which may be shared with this species.	This species is poorly known. It feeds on insects, mostly moths and beetles (Ochoa and Sanchez 1988, Eisenberg and Redford 1999). No more information is known of this species, but it is probably similar to Lonchorhina orinocensis or L. aurita . Dominant habitat includes gallery forest through natural savannah grasslands.	Vampire bat control has had a profound effect on populations of cave species like this one. Destruction of caves and tunnels is a recurrent problem for several species that might coexist with vampires or share roost with them (which is the case for L. fernandezi ; Ochoa and Sanchez 1988). Vampire bat control is not species specific and effects many species of non-vampire bats.	This species might be rare, although the most recent collection (30 years ago) recorded 42 individuals at a single locality (Ochoa and Sanchez 1988). Only males are known - and in an area rapidly being converted to cattle ranching. The species is endemic and very restricted. Apparently, it forms large colonies in caves, and tunnels in rocks (which makes them susceptible to disturbance of roosts).	Decreasing	This species is restricted to a relatively small region to the extreme northwestern portion of Amazonian Venezuela, south of the Orinoco (Ochoa and Sanchez 1998). All collecting localities are along the confluence of the Orinoco and Meta rivers, but not extending to Colombia (so far).		Terrestrial	Cave conservation should be enforced at the area within and around the distribution of this species, and both expansion of ranching and indiscriminate vampire control should cease. Only forest reserves occur nearby the collecting localities, no national protected areas.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Phyllostomidae	Lonchorhina		fernandezi	Ochoa & Ib&aacute;&ntilde;ez	1982	0	Mem. Soc. Cienc. Nat. La Salle	44:27:00	Fernandez's Sword-nosed Bat	None.	Venezuela, Amazonas, 40-50 km (by road) NE Puerto Ayacucho.	S Venezuela.	Not listed.	Endangered	 orinocensis species group. Known only from the type locality. Some specimens previously referred to this species actually represent inusitata; see Handley and Ochoa (1997).	Lonchorhina fernandezi	1004945	23	Fernandez's Sword-nosed Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Phyllostomidae	LONCHORHININAE	NA	Lonchorhina	NA	fernandezi	Ochoa & Ibáñez	1982	0						"entre Puerto Ayacucho y El Burro," 40–50 km NE of Puerto Ayacucho (along the highway), Amazonas, Venezuela.			fernandezi Ochoa & Ibáñez, 1984	NA	NA				Venezuela	South America	Neotropic	EN	0	0	0	Lonchorhina_fernandezi	0	sciname match	Lonchorhina_fernandezi	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Lonchorhina_fernandezi	1004945	23	Fernandez's Sword-nosed Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Phyllostomidae	Lonchorhininae	NA	Lonchorhina	NA	fernandezi	Ochoa & Ibáñez	0	Lonchorhina fernandezi	Ochoa, J.R. and Ibáñez, C. 1984. Nuevo murciélago del género _Lonchorhina_ (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Memorias de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle 42:145-159.		MHNLS 5030	holotype		"entre Puerto Ayacucho y El Burro," 40–50 km NE of Puerto Ayacucho (along the highway), Amazonas, Venezuela.			NA	NA				Venezuela	South America	Neotropic	EN	0	0	0	Lonchorhina_fernandezi	0	sciname match	Lonchorhina_fernandezi	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Phyllostomidae	Lonchorhina		fernandezi	Ochoa & Ib&aacute;&ntilde;ez	1982	0	Mem. Soc. Cienc. Nat. La Salle	44:27:00	Fernandez's Sword-nosed Bat	None.	Venezuela, Amazonas, 40-50 km (by road) NE Puerto Ayacucho.	S Venezuela.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/12271/22039142/' target='_blank'>Endangered</a>	orinocensis species group. Known only from the type locality. Some specimens previously referred to this species actually represent inusitata; see Handley and Ochoa (1997).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Lonchorhina fernandezi; Lonchorhina fernandez; Lonchorhina fernandezi; Lonchorhina fernandezi; Lonchorhina fernandezi; Lonchorhina fernandezi; fernandezi; Lonchorhine de Fernandez; Fernandez-Schwertnase; Loncorino de Fernandez; Fernandez's Sword-nosed Bat; Fernandez's Sword-nosed Bat; Fernandez's Sword-nosed Bat; L. fernandezi