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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L470	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Pipistrellus cadornae	Pipistrellus cadornae	Pipistrellus cadornae	Pipistrellus cadornae	Pipistrellus cadornae	Hypsugo cadornae	Hypsugo cadornae	Hypsugo cadornae	Hypsugo cadornae	Hypsugo cadornae	Hypsugo cadornae	Hypsugo cadornae	Hypsugo cadornae	Hypsugo cadornae	Hypsugo cadornae		[MSW2] Subgenus Hypsugo. Listed as a subspecies of savii by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:170), but see Hill (196217:133).; [MSW3] Listed as a subspecies of savii by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), but see Hill (1962b) and Bates and Harrison (1967). Reviewed in part by Bates et al. (1997), Hendrichsen et al. (2001b), and Lunde et al. (2003a).; [HMW] Pipistrellus cadornae Thomas, 1916 , “Pashok, 3'500° [= 1067 m ],” Dar jeeling, India . Hypsugo cadornae appears to be sister to H. macrotis . Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Listed as a subspecies of savii by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), but see Hill (1962 b ) and Bates and Harrison (1967).Reviewed in part by Bates et al. (1997), Hendrichsen et al. (2001 b ), and Lunde et al. (2003 a ).; [IUCN] For many decades, this bat was included in the genus Pipistrellus (e.g. Hill and Harrison 1987, Corbet and Hill 1992, Koopman 1994) until Hypsugo was raised to a full genus level (Horáček and Hanak 1985–86, Volleth and Heler 1994). This bat was treated as a subspecies of H. savii by Ellermann and Morrison-Scott (1951). Though this point of view is not currently accepted, there were no special studies reviewing phylogenetic relationships between H. cadornae and other Hypsugo . According to the data from DNA Barcodes, H. cadornae forms monophyletic cluster, distinct from other analysed species (S.Kruskop, pers. comm.).; [batnames2023] Listed as a subspecies of savii by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), but see Hill (1962 b ) and Bates and Harrison (1967).Reviewed in part by Bates et al. (1997), Hendrichsen et al. (2001 b ), and Lunde et al. (2003 a ).; [batnames2025_1.7] Listed as a subspecies of savii by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), but see Hill (1962b) and Bates and Harrison (1967).Reviewed in part by Bates et al. (1997), Hendrichsen et al. (2001b), and Lunde et al. (2003a).														cadornae	For many decades, this bat was included in the genus Pipistrellus (e.g. Hill and Harrison 1987, Corbet and Hill 1992, Koopman 1994) until Hypsugo was raised to a full genus level (Horáček and Hanak 1985–86, Volleth and Heler 1994). This bat was treated as a subspecies of H. savii by Ellermann and Morrison-Scott (1951). Though this point of view is not currently accepted, there were no special studies reviewing phylogenetic relationships between H. cadornae and other Hypsugo . According to the data from DNA Barcodes, H. cadornae forms monophyletic cluster, distinct from other analysed species (S.Kruskop, pers. comm.).			cadornae 	cadornae 			cadornae (O. Thomas, 1916)		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		NE India – Thailand	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Pipistrellus cadornae	India, Darjeeling, Pashok, 3500 ft. (1067 m).	Thomas	1916	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 24:416.	Distribution: Ranging from northeastern India to northern Thailand.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Cadorna's pipistrelle	NE India – Thailand	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Thomas	1916	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 24:416.	Subgenus Hypsugo. Listed as a subspecies of savii by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:170), but see Hill (196217:133).	NE India, Burma, Thailand.	India, Darjeeling, Pashok, 3,500 ft (1,067m).		THOMAS	1916	Size fairly small (forearm length, 33-37 mm). Anterior upper premolar greatly reduced and displaced medially. Forehead nearly flat. Basicranial pits well developed. A small postorbital process present on zygomatic arch.	Distribution: Ranging from northeastern India to northern Thailand.	No subspecies.		114	species	P. cadornae	THOMAS	1916	Pipistrellus	subgenus	Pipistrellus cadornae				Size fairly small (forearm length, 33-37 mm). Anterior upper premolar greatly reduced and displaced medially. Forehead nearly flat. Basicranial pits well developed. A small postorbital process present on zygomatic arch.	No subspecies.		35. P. cadornae THOMAS 1916 [JAV/7 group],	35	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Vespertilionini	Hypsugo cadornae	Hypsugo		cadornae	Thomas	y	1916		J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.	24		416		Cadorna's Pipistrelle	India, Darjeeling, Pashok, 3,500 ft. (1,067 m).	NE India, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt) as Pipistrellus cadornae.		Listed as a subspecies of savii by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), but see Hill (1962b) and Bates and Harrison (1967). Reviewed in part by Bates et al. (1997), Hendrichsen et al. (2001b), and Lunde et al. (2003a).	