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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L479	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Pipistrellus musciculus	Pipistrellus musciculus	Pipistrellus musciculus	Pipistrellus musciculus	Pipistrellus musciculus	Hypsugo musciculus	Hypsugo musciculus	Hypsugo musciculus	Hypsugo musciculus	Hypsugo musciculus	Hypsugo musciculus	Hypsugo musciculus	Hypsugo musciculus	Hypsugo musciculus	Hypsugo musciculus		[MSW2] Subgenus Hypsugo.; [HMW] Pipistrellus musciculus Thomas, 1913 , “Bitye, Ja River, Camaroons [= Cameroon ]. Alt. 2000’ [= 610 m ].” Relationships with other African Hypsugo , Neoromicia , or Nycticeinops are uncertain; further study is needed, using genetic and morphological data of this species. Monotypic.; [MDD2022] placement within Hypsugo is uncertain, as the species is the only Sub-Saharan African representative of the genus; [IUCN] Taxonomy needs revision. ;Previously considered within ;Pipistrellus .; [MDD2023] placement within Hypsugo is uncertain, as the species is the only Sub-Saharan African representative of the genus; [MDD2025_2.0] placement within Hypsugo is uncertain, as the species is the only Sub-Saharan African representative of the genus; [MDD2025_2.2] placement within Hypsugo is uncertain, as the species is the only Sub-Saharan African representative of the genus														musciculus	Taxonomy needs revision. ;Previously considered within ;Pipistrellus .			musciculus	musciculus			musciculus (O. Thomas, 1913)		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Least pipistrelle	Cameroun, C Zaire, Gabon	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Pipistrellus musciculus	Cameroun, Ja River, Bitye, 2000 ft. (610 m).	Thomas	1913	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 11:316.	Distribution: Known only from forested regions in Cameroon, Gabon, and western Zaire.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Least pipistrelle	Sierra Leone, Cameroun, C Zaire, Gabon	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Thomas	1913	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 11:316.	Subgenus Hypsugo.	Cameroon, Zaire, Gabon.	Cameroon, Ja River, Bitye, 2,000 ft. (610 m).		THOMAS	1913	Size relatively small (forearm length, 21-25 mm). Inner upper incisor bicuspid. Outer upper incisor well developed. Anterior upper premolar greatly reduced and displaced medially. Rostrum relatively short and fairly broad. Forehead slightly concave. Tragus without a sharp angle on the posterior border.	Distribution: Known only from forested regions in Cameroon, Gabon, and western Zaire.	No subspecies.		113	species	P. musciculus	THOMAS	1913	Pipistrellus	subgenus	Pipistrellus musciculus				Size relatively small (forearm length, 21-25 mm). Inner upper incisor bicuspid. Outer upper incisor well developed. Anterior upper premolar greatly reduced and displaced medially. Rostrum relatively short and fairly broad. Forehead slightly concave. Tragus without a sharp angle on the posterior border.	No subspecies.		17. P. musciculus THOMAS 1913 [hesperus group],	17	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Vespertilionini	Hypsugo musciculus	Hypsugo		musciculus	Thomas	y	1913		Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8	11		316		Mouse-like Pipistrelle	Cameroon, Ja River, Bitye, 2,000 ft. (610 m).	Cameroon, Dem. Rep. Congo, Gabon, possibly Ghana.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt) as Pipistrellus musciculus.			4C3D87E8FFC26A7DFA8F93691976B0BA	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	815	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FFC26A7DFA8F93691976B0BA.xml	Hypsugo musciculus	Vespertilionidae	Hypsugo	musciculus		1913	VVespéere murine @fr | Mauschen-Zwergfledermaus @de | Hypsugo murino @es | Least Pipistrelle Bat @en | Western Africa Pipistrelle @en	Pipistrellus musciculus Thomas, 1913 , “Bitye, Ja River, Camaroons [= Cameroon ]. Alt. 2000’ [= 610 m ].” Relationships with other African Hypsugo , Neoromicia , or Nycticeinops are uncertain; further study is needed, using genetic and morphological data of this species. Monotypic.	W Sierra Leone , SW Ghana , SC Cameroon , NE Gabon , and two records from W DR Congo (one of these may represent the Banana Serotine, Neoromicia nanus ).	Head-body c. 40 mm , tail 21-26 mm, ear 8-11 mm, forearm 23-26 mm; weight 3-8 g (one specimen). Pelage of the Mouse-like Pipistrelle is soft and dense; dorsal and ventral pelage is dark umber brown (hairs are unicolored). Bare portions of face, ears, and membranes are blackish brown. Ears are subtriangular, and inner margin is strongly convex basally, then becoming straight; tragus is about onethird the height of ear, and is narrow, with straight anterior margin, smoothly convex posterior margin, and rounded tip. Uropatagium extends more or less to tail tip; calcar has well-developed postcalcarial lobe. Penis is relatively short. Skull is comparatively small and gracile; braincase is fairly high and wide; interorbital region is quite broad; rostrum is relatively short and wide; forehead is weakly concave. I? is bicuspid and subequal in size to I’; P? is minute, not visible above gum, intruded from tooth row, and occasionally absent; and lower molars are myotodont.	