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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L553	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Lavia frons	Lavia frons	Lavia frons	Lavia frons	Lavia frons	Lavia frons	Lavia frons	Lavia frons	Lavia frons	Lavia frons	Lavia frons	Lavia frons	Lavia frons	Lavia frons	Lavia frons		[MSW3] See Vonhof and Kalcounis (1999).; [HMW] Megaderma frons E. GeoffroySaint-Hilaire, 1810 , “ Sénégal .” Two subspecies, in addition to nominate Jfroms, are recognized by some authors, mostly based on small differences in size; however, no review of population boundaries or genetic comparisons have been undertaken. Three subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022] See Vonhof and Kalcounis (1999), Happold (2013), and ACR (2018). For discussion of the name megalotis , see Grubb (2004). Koopman (1994) and Simmons (2005) recognized three subspecies: frons , affinis , and rex , however, the validity of these subspecies has not been established (Happold, 2013) and we do not recognize them here.; [batnames2023] See Vonhof and Kalcounis (1999), Happold (2013), and ACR (2018). For discussion of the name megalotis , see Grubb (2004). Koopman (1994) and Simmons (2005) recognized three subspecies: frons , affinis , and rex , however, the validity of these subspecies has not been established (Happold, 2013) and we do not recognize them here.; [batnames2025_1.7] See Vonhof and Kalcounis (1999), Happold (2013), and ACR (2018). For discussion of the name megalotis, see Grubb (2004). Koopman (1994) and Simmons (2005) recognized three subspecies: frons, affinis, and rex, however, the validity of these subspecies has not been established (Happold, 2013) and we do not recognize them here.						affinis, rex.	affinis, frons, rex	frons, affinis, rex		frons, affinis, rex		frons	frons - affinis, megalotis, rex	megalotis, frons, rex, affinis		frons	frons - affinis, megalotis, rex	megalotis, frons, rex, affinis	megalotis, frons, rex, affinis	frons	frons - affinis, megalotis, rex	megalotis (Bechstein, 1799)|frons (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810)|rex G. S. Miller, 1905|affinis Andersen & Wroughton, 1907		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Yellow-winged bat	Gambia – Somalia – Zambia	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Lavia frons	Senegal.	E. Geoffroy	1810	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 15:192.	Distribution: Same as for genus.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Yellow-winged bat	Senegal – Somalia-Zambia, Zanzibar	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	E. Geoffrey	1810	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 15:192.		Senegal to Somalia, south to Zambia and Malawi; Zanzibar.	Senegal.		E. GEOFFROY	1810	Size relatively small (forearm length, 49-63 mm).	Distribution: Same as for genus.	Three rather poorly defined subspecies:	L. f. affinis (Sudan, Chad, northern Uganda, extreme northwestern Zaire), L.f. frons (western portion of range, presumeably from Senegal to western Zaire), L.f. rex (Ethiopia south at least to Tanzania and west to eastern Zaire).	52	species	L. frons	E. GEOFFROY	1810	Lavia	genus	Lavia frons				Size relatively small (forearm length, 49-63 mm).	Three rather poorly defined subspecies:		1. L. frons (E. GEOFFROY 1810).	1	_L. f. affinis_ Andersen & Wroughton, 1907; _L. f. frons_ (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810); _L. f. rex_ Miller, 1905			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Megadermatidae			Lavia frons	Lavia		frons	E. Geoffroy	y	1810		Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris	15		192		Yellow-winged Bat	Senegal.	Senegal and Gambia to Somalia, south to Namibia, Zambia, and Malawi; Zanzibar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	affinis K. Andersen and Wroughton, 1907; rex Miller, 1905.	See Vonhof and Kalcounis (1999).	C13F1641FF8FFFE1FF7DF5FAFD7C638D	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Megadermatidae_182.pdf.imf	hash://md5/3d066e39ff8dffe2ffd7ff8aff916a04	190	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/C1/3F/16/C13F1641FF8FFFE1FF7DF5FAFD7C638D.xml	Lavia frons	Megadermatidae	Lavia	frons		1810	Mégaderme a ailes orangées @fr | Gelbflligelfledermaus @de | Megaderma de alas amarillas @es | African Yellow-winged Bat @en | Yellow-winged Bat @en	Megaderma frons E. GeoffroySaint-Hilaire, 1810 , “ Sénégal .” Two subspecies, in addition to nominate Jfroms, are recognized by some authors, mostly based on small differences in size; however, no review of population boundaries or genetic comparisons have been undertaken. Three subspecies recognized.	