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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L558	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Lichonycteris degener	Lichonycteris degener	Lichonycteris obscura [synonym of]	Lichonycteris obscura [synonym of]	N/A	Lichonycteris obscura [synonym of]	Lichonycteris degener	Lichonycteris degener	Lichonycteris degener	Lichonycteris degener	Lichonycteris degener	Lichonycteris degener	Lichonycteris degener	Lichonycteris degener	Lichonycteris degener		[HMW] Lichonycteris degener G. S. Miller, 1931 , “Para,” Parj, Brazil . Although based on a South American specimen, J. E. Hill in 1986 synonymized L. degener under Ll. obscura . Taxonomic changes suggested by T. A. Griffiths and A. L. Gardner in 2008 again differentiate L. obscura from L. degener , based on cheekteeth morphology and distribution of L. degener east of the Andes. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Distinct from obscura ; see Gardner (2007); [MDD2022] split from L. obscura; [IUCN] <span>The species was previously included within Lepus. obscura , it is now recognized as a valid species (Gardner 2008).; [batnames2023] Distinct from obscura ; see Gardner (2007); [MDD2023] split from L. obscura; [MDD2025_2.0] split from L. obscura; [batnames2025_1.7] Distinct from obscura; see Gardner (2007); [MDD2025_2.2] split from L. obscura														degener	<span>The species was previously included within Lepus. obscura , it is now recognized as a valid species (Gardner 2008).			degener 	degener, deneger			degener G. S. Miller, 1931|deneger N. R. dos Reis, 1984 [incorrect subsequent spelling]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		NE Brazil	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Lichonycteris degener	Brazil, Para, Belem (=Para).	Miller	1931	J. Mammal., 12:411.																																				NA																											03A687BCFF99FF9816B1F8D8FE85F39B	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff9fffc4ffb1ffb1133cffbaffe0f244	524	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/A6/87/03A687BCFF99FF9816B1F8D8FE85F39B.xml	Lichonycteris degener	Phyllostomidae	Lichonycteris	degener	G. S. Miller	1931	Lichonyctére du Brésil @fr | Hellbraune Langzungenfledermaus @de | Liconicteriode Brasil @es | Pale Brown Long-nosed Bat @en	Lichonycteris degener G. S. Miller, 1931 , “Para,” Parj, Brazil . Although based on a South American specimen, J. E. Hill in 1986 synonymized L. degener under Ll. obscura . Taxonomic changes suggested by T. A. Griffiths and A. L. Gardner in 2008 again differentiate L. obscura from L. degener , based on cheekteeth morphology and distribution of L. degener east of the Andes. Monotypic.	Recorded from E Colombia , N Venezuela , Guyana , French Guiana, N & E Brazil , E Ecuador , E Peru , and C Bolivia . Reported from Suriname , but this could be a mistaken locality, probably a confusion between Dutch Guiana and the Dutch Colony in E Pernambuco , Brazil , considering travels made by the collector of the specimen.	Head—body 46-55 mm, tail 6-10 mm, ear 10-6 mm (from dried specimen), hindfoot 8: 6 mm , forearm 33-35 mm; weight 6-10 g. The Pale Brown Long-tongued Bat is small. Dorsum is blackish or dark brown, with clearly tricolored hairs having dark gray to black bases, whitish middles, and dark tips. Underparts are dark gray-brown,slightly paler than dorsum. Muzzle is slightly elongated; lower jaw extends just beyond upper jaw. Noseleaf is small (c. 4 mm tall). Tail is shorter than naked uropatagium. Wings attach to feet, near bases of toes. Dental formula for species of Lichonycterisis12/0,C1/1,P 2/3, M 2/2 ( x2 ) = 26. Anteroposterior length of Cis about equalto or longer than anteroposterior length of P,; anteroposterior length of M, is equal to orless than 1-3 mm.	Primary and secondary evergreen forests and savannas from lowlandsto elevations of ¢. 600 m .	The Pale Brown Long-tongued Bat supposedly feeds on pollen and nectar and occasionally insects and small fruits as other species of Lichonycteris . One individual was captured with unidentified grains of pollen on its hair.	Pregnant Pale Brown Long-tongued Bats have been captured in August ( Brazil ) and October ( Ecuador ).	No information.	No information.	Not assessed on The IUCN Red List. The Pale Brown Longtongued Bat was recently separated from the Dark Long-tongued Bat ( M. obscura ), which is classified as Least Concern. In Brazil , the Pale Brown Long-tongued Bat is listed as data deficient. In general, it is rare in its known distribution.	