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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L556	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	Leptonycteris nivalis [synonym of]	Leptonycteris yerbabuenae	Leptonycteris curasoae [synonym of]	Leptonycteris yerbabuenae	Leptonycteris yerbabuenae	Leptonycteris yerbabuenae	Leptonycteris yerbabuenae	Leptonycteris yerbabuenae	Leptonycteris yerbabuenae	Leptonycteris yerbabuenae	Leptonycteris yerbabuenae	Leptonycteris yerbabuenae	Leptonycteris yerbabuenae	Leptonycteris yerbabuenae		[MSW3] Included in curasoae by Koopman (1993), but see Watkins et al. (1972), Hall (1981), Koopman (1994), and Simmons and Wetterer (2002). The name sanborni has been used widely in the literature for this species, but is a junior synonym. A neotype for yerbabuenae was designated by Arita and Humphrey (1988).; [HMW] is now well sorted out. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Included in curasoae by Koopman (1993), but see Watkins et al. (1972), Hall (1981), Koopman (1994), and Simmons and Wetterer (2002).The name sanborni has been used widely in the literature for this species, but is a junior synonym. A neotype for yerbabuenae was designated by Arita and Humphrey (1988).; [IUCN] Formerly it was treated as a subspecies of L. curasoae (see Simmons 2005). Arita and Humphrey (1988) determined that sanborni is a junior synonym of yerbabuenae and that yerbabuenae is a subspecies of L. curasoae . Koopman (in Wilson and Reeder 1993) used the name L. curasoae for the species occurring in the southwestern United States. Simmons (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) cited references supporting her listing of L. curasoae and L. yerbabuenae as distinct species; the latter species is the one occurring in the United States. ; ; Prior to 1962 specimens of what was then known as L. sanborni were reported as L. nivalis .; [batnames2023] Included in curasoae by Koopman (1993), but see Watkins et al. (1972), Hall (1981), Koopman (1994), and Simmons and Wetterer (2002).The name sanborni has been used widely in the literature for this species, but is a junior synonym. A neotype for yerbabuenae was designated by Arita and Humphrey (1988).; [batnames2025_1.7] Included in curasoae by Koopman (1993), but see Watkins et al. (1972), Hall (1981), Koopman (1994), and Simmons and Wetterer (2002).The name sanborni has been used widely in the literature for this species, but is a junior synonym. A neotype for yerbabuenaewas designated by Arita and Humphrey (1988).					(sanborni)				sanborni			yerbabuenae 	yerbabuenae - sanborni	yerbabuenae , sanborni	Formerly it was treated as a subspecies of L. curasoae (see Simmons 2005). Arita and Humphrey (1988) determined that sanborni is a junior synonym of yerbabuenae and that yerbabuenae is a subspecies of L. curasoae . Koopman (in Wilson and Reeder 1993) used the name L. curasoae for the species occurring in the southwestern United States. Simmons (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) cited references supporting her listing of L. curasoae and L. yerbabuenae as distinct species; the latter species is the one occurring in the United States. ; ; Prior to 1962 specimens of what was then known as L. sanborni were reported as L. nivalis .	yerbabuenae 	yerbabuenae - sanborni	yerbabuenae, sanborni 	yerbabuenae, sanborni 	yerbabuenae	yerbabuenae - sanborni	yerbabuenae L. Martínez & Villa-Ramírez, 1940|sanborni Hoffmeister, 1957						N/A					Distribution: Range from Arizona and northeastern Mexico to Salvador.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Little long-nosed bat	S Arizona, New Mexico – El Salvador; in L. curasoae ?; ref. 4.149; V									MARTINEZ & VILLA-R	1940	Size medium (forearm length, 50-56 mm; condylobasal length, 25-27 mm). Dentition relatively light. Fur short and dense. Uropatagium nearly naked. Upper incisors with a median gap.	