L. J fons E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810 — Senegal and Gambia E to Nigeria , Cameroon, and Central African Republic , and S to SW Republic ofthe Congo . L.f.affinisK.Andersen&Wroughton,1907—Chad,Sudan,SouthSudan,NUganda,andextremeNEDRCongo. L. f. rex G. S. Miller, 1905 — Eritrea , Ethiopia , and Somalia S through E DR Congo , Kenya , and Tanzania (including Unguja I in Zanzibar Archipelago) to N Zambia and N Malawi . A published report from Namibia is considered an error.	Head—body 60-83 mm(tailless), ear 33-47 mm, hindfoot 16-20 mm, forearm 53-64 mm; weight 28-36 g. Females average slightly larger than males. The Yellow-winged False-vampire is distinctive and mediumto largein size, with tall erect noseleaf, large ears joined overhead, and long woollygrayfur having pale tips and dark bases. Fur oflower back is often mixed with yellowish color. Ventral pelageis paler, sometimes with yellow tinge. Wing membranes, ears, and noseleaf are yellowish to yellow brown. Noseleafis more than twiceas high as wide. Top ofposterior noseleafis squared off, with slightly raised corners. Sides of posterior noseleafare continuous with anterior noseleaf and have no indentation onsides. Anterior noseleafhas raised fold and notch in center, Just above lip. There is a thickened ridge down the middle ofnoseleafthat is narrowat top and expanded at basejust above nostrils, forming a spoon-like shape. Tragus is deeply forked, with short pointed innerlobe and elongated pointed outerlobethat is morethan one-half the ear length. Eyes are verylarge, with reflective tapetum lucidum that likely allows themto see well at night. Males have gland on lower back that produces yellowish secretion with distinctive odor. Baculum has mediumshaft with two prongs. Rostrum of skull has a largefrontal shield with shallow median depression and enlarged, broad preorbital and postorbital processes. C' has very small anterolingual cusp; P? is lacking; M! has well-developed mesostyle situated labially. Coronoid process of mandibleis equal in height ortaller than C.. Dental formulais10/2,C1/1,P 1/2, M3/3 (x2) = 26.	‘Tropical savannas and open woodlands from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 2000 m . In someareas, Yellow-winged False-vampires are found mainlyin riparian forests along streams, rivers, swamps, and lakes, whereas in others distributionis related to availability ofacacia trees ( Acacia , Fabaceae ). Not reported fromtall rainforest.	The Yellow-winged False-vampire eats insects, primarily larger species such as orthopterans, termites, beetles, moths, and butterflies but also smaller species such as flies. It hunts by hanging from a perch, swiveling its head to locate prey, and then flying out to catch it. Prey is taken back to the perch where it is consumed. Prey is mainly caught in flight but occasionally captured on vegetation or the ground. Typical prey-catching flights last 3-4 seconds and cover 15-20 m, often well above the bat suggesting prey is detected visually silhouetted against the sky, rather than by echolocation. The Yellowwinged False-vampire often forages around dusk, in much brighter conditions than most other bats, sometimes at the same time as diurnal birds such as drongos (Dicrurus spp.).	A single young is typically born after a gestation period of 3-3-5 months. In Kenya , newborns were reported in early April, just before the rainy season started when food became most abundant. Courtship behavior was observed in May and June suggesting the possibility of a second birth period in October or November coinciding with the second rainy season. In Tanzania , births have been reported in January, April, August, and November, also suggesting two breeding periods. In north-eastern DR Congo , births have been documented in April. Young cling to its mother until c.5 weeks old, holding in its mouth one of the mother’s inguinal false nipples, and wrapping its legs around her neck. Periodically it turns upside down to suckle. Females carry their small young while foraging. Young older than five weeks are left at the roost while the mother forages. At age 6-7 weeks, young begin to forage for prey by themselves but often accompanied by their parents. Young remain with their parents for up to three months while they learn to hunt.	