Gardner (1977b) | Griffiths & Gardner (2008a) | Hill (1986a) | Mantilla-Meluk, Jiménez-Ortega & Baker (2009b) | Reid et al. (2000) | Reis (1984) | Reis & Peracchi (1987) | Reis et al. (2017) | Taddei & Pedro (1993) | Zortéa et al. (1998)	https://zenodo.org/record/6458770/files/figure.png	80. Pale Brown Long-tongued Bat Lichonycteris degener French: Lichonyctére du Brésil / German: Hellbraune Langzungenfledermaus / Spanish: Liconicterio de Brasil Other common names: Pale Brown Long-nosed Bat Taxonomy. Lichonycteris degener G. S. Miller, 1931 , “Para,” Parj, Brazil . Although based on a South American specimen, J. E. Hill in 1986 synonymized L. degener under Ll. obscura . Taxonomic changes suggested by T. A. Griffiths and A. L. Gardner in 2008 again differentiate L. obscura from L. degener , based on cheekteeth morphology and distribution of L. degener east of the Andes. Monotypic. Distribution. Recorded from E Colombia , N Venezuela , Guyana , French Guiana, N & E Brazil , E Ecuador , E Peru , and C Bolivia . Reported from Suriname , but this could be a mistaken locality, probably a confusion between Dutch Guiana and the Dutch Colony in E Pernambuco , Brazil , considering travels made by the collector of the specimen. Descriptive notes. Head—body 46-55 mm, tail 6-10 mm, ear 10-6 mm (from dried specimen), hindfoot 8: 6 mm , forearm 33-35 mm; weight 6-10 g. The Pale Brown Long-tongued Bat is small. Dorsum is blackish or dark brown, with clearly tricolored hairs having dark gray to black bases, whitish middles, and dark tips. Underparts are dark gray-brown,slightly paler than dorsum. Muzzle is slightly elongated; lower jaw extends just beyond upper jaw. Noseleaf is small (c. 4 mm tall). Tail is shorter than naked uropatagium. Wings attach to feet, near bases of toes. Dental formula for species of Lichonycterisis12/0,C1/1,P 2/3, M 2/2 ( x2 ) = 26. Anteroposterior length of Cis about equalto or longer than anteroposterior length of P,; anteroposterior length of M, is equal to orless than 1-3 mm. Habitat. Primary and secondary evergreen forests and savannas from lowlandsto elevations of ¢. 600 m . Food and Feeding. The Pale Brown Long-tongued Bat supposedly feeds on pollen and nectar and occasionally insects and small fruits as other species of Lichonycteris . One individual was captured with unidentified grains of pollen on its hair. Breeding. Pregnant Pale Brown Long-tongued Bats have been captured in August ( Brazil ) and October ( Ecuador ). Activity patterns. No information. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Not assessed on The IUCN Red List. The Pale Brown Longtongued Bat was recently separated from the Dark Long-tongued Bat ( M. obscura ), which is classified as Least Concern. In Brazil , the Pale Brown Long-tongued Bat is listed as data deficient. In general, it is rare in its known distribution. Bibliography. Gardner (1977b), Griffiths & Gardner (2008a), Hill (1986a), Mantilla-Meluk, Jiménez-Ortega & Baker (2009b), Reid et al. (2000), Reis (1984), Reis & Peracchi (1987), Reis et al. (2017), Taddei & Pedro (1993), Zortéa et al. (1998).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Phyllostomidae	Lichonycteris degener	Lichonycteris		degener	Miller	1931	0	J. Mammal.	12(4): 411	Common Long-tongued Bat	None.	Brazil, Para, Belem	Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, and south into Bolivia and Brazil.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Distinct from obscura ; see Gardner (2007)	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Lichonycteris degener	23	Pale Brown Long-tongued Bat	Pale Brown Long-nosed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	GLOSSOPHAGINAE	CHOERONYCTERINI	Lichonycteris	NA	degener	G. S. Miller	1931	0	Lichonycteris_degener	Miller, G. S., Jr. (1931). Two New South American Bats. Journal of Mammalogy, 12, 411.	https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-abstract/12/4/411/821788	USNM 239520		"Para," Pará, Brazil.			degener G. S. Miller, 1931	split from L. obscura	Griffiths, T. A., & A. L. Gardner. 2008. Subfamily Glossophaginae Bonaparte, 1845. Pp. 224-244 in Mammals of South America. Volume 1. Marsupials, Xenarthrans, Shrews, and Bats (Gardner, A. L., ed.). The University of Chicago Press. Chicago.	Colombia|Venezuela|Guyana|Suriname?|French Guiana|Brazil|Ecuador|Peru|Bolivia	South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Lichonycteris_degener	0	unmatched	NA	1	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	90000000	Lichonycteris degener	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	Lichonycteris	degener	Miller, 1931	<span>The species was previously included within Lepus. obscura , it is now recognized as a valid species (Gardner 2008).	