Distribution: Range from Arizona and northeastern Mexico to Salvador.	No subspecies.		81	species	L. yerbabuenae	MARTINEZ & VILLA-R	1940	Leptonycteris	genus	Leptonycteris yerbabuenae				Size medium (forearm length, 50-56 mm; condylobasal length, 25-27 mm). Dentition relatively light. Fur short and dense. Uropatagium nearly naked. Upper incisors with a median gap.	No subspecies.		1. L. yerbabuenae MARTINEZ & VILLA-R 1940 (=sanborni HOFFMEISTER 1957).	1	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Phyllostomidae	Glossophaginae	Glossophagini	Leptonycteris yerbabuenae	Leptonycteris		yerbabuenae	Martínez and Villa-R		1940		Anal. Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Auto. Mexico	11		313		Lesser Long-nosed Bat	Mexico, Guerrero, Yerbabuena.	C California, S Arizona, and New Mexico (USA) to Honduras and El Salvador	U.S. ESA – Endangered as L. curasoae yerbabuenae. IUCN 2003 – Not listed; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	sanborni Hoffmeister, 1957.	Included in curasoae by Koopman (1993), but see Watkins et al. (1972), Hall (1981), Koopman (1994), and Simmons and Wetterer (2002). The name sanborni has been used widely in the literature for this species, but is a junior synonym. A neotype for yerbabuenae was designated by Arita and Humphrey (1988).	03A687BCFFAFFFAE16ABF549F777F323	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff9fffc4ffb1ffb1133cffbaffe0f244	514	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/A6/87/03A687BCFFAFFFAE16ABF549F777F323.xml	Leptonycteris yerbabuenae	Phyllostomidae	Leptonycteris	yerbabuenae		1940	Petit Leptonyctére @fr | Kleine Mexiko-Blitenfledermaus @de | Leptonicteriopequeno @es | Sanborn’s Long-nosed Bat @en | Tequila Bat @en	is now well sorted out. Monotypic.	SW USA (S Arizona and SW New Mexico ), most of Mexico (from Baja California E to Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas , and S to Veracruz and Chiapas ), and Central America in Guatemala , El Salvador , and W Honduras .	Head-body 74-90 mm (no externaltail), ear 16-21 mm, hindfoot 15-19 mm, forearm 51-55 mm; weight 15-28 g. The Lesser Long-nosed Bat is medium-sized for a phyllostomid, large for a New World nectarfeeding bat, and small for a species of Leptonycteris . Fur on back is mid-length and grayish brown to cinnamon; venter is paler. Rostrum is slightly elongated. Tongue is long, and its tip has elongated papillae that help “mop” nectar from inside flowers. Noseleaf is small and triangular. Eyes are large, and ears are small, separate, and triangular. Lower lip has V-shaped groove that serves as a receptacle for tongue as it moves in and out of the mouth. There is no external tail, but it is composed of three small caudal vertebrae. Uropatagium 1s narrow and almost completely naked. Calcar is short. Terminal third phalanx of third finger, the longest finger of the wing, is shorter than 15 mm . Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FN = 60. X-chromosome is medium-small submetacentric, and Y-chromosome is minute acrocentric.	Primarily dry tropical and desert habitats, from tropical deciduous forests to deserts and mixed forests, up to elevations of ¢. 2500 m (but mostly below 1000 m ). Lesser Long-nosed Bats are associated primarily with deserts and dry tropical forests but can occur in other ecosystems. At mid-elevations, Lesser Long-nosed Bats can coexist with its sympatric congener, the Greater Long-nosed Bat ( L. nivalis ).	