Yellow-winged False-vampires roost during the day, but adults remain alert, with their eyes open, rotating slowly from side to side and scanning surroundings with their ears and eyes to detect possible threats. They often fly or climb short distances during the day to change roosting branches. This likely has a thermoregulatory function. They select sunny areas in the early morning and on cool days and shady areas during hot periods. They actively forage at night from 30-40 minutes before sunset to ¢.10 minutes before sunrise. When food is plentiful, such as during termite swarms, adults may become satiated within 30 minutes of dusk and return to a roost for much of the night. They have been reported to feed opportunistically during the day on insects disturbed by bush fires. In Kenya and northern Tanzania , Yellow-winged False-vampires roost during the day mainly in acacia ( Acacia ), hanging from small branches typically thinner than 1 cm in diameter 5-10 m aboveground. They also reportedly roost in shrubs under larger trees and occasionally in hollow trees or buildings. Echolocation pulses used for navigation and presumably prey detection are short (3-2 milliseconds) FM calls with most energy in second and third harmonics. Peak energy in second harmonic is at 42 kHz, with typical bandwidth of c.13 kHz, sweeping from 48 kHz to 35 kHz. First harmonic (fundamental) is much softer but sometimes has enough energy below 20 kHz to be audible to humans with good hearing. Larger males tend to have lower frequency echolocation calls. There are reports of predation on this species by falcons, bat hawks (Macheiramphus alcinus), and snakes.	Pairs or single males defend territories in which they roost and forage. The Yellow-winged False-vampire is not migratory and,at least in Kenya where it has been studied most intensively, appears to maintain the same territory throughout the year. Territories are 0-6-1 ha, with adjacent pairsstaying at least 20 m apart from each other. In the morning around sunrise, males reportedly patrol edgesoftheir territories, moving from tree to tree and actively chasing away any potential intruding conspecifics. It is socially monogamous and typically found in pairs. Members of a pair often roost within 1 m of each other. Groups of up to five individuals have been reported in some areas, but composition of those groups has not been verified.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Populations of Yellow-winged False-vampires are apparently stable, but there is no quantitative data on population trends.	Kingdon (1974) | Smarsh & Smotherman (2015) | Vaughan (1987) | Vaughan & Vaughan (1986, 1987) | Vonhof & Kalcounis (1999) | Wickler & Uhrig (1969)	https://zenodo.org/record/5734709/files/figure.png	1. Yellow-winged False-vampire Lavia frons French: Mégaderme a ailes orangées / German: Gelbflligelfledermaus / Spanish: Megaderma de alas amarillas Other common names: African Yellow-winged Bat , Yellow-winged Bat Taxonomy. Megaderma frons E. GeoffroySaint-Hilaire, 1810 , “ Sénégal .” Two subspecies, in addition to nominate Jfroms, are recognized by some authors, mostly based on small differences in size; however, no review of population boundaries or genetic comparisons have been undertaken. Three subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. L. J fons E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810 — Senegal and Gambia E to Nigeria , Cameroon, and Central African Republic , and S to SW Republic ofthe Congo . L.f.affinisK.Andersen&Wroughton,1907—Chad,Sudan,SouthSudan,NUganda,andextremeNEDRCongo. L. f. rex G. S. Miller, 1905 — Eritrea , Ethiopia , and Somalia S through E DR Congo , Kenya , and Tanzania (including Unguja I in Zanzibar Archipelago) to N Zambia and N Malawi . A published report from Namibia is considered an error. Descriptive notes. Head—body 60-83 mm(tailless), ear 33-47 mm, hindfoot 16-20 mm, forearm 53-64 mm; weight 28-36 g. Females average slightly larger than males. The Yellow-winged False-vampire is distinctive and mediumto largein size, with tall erect noseleaf, large ears joined overhead, and long woollygrayfur having pale tips and dark bases. Fur oflower back is often mixed with yellowish color. Ventral pelageis paler, sometimes with yellow tinge. Wing membranes, ears, and noseleaf are yellowish to yellow brown. Noseleafis more than twiceas high as wide. Top ofposterior noseleafis squared off, with slightly raised corners. Sides of posterior noseleafare continuous with anterior noseleaf and have no indentation onsides. Anterior noseleafhas raised fold and notch in center, Just above lip. There is a thickened ridge down the middle ofnoseleafthat is narrowat top and expanded at basejust above nostrils, forming a spoon-like shape. Tragus is deeply forked, with short pointed innerlobe and elongated pointed outerlobethat is