90000000	Lichonycteris degener	Least Concern		2019	2016-07-12 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Least Concern because of its wide and almost continuous distribution through the ;Amazonian ;lowlands. However, the species is rare locally, but that could be an artifact of sampling and lack of knowledge on its specific ecological requirements.	In general, most records come from dense rainforest areas (Koopman 1981), with almost no data on roost selection. In Peru, specimens were netted in mature evergreen forest near the edge of a village clearing, and near flowering bushes in a yard (Griffiths and Gardner 2008). In Venezuela, they were netted in humid tropical forest at 150 m elevation (Handley 1976).	Threats to this species are unknown.	This is ;a little known species that is rare in nature, and poorly represented in collections.	Unknown	Lichonycteris degener is recorded south and east of the Andes from Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil (Griffiths and Gardner 2008).		Terrestrial	This species is present through a large area, but with few records as to document its presence throughout that geographic extension. Several protected natural areas occur at the Amazonian lowlands of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, as well as on northern Brazil.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Phyllostomidae	Lichonycteris		degener	Miller	1931	0	J. Mammal.	12(4): 411	Common Long-tongued Bat	None.	Brazil, Para, Belem	Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, and south into Bolivia and Brazil.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Distinct from obscura ; see Gardner (2007)	Lichonycteris degener	1004905	23	Pale Brown Long-tongued Bat	Pale Brown Long-nosed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Phyllostomidae	GLOSSOPHAGINAE	CHOERONYCTERINI	Lichonycteris	NA	degener	G. S. Miller	1931	0	Lichonycteris_degener	Miller, G. S., Jr. (1931). Two New South American Bats. Journal of Mammalogy, 12, 411.	https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-abstract/12/4/411/821788	USNM 239520		"Para," Pará, Brazil.			degener G. S. Miller, 1931	split from L. obscura	Griffiths, T. A., & A. L. Gardner. 2008. Subfamily Glossophaginae Bonaparte, 1845. Pp. 224-244 in Mammals of South America. Volume 1. Marsupials, Xenarthrans, Shrews, and Bats (Gardner, A. L., ed.). The University of Chicago Press. Chicago.				Colombia|Venezuela|Guyana|Suriname?|French Guiana|Brazil|Ecuador|Peru|Bolivia	South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Lichonycteris_degener	0	unmatched	NA	1	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Lichonycteris_degener	1004905	23	Pale Brown Long-tongued Bat	Pale Brown Long-nosed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Phyllostomidae	Glossophaginae	Choeronycterini	Lichonycteris	NA	degener	G. S. Miller	0	Lichonycteris degener	Miller, G.S., Jr. 1931-11-11. Two new South American bats. Journal of Mammalogy 12(4):411-412.	https://www.jstor.org/stable/1373771	USNM:MAMM:239520	holotype	http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3bba886a1-3ad7-4000-8c2b-852e77dccf06	"Para," Pará, Brazil.			split from L. obscura	Griffiths, T. A., & A. L. Gardner. 2008. Subfamily Glossophaginae Bonaparte, 1845. Pp. 224-244 in Mammals of South America. Volume 1. Marsupials, Xenarthrans, Shrews, and Bats (Gardner, A. L., ed.). The University of Chicago Press. Chicago.				Colombia|Venezuela|Guyana|Suriname?|French Guiana|Brazil|Ecuador|Peru|Bolivia	South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Lichonycteris_degener	0	unmatched	NA	1	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Phyllostomidae	Lichonycteris		degener	Miller	1931	0	J. Mammal.	12(4): 411	Common Long-tongued Bat	None.	Brazil, Para, Belem	Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, and south into Bolivia and Brazil.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/88120307/88120310/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Distinct from obscura; see Gardner (2007)		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	Choeronycterina	Lichonycteris degener; Lichonycteris degener; Lichonycteris degener; Lichonycteris degener; Lichonycteris degener; degener; Lichonyctére du Brésil; Hellbraune Langzungenfledermaus; Liconicteriode Brasil; Pale Brown Long-nosed Bat; Pale Brown Long-tongued Bat; Pale Brown Long-nosed Bat; Common Long-tongued Bat; L. degener