The Lesser.ong-nosed Bat feeds on nectar, pollen, and soft fruits. In Mexico and the USA , diet includes nectar, pollen, and fruit of many species of columnar cacti. It also eats nectar and pollen of many other plant species of Bombacaceae , Convolvulaceae , and Leguminosae. Spatiotemporally, diet can be dominated by columnar cacti such as saguaro ( Carnegiea gigantea), giant cardon ( Pachycereus pringler), and organ pipe ( Stenocereus thurberi) in summer in the Sonoran Desert; agaves ( Agave spp.) in spring and autumn at mid-elevations, including tequila agave for which it is a primary pollinator, thus one of its common names, Tequila Bat; and morning glory trees ( Ipomoea arborescens and others, Convolvulaceae ) and trees from the Malvaceae family (e.g. Pseudobombax ellipticum, Ceiba pentandra) in winter in tropical dry forests of western and southern Mexico . They also eat soft, juicy, sweet fruits, including those of several columnar cacti, such as garambullo ( Myrtillocactus geometrizans) and pitaya or organ pipe (S. thurber). Given spatiotemporal predictability of columnar cactus nectar and pollen, Lesser Long-nosed Bats tend to forage singly although several bats will forage around the same flowering cacti and chase each other. When resources are unpredictable, other bats including Fisheating Myotis ( Myotis vivesi) tend to forage in groups and maintain social communication among individuals. In Sonora , Mexico , Lesser Long-nosed Bats make an estimated 80-100 visits to cactus flowers to acquire 80 Kk] of energy needed every night.	Lesser Long-nosed Bats seem to be polygynous. Females carry one embryo. There are two spatiotemporally segregated birth peaks: non-migratory females give birth to young in winter in dry forests ofwestern and southern Mexico , and migratory females give birth peak in summer in the Sonoran Desert of north-western Mexico and southwestern USA . Reproductive males smear their backs with feces, urine,saliva, and other products or metabolic byproducts. Resulting sebaceous, odiferous patch is very attractive to females and causes males with a more symmetrical patch to have fewer ectoparasites and presumably greater reproductive success than those with less symmetrical patches. Females move young to nurseries in the same cave before leaving to forage at night.	Lesser Long-nosed Bats tend to leave their roosts c.1 hour after dusk. They fly long distances to foraging areas and remain active for an average of 6-6 hours/night, longer than other bats such as foliage gleaners: Fish-eating Myotis , Greater Myotis (M. myotis), Greater Mouse-tailed Bats (Rhinopoma microphyllum), and Egyptian Rousettes ( Rousettus aegyptiacus). Movements are rather predictable, and they follow the same route and feed in the same areas night after night. They roost primarily in caves but also culverts, mines, and buildings.	Lesser Long-nosed Bats live in large colonies of thousands of individuals. They move seasonally, and some females embark in a northward migration while pregnant to give birth in late spring or early summer in the Sonoran Desert of Baja California , Sonora , and Arizona. Summer maternity colonies are abandoned in autumn, and winters are spent in dry tropical forests of western, central, and southern Mexico . Another group of females remain year-round in western or central Mexico , giving birth to their offspring in winter. Reproductive females fly at least 50 km from roosts to foraging areas and back every night. Their route and foraging areas remain constant night after night. Individual foraging areas have been estimated at 0-24 km. Lesser Long-nosed Bats share roosts with many other bat species including the Greater Long-nosed Bat, the Mexican Long-tongued Bat ( Choeronycteris mexicana ), Pallas’s Long-tongued Bat ( Glossophaga soricina ), the Californian Leaf-nosed Bat ( Macrotus californicus ), the Little Big-eared Bat ( Micronycteris megalotis ), the Jamaican Fruit-eating Bat ( Artibeus jamaicensis ), Seba’s Short-tailed Bat, the Common Vampire Bat ( Desmodus rotundus ), the Hairy-legged Vampire Bat ( Diphylla ecaudata ), Peters’s Ghost-faced Bat ( Mormoops megalophylla), Parnell’s Common Mustached Bat ( Pteronotus parnellir), Davy’s Naked-backed Bat (P£. davyi), Townsend’s Big-eared Bat ( Corynorhinus townsendii), the Cave Myotis ( Myotis velifer), the Fringed Myotis (M. thysanodes), the Haired-legged Myotis (M. keaysi), the Brazilian Free-tailed Bat (Tadarida brasiliensis ), and the Mexican Funneleared Bat ( Natalus mexicanus ) and others.	Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Lesser Long-nosed Bat was listed as endangered in the USA in 1988 and threatened in Mexico in 1993. After a recovery program was implemented in the 1990s, it was delisted in Mexico in 2013 and in the USA in 2018.	Arita & Humphrey (1988) | Cole & Wilson (2006b) | Egert-Berg et al. (2018) | Frick et al. (2018) | Horner et al. (1998) | Medellin & Torres-Knoop (2012) | Medellin et al. (2018)	https://zenodo.org/record/6458712/files/figure.png	56. Lesser Long-nosed Bat Leptonycteris yerbabuenae French: Petit Leptonyctére / German: Kleine Mexiko-Blitenfledermaus / Spanish: Leptonicterio pequeno Other common names: Sanborn’s Long-nosed Bat , Tequila Bat Taxonomy. Leptonycteris nivalis yerbabuenae L. Martinez & Villa, 1940 , “Yerbabuena, Estado de Guerrero ,” Mexico . Taxonomy of L. yerbabuenae was confused during several decades of the 20™ century. As a result, papers referring to L. yerbabuenae have been published under the names L. curasoae , L. sanborni , and L. nivalis . Leptonyctenis yerbabuenae was described originally as a subspecies of L. nivalis and then as a subspecies under the name L. n. sanborni , which was used by several authors. Eventually, it was recognized that those animals did not belong in L. nivalis but were a distinct species, which is how the oldest available name ( L. yerbabuenae ) came to be the name currently used. Taxonomy is now well sorted out. Monotypic. Distribution. SW USA (S Arizona and SW New Mexico ), most of Mexico (from Baja California E to Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas , and S to Veracruz and Chiapas ), and Central America in Guatemala , El Salvador , and W Honduras . Descriptive notes. Head-body 74-90 mm (no externaltail), ear 16-21 mm, hindfoot 15-19 mm, forearm 51-55 mm; weight 15-28 g. The Lesser Long-nosed Bat is medium-sized for a phyllostomid, large for a New World nectarfeeding bat, and small for a species of Leptonycteris . Fur on back is mid-length and grayish brown to cinnamon; venter is paler. Rostrum is slightly elongated. Tongue is long, and its tip has elongated papillae that help “mop” nectar from inside flowers. Noseleaf is small and triangular. Eyes are large, and ears are small, separate, and triangular. Lower lip has V-shaped groove that serves as a receptacle for tongue as it moves in and out of the mouth. There is no external tail, but it is composed of three small caudal vertebrae. Uropatagium 1s narrow and almost completely naked. Calcar is short. Terminal third phalanx of third finger, the longest finger of the wing, is shorter than 15 mm . Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FN = 60. X-chromosome is medium-small submetacentric, and Y-chromosome is minute acrocentric. Habitat. Primarily dry tropical and desert habitats, from tropical deciduous forests to deserts and mixed forests, up to elevations of ¢. 2500 m (but mostly below 1000 m ). Lesser Long-nosed Bats are associated primarily with deserts and dry tropical forests but can occur in other ecosystems. At mid-elevations, Lesser Long-nosed Bats can coexist with its sympatric congener, the Greater Long-nosed Bat ( L. nivalis ). Food and Feeding. The Lesser.ong-nosed Bat feeds on nectar, pollen, and soft fruits. In Mexico and the USA , diet includes nectar, pollen, and fruit of many species of columnar cacti. It also eats nectar and pollen of many other plant species of Bombacaceae , Convolvulaceae , and Leguminosae. Spatiotemporally, diet can be dominated by columnar cacti such as saguaro ( Carnegiea gigantea), giant cardon ( Pachycereus pringler), and organ pipe ( Stenocereus thurberi) in summer in the Sonoran Desert; agaves ( Agave spp.) in spring and autumn at mid-elevations, including tequila agave for which