morethan one-half the ear length. Eyes are verylarge, with reflective tapetum lucidum that likely allows themto see well at night. Males have gland on lower back that produces yellowish secretion with distinctive odor. Baculum has mediumshaft with two prongs. Rostrum of skull has a largefrontal shield with shallow median depression and enlarged, broad preorbital and postorbital processes. C' has very small anterolingual cusp; P? is lacking; M! has well-developed mesostyle situated labially. Coronoid process of mandibleis equal in height ortaller than C.. Dental formulais10/2,C1/1,P 1/2, M3/3 (x2) = 26. Habitat. ‘Tropical savannas and open woodlands from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 2000 m . In someareas, Yellow-winged False-vampires are found mainlyin riparian forests along streams, rivers, swamps, and lakes, whereas in others distributionis related to availability ofacacia trees ( Acacia , Fabaceae ). Not reported fromtall rainforest. Food and Feeding. The Yellow-winged False-vampire eats insects, primarily larger species such as orthopterans, termites, beetles, moths, and butterflies but also smaller species such as flies. It hunts by hanging from a perch, swiveling its head to locate prey, and then flying out to catch it. Prey is taken back to the perch where it is consumed. Prey is mainly caught in flight but occasionally captured on vegetation or the ground. Typical prey-catching flights last 3-4 seconds and cover 15-20 m, often well above the bat suggesting prey is detected visually silhouetted against the sky, rather than by echolocation. The Yellowwinged False-vampire often forages around dusk, in much brighter conditions than most other bats, sometimes at the same time as diurnal birds such as drongos (Dicrurus spp.). Breeding. A single young is typically born after a gestation period of 3-3-5 months. In Kenya , newborns were reported in early April, just before the rainy season started when food became most abundant. Courtship behavior was observed in May and June suggesting the possibility of a second birth period in October or November coinciding with the second rainy season. In Tanzania , births have been reported in January, April, August, and November, also suggesting two breeding periods. In north-eastern DR Congo , births have been documented in April. Young cling to its mother until c.5 weeks old, holding in its mouth one of the mother’s inguinal false nipples, and wrapping its legs around her neck. Periodically it turns upside down to suckle. Females carry their small young while foraging. Young older than five weeks are left at the roost while the mother forages. At age 6-7 weeks, young begin to forage for prey by themselves but often accompanied by their parents. Young remain with their parents for up to three months while they learn to hunt. Activity patterns. Yellow-winged False-vampires roost during the day, but adults remain alert, with their eyes open, rotating slowly from side to side and scanning surroundings with their ears and eyes to detect possible threats. They often fly or climb short distances during the day to change roosting branches. This likely has a thermoregulatory function. They select sunny areas in the early morning and on cool days and shady areas during hot periods. They actively forage at night from 30-40 minutes before sunset to ¢.10 minutes before sunrise. When food is plentiful, such as during termite swarms, adults may become satiated within 30 minutes of dusk and return to a roost for much of the night. They have been reported to feed opportunistically during the day on insects disturbed by bush fires. In Kenya and northern Tanzania , Yellow-winged False-vampires roost during the day mainly in acacia ( Acacia ), hanging from small branches typically thinner than 1 cm in diameter 5-10 m aboveground. They also reportedly roost in shrubs under larger trees and occasionally in hollow trees or buildings. Echolocation pulses used for navigation and presumably prey detection are short (3-2 milliseconds) FM calls with most energy in second and third harmonics. Peak energy in second harmonic is at 42 kHz, with typical bandwidth of c.13 kHz, sweeping from 48 kHz to 35 kHz. First harmonic (fundamental) is much softer but sometimes has enough energy below 20 kHz to be audible to humans with good hearing. Larger males tend to have lower frequency echolocation calls. There are reports of predation on this species by falcons, bat hawks (Macheiramphus alcinus), and snakes. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Pairs or single males defend territories in which they roost and forage. The Yellow-winged False-vampire is not migratory and,at least in Kenya where it has been studied most intensively, appears to maintain the same territory throughout the year. Territories are 0-6-1 ha, with adjacent pairsstaying at least 20 m apart from each other. In the morning around sunrise, males reportedly patrol edgesoftheir territories, moving from tree to tree and actively chasing away any potential intruding conspecifics. It is socially monogamous and typically found in pairs. Members of a pair often roost within 1 m of each other. Groups of up to five individuals have been reported in some areas, but composition of those groups has not been verified. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Populations of Yellow-winged False-vampires are apparently stable, but there is no quantitative data on population trends. Bibliography. Kingdon (1974), Smarsh & Smotherman (2015), Vaughan (1987), Vaughan & Vaughan (1986, 1987), Vonhof & Kalcounis (1999), Wickler & Uhrig (1969).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Megadermatidae	Lavia frons	Lavia		frons	E. Geoffroy	1810	1	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris	0.7583	Yellow-winged Bat	 megalotis Bechstein, 1800 [nomen oblitum]; affinis K. Andersen & Wroughton, 1907; rex  Miller, 1905	Senegal	Senegal and Gambia to Somalia, south to Namibia, Zambia, and Malawi; Zanzibar	Not listed.	Least Concern	See Vonhof and Kalcounis (1999), Happold (2013), and ACR (2018). For discussion of the name megalotis , see Grubb (2004). Koopman (1994) and Simmons (2005) recognized three subspecies: frons , affinis , and rex , however, the validity of these subspecies has not been established (Happold, 2013) and we do not recognize them here.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Lavia frons	23	Yellow-winged False-vampire	African Yellow-winged Bat|Yellow-winged Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	MEGADERMATIDAE	NA	NA	Lavia	NA	frons	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1810	1	Megaderma_frons	Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, É. (1810). Sur les Phyllostomes et les Mégadermes, deux genres de la famille des chauve-souris. Annales du Muséum d'histoire naturelle, 15, 192.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23421#page/224/mode/1up	MNHN 1997-1824		"Sénégal."			megalotis (Bechstein, 1800) [nomen oblitum]|frons (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810)|rex G. S. Miller, 1905|affinis K. Andersen & Wroughton, 1907	NA	NA	Senegal|Gambia|Guinea-Bissau|Guinea|Sierra Leone|Mali|Côte d'Ivoire|Burkina Faso|Ghana|Togo|Benin|Niger|Nigeria|Cameroon|Chad|Central African Republic|Gabon|Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo|South Sudan|Sudan|Eritrea|Ethiopia|Uganda|Kenya|Somalia|Rwanda|Burundi|Tanzania|Zambia	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Lavia_frons	0	sciname match	Lavia_frons	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	11378	Lavia frons	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	MEGADERMATIDAE	Lavia	frons	(É. Geoffroy, 1810)		20000000	Lavia frons	Least Concern		2017	2016-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.	This species is widespread in riparian habitats in low lying acacia woodland, thorn scrubland and savanna (Vonhof and Kalcounis 1999). It is generally associated with open habitats and is probably absent from undisturbed rainforest (Koopman pers. comm. in Vonhof and Kalcounis 1999). It usually roosts as individual animals in tree hollows, but has been recorded roosting in buildings (Rosevear 1965; Happold 1987; Vonhof and Kalcounis 1999).	While Vonhof and Kalcounis (1999) state that the effects of human activity on population dynamics of this bat are unknown, there do not appear to be any major threats to the species.	Although there is little information on the abundance of this species, it is probably uncommon (Vonhof and Kalcounis 1999).	Stable	This widespread African bat is broadly distributed south of the Sahara from Gambia (Grubb et al. 1998) and Senegal, through much of West and Central Africa, to southern and central Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia (Yalden et al. 1996) and Somalia in the east (Funaioli and Simonetta, 1966); from here it ranges southwards as far as northern Zambia (Ansell 1978) and northern Malawi (Ansell and Dowsett 1988; Vonhof and Kalcounis 1999). It is typically a lowland species found below 2,000 m Asl.		