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(1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L563	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Lonchophylla concava	Lonchophylla mordax [synonym of]	Lonchophylla concava	Lonchophylla mordax [synonym of]	Lonchophylla mordax concava	Lonchophylla mordax concava	Lonchophylla concava	Lonchophylla concava	Lonchophylla concava	Lonchophylla concava	Lonchophylla concava	Lonchophylla concava	Lonchophylla concava	Lonchophylla concava	Lonchophylla concava		[HMW] Lonchophylla concava Goldman, 1914 , “Cana (altitude 2000 feet [= 610 m ]), eastern Panama .” C. O. Handley, Jr. in 1966 considered the Panamanian populations of L. concava as a subspecies of L. mordax , based on an alleged strong similarity. L. M. Davalos and S. A. Jansa in 2004 pointed out that taxonomic classification of L. mordax was complicated by existence of two distinct subspecies: Amazonian nominotypical mordax and Central American and Chocoan concava . L.. Albuja and A. L. Gardner in 2005 analyzed cranial and dental characteristics to elevate L. concava to a distinct species. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Distinct from mordax ; see Albuja and Gardner (2005).; [MDD2022] split from L. mordax; [batnames2023] Distinct from mordax ; see Albuja and Gardner (2005).; [MDD2023] split from L. mordax; [MDD2025_2.0] split from L. mordax; [batnames2025_1.7] Distinct from mordax; see Albuja and Gardner (2005).; [MDD2025_2.2] split from L. mordax														concava E				concava 	concava 			concava E. A. Goldman, 1914		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Goldman's long-tongued bat	Costa Rica, Panama, ? Peru; ref. 4.6		N/A							Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Goldman's long-tongued bat	Costa Rica, Panama, ? Peru; (in L. mordaxT)																															NA																											03A687BCFF9CFF9C13BEF6E7F855FA31	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff9fffc4ffb1ffb1133cffbaffe0f244	529	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/A6/87/03A687BCFF9CFF9C13BEF6E7F855FA31.xml	Lonchophylla concava	Phyllostomidae	Lonchophylla	concava	Goldman	1914	Lonchophylle de Goldman @fr | Goldman-Nektarfledermaus @de | Loncéfilo de Goldman @es | Central American Nectar Bat @en	Lonchophylla concava Goldman, 1914 , “Cana (altitude 2000 feet [= 610 m ]), eastern Panama .” C. O. Handley, Jr. in 1966 considered the Panamanian populations of L. concava as a subspecies of L. mordax , based on an alleged strong similarity. L. M. Davalos and S. A. Jansa in 2004 pointed out that taxonomic classification of L. mordax was complicated by existence of two distinct subspecies: Amazonian nominotypical mordax and Central American and Chocoan concava . L.. Albuja and A. L. Gardner in 2005 analyzed cranial and dental characteristics to elevate L. concava to a distinct species. Monotypic.	Throughout S Costa Rica S to Pacific lowlands of Panama , W Colombia , and coastal and Andean NW Ecuador .	Head-body 54-65 mm, tail 5-12 mm, ear 11-17 mm, hindfoot 8-12 mm, forearm 32-34-7 mm; weight 7-10 g. Greatest lengths of skulls are 22-24-2 mm. Goldman’s Nectar Bat is small, similar in size to the Brazilian Nectar Bat ( L. mordax ). Fur is short and dense. Dorsal pelage is 5-8 mm, dark brown to dark reddish brown, and distinctly bicolored with paler bases. Ventral pelage is dark gray to grayish brown, slightly paler than dorsum. Forearms are hairy at bases. Tongue is smooth, lacks filiform papillae at tip, and has deep groove on sides. Ears are short and rounded. Noseleaf is small but well developed. Uropatagium is well developed, and tail is short but always present. Wings are attached to bases of ankles, and calcar is shorter than foot. Rostrum and braincase are roughly equal in length, although rostrum is a little longer, broader, and more massive than in the Brazilian Nectar Bat. In dorsal view, braincase of Goldman's Nectar Batis slightly inflated, with supraorbital region broad and bulging (concave) and long and narrow rostrum. Zygomatic arches are lacking. Dentary is long and slender. I' are large, forwardly projected, and trilobed. Space between I, and C, is usually as wide as or wider than width of crown of I,. P* is much less extended transversely, has very small to obsolete lingual cuspule, and lacks root support for that cusp. There are reports of small, simple, single-rooted extra first upper premolar in some individuals. This simple atavistic extra premolar could be mistaken for a retained deciduous premolar; however, a deciduous premolar could be identified byits long and strongly recurved tip, and an atavistic extra premolar has shorter, uncurved tip thatis similar in shape to main cusps on P° and P*. M' and M? are similar in length and height. Molar crowns are quadrate and slightly triangular in outline. P? is large and blade-like, with reduced posterior cusp. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 28 and FN = 50.	Mainly disturbed and undisturbed lowland tropical and subtropical forests at elevations of 10-1500 m (generally below 600 m ). One record exits from a dry forest in Ecuador . Goldman's Nectar Batis frequently found in pasture edges and banana and avocado plantations adjacent to forests; it appears to be very tolerant of environmental disturbances.	Nectar, pollen, and remains of adult moths have been found in stomachs of Goldman’s Nectar Bats from Costa Rica . Species of Lonchophylla are important pollinators of many of the plants they visit; small insects that they often find in flowers they visit supplement their largely pollen diets.	In Costa Rica , one lactating Goldman’s Nectar Bat was found in March and a pregnant female in August. In Colombia , one male with scrotal testis was caught in March, coinciding with final months of local rainy season. In Ecuador , reproductively active males and pregnant females have been found in March.	Goldman’s Nectar Bat is nocturnal. It roosts in fallen logs, caves, and tunnels.	A study of morphological properties of wings of Neotropical bat species reported that Goldman’s Nectar Bat, as other members of the nectarfeeding guild, is known to be excellent at hovering. It has short, heavily loaded wings, with long tips and average aspect ratios. Perhaps in tropical forest regions where flowering is seasonal, these bats have to travel considerable distances from one flowering tree to another so long wingtips promote hovering and short broad wings facilitate maneuvering in foliage or help with the need for greater efficiency in rapid wing movement, or both. Low aspect ratios might also promote lift at low speeds. Goldman's Nectar Bats have been found with Fringe-lipped Bats ( Trachops cirrhosus ) and Seba’s Short-tailed Bats ( Carollia perspicillata ).	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Although Goldman’s Nectar Bat is not common,its wide distribution suggests that local populations are not threatened.	Albuja (1999) | Albuja & Gardner (2005) | Armstrong (1969) | Davalos & Jansa (2004) | Davis et al. (1964) | Findley et al. (1972) | Gardner et al. (1970) | Goldman (1914) | Griffiths & Gardner (2008b) | Handley (1966b) | Jones & Carter (1976) | Mantilla-Meluk et al. (2010) | Mares & Wilson (1971) | Parlos et al. (2014) | Tirira (2017) | Woodman (2007) | Woodman & Timm (2006)	https://zenodo.org/record/6458790/files/figure.png	90. Goldman's Nectar Bat Lonchophylla concava French: Lonchophylle de Goldman / German: Goldman-Nektarfledermaus / Spanish: Loncéfilo de Goldman Other common names: Central American Nectar Bat Taxonomy. Lonchophylla concava Goldman, 1914 , “Cana (altitude 2000 feet [= 610 m ]), eastern Panama .” C. O. Handley, Jr. in 1966 considered the Panamanian populations of L. concava as a subspecies of L. mordax , based on an alleged strong similarity. L. M. Davalos and S. A. Jansa in 2004 pointed out that taxonomic classification of L. mordax was complicated by existence of two distinct subspecies: Amazonian nominotypical mordax and Central American and Chocoan concava . L.. Albuja and A. L. Gardner in 2005 analyzed cranial and dental characteristics to elevate L. concava to a distinct species. Monotypic. Distribution. Throughout S Costa Rica S to Pacific lowlands of Panama , W Colombia , and coastal and Andean NW Ecuador . Descriptive notes. Head-body 54-65 mm, tail 5-12 mm, ear 11-17 mm, hindfoot 8-12 mm, forearm 32-34-7 mm; weight 7-10 g. Greatest lengths of skulls are 22-24-2 mm. Goldman’s Nectar Bat is small, similar in size to the Brazilian Nectar Bat ( L. mordax ). Fur is short and dense. Dorsal pelage is 5-8 mm, dark brown to dark reddish brown, and distinctly bicolored with paler bases. Ventral pelage is dark gray to grayish brown, slightly paler than dorsum. Forearms are hairy at bases. Tongue is smooth, lacks filiform papillae at tip, and has deep groove on sides. Ears are short and rounded. Noseleaf is small but well developed. Uropatagium is well developed, and tail is short but always present. Wings are attached to bases of ankles, and calcar is shorter than foot. Rostrum and braincase are roughly equal in length, although rostrum is a little longer, broader, and more massive than in the Brazilian Nectar Bat. In dorsal view, braincase of Goldman's Nectar Batis slightly inflated, with supraorbital region broad and bulging (concave) and long and narrow rostrum. Zygomatic arches are lacking. Dentary