it is a primary pollinator, thus one of its common names, Tequila Bat; and morning glory trees ( Ipomoea arborescens and others, Convolvulaceae ) and trees from the Malvaceae family (e.g. Pseudobombax ellipticum, Ceiba pentandra) in winter in tropical dry forests of western and southern Mexico . They also eat soft, juicy, sweet fruits, including those of several columnar cacti, such as garambullo ( Myrtillocactus geometrizans) and pitaya or organ pipe (S. thurber). Given spatiotemporal predictability of columnar cactus nectar and pollen, Lesser Long-nosed Bats tend to forage singly although several bats will forage around the same flowering cacti and chase each other. When resources are unpredictable, other bats including Fisheating Myotis ( Myotis vivesi) tend to forage in groups and maintain social communication among individuals. In Sonora , Mexico , Lesser Long-nosed Bats make an estimated 80-100 visits to cactus flowers to acquire 80 Kk] of energy needed every night. Breeding. Lesser Long-nosed Bats seem to be polygynous. Females carry one embryo. There are two spatiotemporally segregated birth peaks: non-migratory females give birth to young in winter in dry forests ofwestern and southern Mexico , and migratory females give birth peak in summer in the Sonoran Desert of north-western Mexico and southwestern USA . Reproductive males smear their backs with feces, urine,saliva, and other products or metabolic byproducts. Resulting sebaceous, odiferous patch is very attractive to females and causes males with a more symmetrical patch to have fewer ectoparasites and presumably greater reproductive success than those with less symmetrical patches. Females move young to nurseries in the same cave before leaving to forage at night. Activity patterns. Lesser Long-nosed Bats tend to leave their roosts c.1 hour after dusk. They fly long distances to foraging areas and remain active for an average of 6-6 hours/night, longer than other bats such as foliage gleaners: Fish-eating Myotis , Greater Myotis (M. myotis), Greater Mouse-tailed Bats (Rhinopoma microphyllum), and Egyptian Rousettes ( Rousettus aegyptiacus). Movements are rather predictable, and they follow the same route and feed in the same areas night after night. They roost primarily in caves but also culverts, mines, and buildings. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Lesser Long-nosed Bats live in large colonies of thousands of individuals. They move seasonally, and some females embark in a northward migration while pregnant to give birth in late spring or early summer in the Sonoran Desert of Baja California , Sonora , and Arizona. Summer maternity colonies are abandoned in autumn, and winters are spent in dry tropical forests of western, central, and southern Mexico . Another group of females remain year-round in western or central Mexico , giving birth to their offspring in winter. Reproductive females fly at least 50 km from roosts to foraging areas and back every night. Their route and foraging areas remain constant night after night. Individual foraging areas have been estimated at 0-24 km. Lesser Long-nosed Bats share roosts with many other bat species including the Greater Long-nosed Bat, the Mexican Long-tongued Bat ( Choeronycteris mexicana ), Pallas’s Long-tongued Bat ( Glossophaga soricina ), the Californian Leaf-nosed Bat ( Macrotus californicus ), the Little Big-eared Bat ( Micronycteris megalotis ), the Jamaican Fruit-eating Bat ( Artibeus jamaicensis ), Seba’s Short-tailed Bat, the Common Vampire Bat ( Desmodus rotundus ), the Hairy-legged Vampire Bat ( Diphylla ecaudata ), Peters’s Ghost-faced Bat ( Mormoops megalophylla), Parnell’s Common Mustached Bat ( Pteronotus parnellir), Davy’s Naked-backed Bat (P£. davyi), Townsend’s Big-eared Bat ( Corynorhinus townsendii), the Cave Myotis ( Myotis velifer), the Fringed Myotis (M. thysanodes), the Haired-legged Myotis (M. keaysi), the Brazilian Free-tailed Bat (Tadarida brasiliensis ), and the Mexican Funneleared Bat ( Natalus mexicanus ) and others. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Lesser Long-nosed Bat was listed as endangered in the USA in 1988 and threatened in Mexico in 1993. After a recovery program was implemented in the 1990s, it was delisted in Mexico in 2013 and in the USA in 2018. Bibliography. Arita & Humphrey (1988), Cole & Wilson (2006b), Egert-Berg et al. (2018), Frick et al. (2018), Horner et al. (1998), Medellin & Torres-Knoop (2012), Medellin et al. (2018).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Phyllostomidae	Leptonycteris yerbabuenae	Leptonycteris		yerbabuenae	Mart&iacute;nez and Villa-R	1940	0	Anal. Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Auto. Mexico	0.6757	Lesser Long-nosed Bat	 sanborni Hoffmeister, 1957.	Mexico, Guerrero, Yerbabuena.	C California, S Arizona, and New Mexico (USA) to Honduras and El Salvador	Not listed.	Near Threatened	Included in curasoae by Koopman (1993), but see Watkins et al. (1972), Hall (1981), Koopman (1994), and Simmons and Wetterer (2002).The name sanborni has been used widely in the literature for this species, but is a junior synonym. A neotype for yerbabuenae was designated by Arita and Humphrey (1988).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Leptonycteris yerbabuenae	23	Lesser Long-nosed Bat	Sanborn's Long-nosed Bat|Tequila Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	GLOSSOPHAGINAE	GLOSSOPHAGINI	Leptonycteris	NA	yerbabuenae	L. Martínez & Villa-R.	1940	0	Leptonycteris_nivalis_yerbabuenae	Martínez, L. & R. Villa, B. (1940). Segunda contribución al conocimiento de los murciélagos mexicanos. II. Estado de Guerrero. Anales del Instituto de Biologia Universidad Nacional Autonoma Mexico, 11, 313.		IBUNAM (CNMA) 9216 [neotype]		"Yerbabuena, Estado de Guerrero," Mexico.			yerbabuenae L. Martínez & Villa-R., 1940|sanborni Hoffmeister, 1957	NA	NA	United States|Mexico|Guatemala|El Salvador|Honduras|Nicaragua	North America	Nearctic|Neotropic	NT	0	0	0	Leptonycteris_yerbabuenae	0	sciname match	Leptonycteris_yerbabuenae	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	136659	Leptonycteris yerbabuenae	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	Leptonycteris	yerbabuenae	Martínez &; Villa-R, 1940	Formerly it was treated as a subspecies of L. curasoae (see Simmons 2005). Arita and Humphrey (1988) determined that sanborni is a junior synonym of yerbabuenae and that yerbabuenae is a subspecies of L. curasoae . Koopman (in Wilson and Reeder 1993) used the name L. curasoae for the species occurring in the southwestern United States. Simmons (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) cited references supporting her listing of L. curasoae and L. yerbabuenae as distinct species; the latter species is the one occurring in the United States. ; ; Prior to 1962 specimens of what was then known as L. sanborni were reported as L. nivalis .	20000000	Leptonycteris yerbabuenae	Near Threatened		2016	2015-03-23 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Despite current large population size, this species faces significant threats from disturbance and vandalism at roost sites and from loss of food resources as a result of habitat destruction and degradation. Over the last three generations (18 years) a population decline of almost 10% is estimated (R. Medellin pers. comm.), but it is not sufficient to include the species under a threatened category. However, its area of occupancy is less than 500 km² and the continuing decline of habitat quality stays at values of round 10% over most of its geographic range. These conditions lead the species to being listed in the Near Threatened category, as it is close to qualifying as Endangered based on criterion B2b(iii).	