The Mouse-like Pipistrelle is mainly known from rainforest but has been recorded in Guinea savanna in Sierra Leone .	A group of 4-5 individuals foraged together near the ground.	A lactating female was captured in mid-May in Sierra Leone ; a female with two young was captured in June (locality unrecorded; museum specimen).	A male and female with two young were captured in hollow stem of a West African piassava palm ( Raphia vinifera , Arecaceae ). The speciesis a veryrapid flier.	No information.	Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List (as Pipistrellus musciculus ). Very little is known; further research is needed.	ACR (2018) | Grubb et al. (1998) | Hayman et al. (1966) | Jacobs et al. ( 2008g) | Van Cakenberghe & Happold (2013k) | Van Cakenberghe et al. (2017)	https://zenodo.org/record/6398006/files/figure.png	113. Mouse-like Pipistrelle Hypsugo musciculus French: VVespéere murine / German: Mauschen-Zwergfledermaus / Spanish: Hypsugo murino Other common names: Least Pipistrelle Bat , Western Africa Pipistrelle Taxonomy. Pipistrellus musciculus Thomas, 1913 , “Bitye, Ja River, Camaroons [= Cameroon ]. Alt. 2000’ [= 610 m ].” Relationships with other African Hypsugo , Neoromicia , or Nycticeinops are uncertain; further study is needed, using genetic and morphological data of this species. Monotypic. Distribution. W Sierra Leone , SW Ghana , SC Cameroon , NE Gabon , and two records from W DR Congo (one of these may represent the Banana Serotine, Neoromicia nanus ). Descriptive notes. Head-body c. 40 mm , tail 21-26 mm, ear 8-11 mm, forearm 23-26 mm; weight 3-8 g (one specimen). Pelage of the Mouse-like Pipistrelle is soft and dense; dorsal and ventral pelage is dark umber brown (hairs are unicolored). Bare portions of face, ears, and membranes are blackish brown. Ears are subtriangular, and inner margin is strongly convex basally, then becoming straight; tragus is about onethird the height of ear, and is narrow, with straight anterior margin, smoothly convex posterior margin, and rounded tip. Uropatagium extends more or less to tail tip; calcar has well-developed postcalcarial lobe. Penis is relatively short. Skull is comparatively small and gracile; braincase is fairly high and wide; interorbital region is quite broad; rostrum is relatively short and wide; forehead is weakly concave. I? is bicuspid and subequal in size to I’; P? is minute, not visible above gum, intruded from tooth row, and occasionally absent; and lower molars are myotodont. Dental formula is as in congeners, but sometimes 12/3, C 1/1, P1/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 32, Habitat. The Mouse-like Pipistrelle is mainly known from rainforest but has been recorded in Guinea savanna in Sierra Leone . Food and Feeding. A group of 4-5 individuals foraged together near the ground. Breeding. A lactating female was captured in mid-May in Sierra Leone ; a female with two young was captured in June (locality unrecorded; museum specimen). Activity patterns. A male and female with two young were captured in hollow stem of a West African piassava palm ( Raphia vinifera , Arecaceae ). The speciesis a veryrapid flier. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List (as Pipistrellus musciculus ). Very little is known; further research is needed. Bibliography. ACR (2018), Grubb et al. (1998), Hayman et al. (1966), Jacobs et al. ( 2008g ), Van Cakenberghe & Happold (2013k), Van Cakenberghe et al. (2017).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Hypsugo musciculus	Hypsugo		musciculus	Thomas	1913	1	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 8, 11: 316	Mouse-like Pipistrelle	None.	Cameroon, Ja River, Bitye, 2,000 ft. (610 m).	Cameroon, Dem. Rep. Congo, Gabon, possibly Ghana.	Not listed.	Data Deficient		Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Hypsugo musciculus	23	Mouse-like Pipistrelle	Least Pipistrelle Bat|Western Africa Pipistrelle	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	VESPERTILIONINAE	VESPERTILIONINI	Hypsugo	NA	musciculus	O. Thomas	1913	1	Pipistrellus_musciculus	Thomas, O. (1913). On African bats and shrews. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Ser. 8, 11, 316.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61788#page/328/mode/1up	BM 1913.2.8.1		"Bitye, Ja River, Camaroons [= Cameroon]. Alt. 2000' [= 610 m]."			musciculus (O. Thomas, 1913)	placement within Hypsugo is uncertain, as the species is the only Sub-Saharan African representative of the genus	Monadjem, A., Demos, T. C., Dalton, D. L., Webala, P. W., Musila, S., Kerbis Peterhans, J. C., & Patterson, B. D. (2020). A revision of the pipistrelle-like bats (Mammali: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in East Africa with the description of new genera and species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, zlaa087.	