4C3D87E8FFCE6A71FF839F971964BE00	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	811	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FFCE6A71FF839F971964BE00.xml	Hypsugo cadornae	Vespertilionidae	Hypsugo	cadornae		1916	Vespére de Cadorna @fr | Cadorna-Zwergfledermaus @de | Hypsugo de Cadorna @es | Thomas's Pipistrelle @en	Pipistrellus cadornae Thomas, 1916 , “Pashok, 3'500° [= 1067 m ],” Dar jeeling, India . Hypsugo cadornae appears to be sister to H. macrotis . Monotypic.	NE India ( West Bengal ), N Myanmar , N Thailand , Laos , N & C Vietnam , and NE Cambodia .	Head-body 45-8 55 mm , tail 32-42 mm, ear 12-5-15 mm, hindfoot 5-4-8-3 mm, forearm 34-4-36-4 mm; weight 5-5-7 g. Pelage of Cadorna’s Pipistrelle is soft, dense, and relatively long; dorsally dark chestnut-brown (hairs slightly darker at root than tip), ventrally paler chestnut-brown (hairs dark brown or black at root). Bare parts of membranes, face, and ears are uniform dark brown. Ears are moderately large with broadly rounded tip, and anterior edge broadly convex above base; tragus is relatively short, broad, and angled slightly forward, and has basal lobe. Last two vertebrae stretch past margin of uropatagium, and calcar has narrow keel. Penis is relatively small. Baculum is small (2-5 mm long, one specimen) and robust; shaft is curved downward and is deeply grooved ventrally; it has two pronounced projections on each side of base; tip is distinctively spoon-shaped. Skull has narrow, rounded braincase (notflattened, as in Savi’s Pipistrelle, Hypsugo savii ); basioccipital area has well-defined central ridge running between the two cochleae but basioccipital pits are practically absent; zygomatic arches are robust with projection dorsally on each jugal bone. I’ is as high as second cusp of I?, being subequal in crown area; P? is minute and within recess formed by C',just outside tooth row; C' and P* are either in contact or nearly so; P, is within tooth row and twothirds the crown area and one-half the height of P,; and lower molars are myotodont.	Collected in dry bamboo forests and montane mixed forests at elevations of c.708-1950 m.	Cadorna’s Pipistrelles are agile fliers and feed on a variety of insects. In north-western Thailand , fecal samples mainly included Hemiptera (49-3% by volume, 76-7% by frequency) and Coleoptera (43-7%, 70%), along with smaller amounts of Hymenoptera (2-7%, 3-:3%), Homoptera (2:5%, 3-3%), Diptera (1-2%, 6-7%), Acari (0-2%, 3-3%), and Lepidoptera (0-2%, 3:3%).	No information.	Cadorna’s Pipistrelles roost by day and forage at night. Remains of one individual were collected in a cave in north-eastern Thailand , although the species may not typically roost in caves. Call frequency recorded at 37-5 kHz (unpublished data), probably representing peak frequency value.	No information.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (as Pipustrellus cadornae ). Cadorna’s Pipistrelle does not seem to face any major threats currently, although it may be locally threatened by roost disturbance. Very little is known about its ecology and potential threats; further research is needed.	Bates & Harrison (1997) | Bates, Harrison et al. (1997) | Bates, Nwe Tin et al. (2005) | Francis (2008a) | Francis, Bates, Molur & Srinivasulu (2008a) | Furey et al. (2012) | Gorfél et al. (2014) | Kruskop (2013a) | Lim, L.S. et al. (2016) | Weterings et al. (2015)	https://zenodo.org/record/6397978/files/figure.png	99. Cadorna’s Pipistrelle Hypsugo cadornae French: Vespére de Cadorna / German: Cadorna-Zwergfledermaus / Spanish: Hypsugo de Cadorna Other common names: Thomas's Pipistrelle Taxonomy. Pipistrellus cadornae Thomas, 1916 , “Pashok, 3'500° [= 1067 m ],” Dar jeeling, India . Hypsugo cadornae appears to be sister to H. macrotis . Monotypic. Distribution. NE India ( West Bengal ), N Myanmar , N Thailand , Laos , N & C Vietnam , and NE Cambodia . Descriptive notes. Head-body 45-8 55 mm , tail 32-42 mm, ear 12-5-15 mm, hindfoot 5-4-8-3 mm, forearm 34-4-36-4 mm; weight 5-5-7 g. Pelage of Cadorna’s Pipistrelle is soft, dense, and relatively long; dorsally dark chestnut-brown (hairs slightly darker at root than tip), ventrally paler chestnut-brown (hairs dark brown or black at root). Bare parts of membranes, face, and ears are uniform dark brown. Ears are moderately large with broadly rounded tip, and anterior edge broadly convex above base; tragus is relatively short, broad, and angled slightly forward, and has basal lobe. Last two vertebrae stretch past margin of uropatagium, and calcar has narrow keel. Penis is relatively small. Baculum is small (2-5 mm long, one specimen) and robust; shaft is curved downward and is deeply grooved ventrally; it has two pronounced projections on each side of base; tip is distinctively spoon-shaped. Skull has narrow, rounded braincase (notflattened, as in Savi’s Pipistrelle, Hypsugo savii ); basioccipital area has well-defined central ridge running between the two cochleae but basioccipital pits are practically