This species occurs in thorn scrub and deciduous forest. Its range corresponds closely to the distribution of the mezcal plant (Agave angustifolia ) in Mexico (Arita 1991). This bat roosts in caves and mines, often in colonies of several thousand. It emerges about an hour after sunset to feed on nectar and pollen of agaves and saguaro cactus in Arizona. It lands on the flowers or may hover for short periods to feed. Plant species visited in central Mexico are similar to those for Leptonycteris nivalis . Some fruit and insects are also taken. Night roosts, including buildings, are used after feeding (Reid 1997). Northern subpopulations migrate south in September and return in May. Young of these migratory subpopulations are born in May to June in large maternity colonies (Barbour and Davis 1969). An additional ;subpopulation ;is non-migratory ;and remains year-round in the tropical dry forest regions of central and western Mexico. In these subpopulations, young are born in December and January. Number of subpopulations and population size are likely stable or declining at a rate of less than 10% over the last three generations (18 years). In recent years 13 roosts across Mexico had stable or growing populations, including one roost with over 100,000 bats. ;The habitat in Mexico is primarily tropical deciduous forest and thorn forest (Arita 1991) as well as Sonoran desert. In the United States, this bat roosts in old mines and caves at the base of mountains near alluvial fans vegetated with agave, yucca, saguaro and organ pipe cactus (Barbour and Davis 1969). Young are born in maternity colonies in caves and mines.	Previous surveys (USFWS 1988, 1995) stated that the species was threatened by disturbance of roosts, loss of food sources through land clearing and human exploitation, and direct killing by humans. Habitat loss in caves, used for mining and recreation, remains an issue.	It is generally uncommon (Reid 1997). This species is represented by a large number of occurrences or subpopulations. Arita (1991) mapped well over 100 collection sites in Mexico. Arita and Humphrey (1988) reported 269 historical and currently occupied localities in Mexico. Total adult population size is unknown but exceeds 100,000. A single roost in northern Mexico supports probably more than 100,000 individuals. This species is widespread and abundant in Mexico (Arita and Santos-del-Prado 1999). See Cockrum and Petryszyn (1991) for historical and recent population estimates for several sites in Arizona (no decline is evident) and Sonora. Cockrum and Petryszyn (1991) strongly disputed the reported decline of this species and, in reviewing pertinent data, concluded that little evidence exists to document a long-term decline in Arizona, New Mexico and Sonora. These authors stated "the various recent reports of disappearance appear to be, at least in part, the result of not looking in the right places at the right times" and further reported that "current populations...are little, if any, decreased from those of a quarter century ago. It even has been suggested that populations have increased in the past century because of more suitable roosts being available as a result of mining activity in the area." Several ;caves in Mexico did show declines ;of ;up to 90% in the 1980s. A program of recovery was established in 1994 where active environmental education ;and direct conservation action, plus research along several lines were initiated ;(Medellin and Torres 2013, López 2013). Twenty years later these and other roosts showed stability or growth, which prompted the Mexican federal government to initiate the process of delisting. The United States still considers it Endangered ;in 2015.	Decreasing	This species is known from southern Arizona and New Mexico (USA) to Honduras and El Salvador (Simmons 2005). It occurs from lowlands to 2,600 m asl but is usually found below 1,800 m asl (Reid 1997).	This species is not used.	