is long and slender. I' are large, forwardly projected, and trilobed. Space between I, and C, is usually as wide as or wider than width of crown of I,. P* is much less extended transversely, has very small to obsolete lingual cuspule, and lacks root support for that cusp. There are reports of small, simple, single-rooted extra first upper premolar in some individuals. This simple atavistic extra premolar could be mistaken for a retained deciduous premolar; however, a deciduous premolar could be identified byits long and strongly recurved tip, and an atavistic extra premolar has shorter, uncurved tip thatis similar in shape to main cusps on P° and P*. M' and M? are similar in length and height. Molar crowns are quadrate and slightly triangular in outline. P? is large and blade-like, with reduced posterior cusp. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 28 and FN = 50. Habitat. Mainly disturbed and undisturbed lowland tropical and subtropical forests at elevations of 10-1500 m (generally below 600 m ). One record exits from a dry forest in Ecuador . Goldman's Nectar Batis frequently found in pasture edges and banana and avocado plantations adjacent to forests; it appears to be very tolerant of environmental disturbances. Food and Feeding. Nectar, pollen, and remains of adult moths have been found in stomachs of Goldman’s Nectar Bats from Costa Rica . Species of Lonchophylla are important pollinators of many of the plants they visit; small insects that they often find in flowers they visit supplement their largely pollen diets. Breeding. In Costa Rica , one lactating Goldman’s Nectar Bat was found in March and a pregnant female in August. In Colombia , one male with scrotal testis was caught in March, coinciding with final months of local rainy season. In Ecuador , reproductively active males and pregnant females have been found in March. Activity patterns. Goldman’s Nectar Bat is nocturnal. It roosts in fallen logs, caves, and tunnels. Movements, Home range and Social organization. A study of morphological properties of wings of Neotropical bat species reported that Goldman’s Nectar Bat, as other members of the nectarfeeding guild, is known to be excellent at hovering. It has short, heavily loaded wings, with long tips and average aspect ratios. Perhaps in tropical forest regions where flowering is seasonal, these bats have to travel considerable distances from one flowering tree to another so long wingtips promote hovering and short broad wings facilitate maneuvering in foliage or help with the need for greater efficiency in rapid wing movement, or both. Low aspect ratios might also promote lift at low speeds. Goldman's Nectar Bats have been found with Fringe-lipped Bats ( Trachops cirrhosus ) and Seba’s Short-tailed Bats ( Carollia perspicillata ). Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Although Goldman’s Nectar Bat is not common,its wide distribution suggests that local populations are not threatened. Bibliography. Albuja (1999), Albuja & Gardner (2005), Armstrong (1969), Davalos & Jansa (2004), Davis et al. (1964), Findley et al. (1972), Gardner et al. (1970), Goldman (1914), Griffiths & Gardner (2008b), Handley (1966b), Jones & Carter (1976), Mantilla-Meluk et al. (2010), Mares & Wilson (1971), Parlos et al. (2014), Tirira (2017), Woodman (2007), Woodman & Timm (2006).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Phyllostomidae	Lonchophylla concava	Lonchophylla		concava	Goldman	1914	0	Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections	63(5): 2	Goldman's Nectar Bat	None.		W Colombia	Not listed.	Least Concern	Distinct from mordax ; see Albuja and Gardner (2005).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Lonchophylla concava	23	Goldman's Nectar Bat	Central American Nectar Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	LONCHOPHYLLINAE	LONCHOPHYLLINI	Lonchophylla	NA	concava	E. A. Goldman	1914	0	Lonchophylla_concava	Goldman, E. A. (1914). Descriptions of Five New Mammals from Panama. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 63(5), 2.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8816375#page/291/mode/1up	USNM 179621		"Cana (altitude 2000 feet [= 610 m]), eastern Panama."			concava E. A. Goldman, 1914	split from L. mordax	Woodman, N. (2007). A new species of nectar-feeding bat, genus Lonchophylla, from western Colombia and western Ecuador (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 120(3), 340-358.	Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Ecuador	North America|South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Lonchophylla_concava	0	unmatched	NA	1	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	136706	Lonchophylla concava	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	Lonchophylla	concava	Goldman, 1914		20000000	Lonchophylla concava	Least Concern		2016	2016-05-24 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern because of its wide geographic ;distribution; it may be locally rare, but there is no information on specific habitat requirements for its occurrence. This species is ;is somewhat adaptable and seems to tolerate disturbed habitats, indicating a good chance to survive possible ;impacts of habitat transformation.	This species is poorly known. Associated with lowland humid tropical forests, and has been captured in both disturbed and primary forests and along roads. It appears to be very tolerant of land use change.	No known threats to this species at present. The lowland forest west of the Andes in Colombia and Ecuador have been affected by major transformations associated to wood trade, agriculture, small-scale mining, and even human conflicts (Colombia).	It is rare in Panama, known from few records, mainly in eastern Panama (Reid 2009), and the same happens at Costa Rica (Pineda and Bernal Rodriguez pers. comm.). It is also uncommon at Colombia and Ecuador.	Unknown	This species occurs throughout Costa Rica south to west Ecuador (Albuja and Gardner 2005), inhabiting lowland tropical humid forests including a variety ;of habitat types such as pasture edges and avocado plantations (Griffiths and Gardner 2008). ;Records from Peru are erroneous (L. Davalos and P. Velazco, pers. comm.).		Terrestrial	Although the species is not an habitat specialist, efforts should be made to avoid major habitat loss. It is found in several protected areas though its range (L. Davalos, pers. comm.).	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Phyllostomidae	Lonchophylla		concava	Goldman	1914	0	Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections	63(5): 2	Goldman's Nectar Bat	None.		W Colombia	Not listed.	Least Concern	Distinct from mordax ; see Albuja and Gardner (2005).	Lonchophylla concava	1004931	23	Goldman's Nectar Bat	Central American Nectar Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Phyllostomidae	LONCHOPHYLLINAE	LONCHOPHYLLINI	Lonchophylla	NA	concava	E. A. Goldman	1914	0	Lonchophylla_concava	Goldman, E. A. (1914). Descriptions of Five New Mammals from Panama. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 63(5), 2.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8816375#page/291/mode/1up	USNM 179621		"Cana (altitude 2000 feet [= 610 m]), eastern Panama."			concava E. A. Goldman, 1914	split from L. mordax	Woodman, N. (2007). A new species of nectar-feeding bat, genus Lonchophylla, from western Colombia and western Ecuador (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 120(3), 340-358.				Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Ecuador	North America|South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Lonchophylla_concava	0	unmatched	NA	1	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Lonchophylla_concava	1004931	23	Goldman's Nectar Bat	Central American Nectar Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Phyllostomidae	Lonchophyllinae	Lonchophyllini	Lonchophylla	NA	concava	E. A. Goldman	0	Lonchophylla concava	Goldman, E.A. 1914-03-14. Descriptions of five new mammals from Panama. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 63:1-7.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8816376	USNM:MAMM:179621	holotype	http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3993edd92-0351-43d6-a2af-0d387c6fa17d	"Cana (altitude 2000 feet [= 610 m]), eastern Panama."			split from L. mordax	Woodman, N. (2007). A new species of nectar-feeding bat, genus Lonchophylla, from western Colombia and western Ecuador (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 120(3), 340-358.				Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Ecuador	North America|South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Lonchophylla_concava	0	unmatched	NA	1	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Phyllostomidae	Lonchophylla		concava	Goldman	1914	0	Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections	63(5): 2	Goldman's Nectar Bat	None.		W Colombia	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136706/22036934/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Distinct from mordax; see Albuja and Gardner (2005).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Lonchophylla concava; Lonchophylla concava; Lonchophylla concava; Lonchophylla concava; Lonchophylla concava; concava E; Lonchophylle de Goldman; Goldman-Nektarfledermaus; Loncéfilo de Goldman; Central American Nectar Bat; Goldman's Nectar Bat; Central American Nectar Bat; Goldman's Nectar Bat; L. concava