Terrestrial	It is present in a number of protected areas (e.g.. Garamba National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo). Other than studies into the possible effects of human activity on population dynamics of this bat, and additional research into the range of this species, no conservation measures are currently needed for this widespread species.	Afrotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Megadermatidae	Lavia		frons	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1810	1	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris	0.758333	Yellow-winged Bat	 megalotis Bechstein, 1800 [nomen oblitum]; affinis K. Andersen & Wroughton, 1907; rex  Miller, 1905	Senegal	Senegal and Gambia to Somalia, south to Namibia, Zambia, and Malawi; Zanzibar	Not listed.	Least Concern	See Vonhof and Kalcounis (1999), Happold (2013), and ACR (2018). For discussion of the name megalotis , see Grubb (2004). Koopman (1994) and Simmons (2005) recognized three subspecies: frons , affinis , and rex , however, the validity of these subspecies has not been established (Happold, 2013) and we do not recognize them here.	Lavia frons	1004647	23	Yellow-winged False-vampire	African Yellow-winged Bat|Yellow-winged Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	Megadermatidae	NA	NA	Lavia	NA	frons	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1810	1	Megaderma_frons	Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, É. (1810). Sur les Phyllostomes et les Mégadermes, deux genres de la famille des chauve-souris. Annales du Muséum d'histoire naturelle, 15, 192.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23421#page/224/mode/1up	MNHN 1997-1824		"Sénégal."			megalotis (Bechstein, 1800) [nomen oblitum]|frons (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810)|rex G. S. Miller, 1905|affinis K. Andersen & Wroughton, 1907	NA	NA				Senegal|Gambia|Guinea-Bissau|Guinea|Sierra Leone|Mali|Côte d'Ivoire|Burkina Faso|Ghana|Togo|Benin|Niger|Nigeria|Cameroon|Chad|Central African Republic|Gabon|Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo|South Sudan|Sudan|Eritrea|Ethiopia|Uganda|Kenya|Somalia|Rwanda|Burundi|Tanzania|Zambia	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Lavia_frons	0	sciname match	Lavia_frons	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Lavia_frons	1004647	23	Yellow-winged False-vampire	African Yellow-winged Bat|Yellow-winged Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Rhinolophoidea	Megadermatidae	NA	NA	Lavia	NA	frons	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1	Megaderma frons	Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, É. 1810. Sur les phyllostomes et les mégadermes, deux genres de la famille des chauve-souris. Annales du Muséum d'histoire naturelle 15:157-198.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3546885 | https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3546891	MNHN-ZM-MO-1997-1824	holotype	http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/zm/mo-1997-1824	"Sénégal."			NA	NA				Senegal|Gambia|Guinea-Bissau|Guinea|Sierra Leone|Mali|Cote d'Ivoire|Burkina Faso|Ghana|Togo|Benin|Niger|Nigeria|Cameroon|Chad|Central African Republic|Gabon|Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo|South Sudan|Sudan|Eritrea|Ethiopia|Uganda|Kenya|Somalia|Rwanda|Burundi|Tanzania|Zambia	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Lavia_frons	0	sciname match	Lavia_frons	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Megadermatidae	Lavia		frons	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1810	1	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris	0.758333	Yellow-winged Bat	megalotis Bechstein, 1800 [nomen oblitum]; affinis K. Andersen & Wroughton, 1907; rex  Miller, 1905	Senegal	Senegal and Gambia to Somalia, south to Namibia, Zambia, and Malawi; Zanzibar	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/11378/22102877/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	See Vonhof and Kalcounis (1999), Happold (2013), and ACR (2018). For discussion of the name megalotis, see Grubb (2004). Koopman (1994) and Simmons (2005) recognized three subspecies: frons, affinis, and rex, however, the validity of these subspecies has not been established (Happold, 2013) and we do not recognize them here.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Lavia frons; Lavia frons; Lavia frons; Lavia frons; Lavia frons; Lavia frons; frons; affinis; rex; frons; affinis; rex; megalotis; affinis; rex; megalotis; frons; rex; affinis; Mégaderme a ailes orangées; Gelbflligelfledermaus; Megaderma de alas amarillas; African Yellow-winged Bat; Yellow-winged Bat; Yellow-winged False-vampire; African Yellow-winged Bat; Yellow-winged Bat; Yellow-winged Bat; Yellow-winged Bat; L. frons