Sierra Leone|Ghana|Cameroon|Gabon|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Republic of the Congo?	Africa	Afrotropic	DD	0	0	0	Hypsugo_musciculus	0	oldname match	Hypsugo_musciculus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	44855	Hypsugo musciculus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Hypsugo	musciculus	Thomas, 1913	Taxonomy needs revision. ;Previously considered within ;Pipistrellus .	20000000	Hypsugo musciculus	Data Deficient		2020	2018-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Data Deficient in view of continuing problems with its taxonomy as well as absence of recent information on its extent of occurrence, status and ecological requirements.	Most records have been from lowland tropical moist forest, tropical dry forest and from Guinea savanna.	The threats to this species are not known.	The abundance of this species is not well known.	Unknown	This species has been recorded from a few localities in Ghana, Sierra Leone, southern Cameroon, Gabon, the eastern tip of Congo, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.		Terrestrial	It is not known if the species is present within any protected areas. Further studies are needed into the taxonomy, distribution, natural history and threats to this species.	Afrotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Hypsugo		musciculus	Thomas	1913	1	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 8, 11: 316	Mouse-like Pipistrelle	None.	Cameroon, Ja River, Bitye, 2,000 ft. (610 m).	Cameroon, Dem. Rep. Congo, Gabon, possibly Ghana.	Not listed.	Data Deficient		Hypsugo musciculus	1005724	23	Mouse-like Pipistrelle	Least Pipistrelle Bat|Western Africa Pipistrelle	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	VESPERTILIONINAE	VESPERTILIONINI	Hypsugo	NA	musciculus	O. Thomas	1913	1	Pipistrellus_musciculus	Thomas, O. (1913). On African bats and shrews. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Ser. 8, 11, 316.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61788#page/328/mode/1up	BM 1913.2.8.1		"Bitye, Ja River, Camaroons [= Cameroon]. Alt. 2000' [= 610 m]."			musciculus (O. Thomas, 1913)	placement within Hypsugo is uncertain, as the species is the only Sub-Saharan African representative of the genus	Monadjem, A., Demos, T. C., Dalton, D. L., Webala, P. W., Musila, S., Kerbis Peterhans, J. C., & Patterson, B. D. (2020). A revision of the pipistrelle-like bats (Mammali: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in East Africa with the description of new genera and species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, zlaa087.				Sierra Leone|Ghana|Cameroon|Gabon|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Republic of the Congo?	Africa	Afrotropic	DD	0	0	0	Hypsugo_musciculus	0	oldname match	Hypsugo_musciculus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Hypsugo_musciculus	1005724	23	Mouse-like Pipistrelle	Least Pipistrelle Bat|Western Africa Pipistrelle	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Vespertilionini	Hypsugo	NA	musciculus	O. Thomas	1	Pipistrellus musciculus	Thomas, O. 1913-03-01. On African bats and shrews. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8)11(63):314-321.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/18635877	BMNH:Mamm:1913.2.8.1	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/3996cc57-c65d-462c-b9df-ccd5982ebf9f	"Bitye, Ja River, Camaroons [= Cameroon]. Alt. 2000' [= 610 m]."			placement within Hypsugo is uncertain, as the species is the only Sub-Saharan African representative of the genus	Monadjem, A., T. C. Demos, D. L. Dalton, P. W. Webala, S. Musila, J. C. K. Peterhans and B. D. Patterson (2021). A revision of pipistrelle-like bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in East Africa with the description of new genera and species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191(4): 1114–1146.				Sierra Leone|Ghana|Cameroon|Gabon|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Republic of the Congo?	Africa	Afrotropic	DD	0	0	0	Hypsugo_musciculus	0	oldname match	Hypsugo_musciculus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Hypsugo		musciculus	Thomas	1913	1	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 8, 11: 316	Mouse-like Pipistrelle	None.	Cameroon, Ja River, Bitye, 2,000 ft. (610 m).	Cameroon, Dem. Rep. Congo, Gabon, possibly Ghana.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/44855/22072827/' target='_blank'>Data Deficient</a>			Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Hypsugo musciculus; Hypsugo musciculus; Hypsugo musciculus; Hypsugo musciculus; Hypsugo musciculus; Hypsugo musciculus; musciculus; VVespéere murine; Mauschen-Zwergfledermaus; Hypsugo murino; Least Pipistrelle Bat; Western Africa Pipistrelle; Mouse-like Pipistrelle; Least Pipistrelle Bat; Western Africa Pipistrelle; Mouse-like Pipistrelle; Mouse-like Pipistrelle; H. musciculus