Terrestrial	The recommended conservation action is to avoid habitat loss. In Mexico it was listed as threatened under NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2001 but was downlisted to Under Special Protection in 2015 (NOM-059.2015), and deemed to have recovered. It is also listed as a priority for conservation (J. Arroyo-Cabrales pers. comm.). USFWS list the species as Endangered.	Nearctic|Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Phyllostomidae	Leptonycteris		yerbabuenae	Mart&iacute;nez and Villa-R	1940	0	Anal. Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Auto. Mexico	0.675694	Lesser Long-nosed Bat	 sanborni Hoffmeister, 1957.	Mexico, Guerrero, Yerbabuena.	C California, S Arizona, and New Mexico (USA) to Honduras and El Salvador	Not listed.	Near Threatened	Included in curasoae by Koopman (1993), but see Watkins et al. (1972), Hall (1981), Koopman (1994), and Simmons and Wetterer (2002).The name sanborni has been used widely in the literature for this species, but is a junior synonym. A neotype for yerbabuenae was designated by Arita and Humphrey (1988).	Leptonycteris yerbabuenae	1004916	23	Lesser Long-nosed Bat	Sanborn's Long-nosed Bat|Tequila Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Phyllostomidae	GLOSSOPHAGINAE	GLOSSOPHAGINI	Leptonycteris	NA	yerbabuenae	L. Martínez & Villa-R.	1940	0	Leptonycteris_nivalis_yerbabuenae	Martínez, L. & R. Villa, B. (1940). Segunda contribución al conocimiento de los murciélagos mexicanos. II. Estado de Guerrero. Anales del Instituto de Biologia Universidad Nacional Autonoma Mexico, 11, 313.		IBUNAM (CNMA) 9216 [neotype]		"Yerbabuena, Estado de Guerrero," Mexico.			yerbabuenae L. Martínez & Villa-R., 1940|sanborni Hoffmeister, 1957	NA	NA			USA(AZ,NM)	United States|Mexico|Guatemala|El Salvador|Honduras|Nicaragua	North America	Nearctic|Neotropic	NT	0	0	0	Leptonycteris_yerbabuenae	0	sciname match	Leptonycteris_yerbabuenae	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Leptonycteris_yerbabuenae	1004916	23	Lesser Long-nosed Bat	Sanborn's Long-nosed Bat|Tequila Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Phyllostomidae	Glossophaginae	Glossophagini	Leptonycteris	NA	yerbabuenae	L. Martínez & Villa-Ramírez	0	Leptonycteris nivalis yerbabuenae	Martínez, L. and Villa-Ramírez, B. 1940. Segunda contribución al conocimiento de los murciélagos méxicanos. II.—Estado de Guerrero. Anales del Instituto de Biología. Serie Zoología 11:291-361.		lost (number not known)	holotype		"Yerbabuena, Estado de Guerrero," Mexico.			NA	NA			USA(AZ,NM)	United States|Mexico|Guatemala|El Salvador|Honduras|Nicaragua	North America	Nearctic|Neotropic	NT	0	0	0	Leptonycteris_yerbabuenae	0	sciname match	Leptonycteris_yerbabuenae	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Phyllostomidae	Leptonycteris		yerbabuenae	Mart&iacute;nez & Villa-R	1940	0	Anal. Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Auto. Mexico	0.675694	Lesser Long-nosed Bat	sanborni Hoffmeister, 1957.	Mexico, Guerrero, Yerbabuena.	C California, S Arizona, and New Mexico (USA) to Honduras and El Salvador	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136659/21988965/' target='_blank'>Near Threatened</a>	Included in curasoae by Koopman (1993), but see Watkins et al. (1972), Hall (1981), Koopman (1994), and Simmons and Wetterer (2002).The name sanborni has been used widely in the literature for this species, but is a junior synonym. A neotype for yerbabuenaewas designated by Arita and Humphrey (1988).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Leptonycteris yerbabuenae; Leptonycteris yerbabuenae; Leptonycteris yerbabuenae; Leptonycteris yerbabuenae; Leptonycteris yerbabuenae; Leptonycteris yerbabuenae; sanborni; sanborni; yerbabuenae; sanborni; Petit Leptonyctére; Kleine Mexiko-Blitenfledermaus; Leptonicteriopequeno; Sanborn’s Long-nosed Bat; Tequila Bat; Lesser Long-nosed Bat; Sanborn's Long-nosed Bat; Tequila Bat; Lesser Long-nosed Bat; Lesser Long-nosed Bat; L. yerbabuenae