absent; zygomatic arches are robust with projection dorsally on each jugal bone. I’ is as high as second cusp of I?, being subequal in crown area; P? is minute and within recess formed by C',just outside tooth row; C' and P* are either in contact or nearly so; P, is within tooth row and twothirds the crown area and one-half the height of P,; and lower molars are myotodont. Habitat. Collected in dry bamboo forests and montane mixed forests at elevations of c.708-1950 m. Food and Feeding. Cadorna’s Pipistrelles are agile fliers and feed on a variety of insects. In north-western Thailand , fecal samples mainly included Hemiptera (49-3% by volume, 76-7% by frequency) and Coleoptera (43-7%, 70%), along with smaller amounts of Hymenoptera (2-7%, 3-:3%), Homoptera (2:5%, 3-3%), Diptera (1-2%, 6-7%), Acari (0-2%, 3-3%), and Lepidoptera (0-2%, 3:3%). Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Cadorna’s Pipistrelles roost by day and forage at night. Remains of one individual were collected in a cave in north-eastern Thailand , although the species may not typically roost in caves. Call frequency recorded at 37-5 kHz (unpublished data), probably representing peak frequency value. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (as Pipustrellus cadornae ). Cadorna’s Pipistrelle does not seem to face any major threats currently, although it may be locally threatened by roost disturbance. Very little is known about its ecology and potential threats; further research is needed. Bibliography. Bates & Harrison (1997), Bates, Harrison et al. (1997), Bates, Nwe Tin et al. (2005), Francis (2008a), Francis, Bates, Molur & Srinivasulu (2008a), Furey et al. (2012), Gorfél et al. (2014), Kruskop (2013a), Lim, L.S. et al. (2016), Weterings et al. (2015).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Hypsugo cadornae	Hypsugo		cadornae	Thomas	1916	1	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.	30:56:00	Cadorna's Pipistrelle	None.	India, Darjeeling, Pashok, 3,500 ft. (1,067 m).	NE India, Burma, Guangdong (China), Thailand, Vietnam, Laos.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Listed as a subspecies of savii by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), but see Hill (1962 b ) and Bates and Harrison (1967).Reviewed in part by Bates et al. (1997), Hendrichsen et al. (2001 b ), and Lunde et al. (2003 a ).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Hypsugo cadornae	23	Cadorna's Pipistrelle	Thomas's Pipistrelle	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	VESPERTILIONINAE	VESPERTILIONINI	Hypsugo	NA	cadornae	O. Thomas	1916	1	Pipistrellus_cadornae	Thomas, O. (1916). Two new Indian bats. The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 24, 415.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95302#page/503/mode/1up	BM 1916.3.25.6		"Pashok, 3'500' [= 1067 m]," Darjeeling, India.			cadornae (O. Thomas, 1916)	NA	NA	India|Myanmar|Thailand|Laos|Vietnam|Cambodia	Asia	Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Hypsugo_cadornae	0	sciname match	Hypsugo_cadornae	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	17331	Hypsugo cadornae	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Hypsugo	cadornae	Thomas, 1916	For many decades, this bat was included in the genus Pipistrellus (e.g. Hill and Harrison 1987, Corbet and Hill 1992, Koopman 1994) until Hypsugo was raised to a full genus level (Horáček and Hanak 1985–86, Volleth and Heler 1994). This bat was treated as a subspecies of H. savii by Ellermann and Morrison-Scott (1951). Though this point of view is not currently accepted, there were no special studies reviewing phylogenetic relationships between H. cadornae and other Hypsugo . According to the data from DNA Barcodes, H. cadornae forms monophyletic cluster, distinct from other analysed species (S.Kruskop, pers. comm.).	20000000	Hypsugo cadornae	Least Concern		2019	2018-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. However, it is worth remembering that the actual state of the population is practically unknown and requires special studies.	In South Asia, little is known about the habitat or ecology of this species except that this species is found in dry bamboo forests and mixed forests (Bates and Harrison 1997). In Vietnam the species was collected in a disturbed area close to the Cuc Phuong National Park headquarters (Bates et al. 1997), in Lao Cai province it was found in a partially disturbed broad-leafed mountain forest, over a small forest stream (Kruskop and Shchinov 2010), and in Cat Tien National Park – on the edge of primary lowland forest, nearby a seasonal water source (Kruskop 2011). Remains of a single specimen have been collected from a cave in northeastern Thailand (Robinson and Smith 1997). Judging by the state of female captured in Lao Cai Province in the end of April, it gave birth in March (S. Kruskop, pers. comm.). Since single individuals of this species are always capturing, H. cadornae hardly forms large colonies.	In Southeast Asia, there are no major threats to this species as a whole. In South Asia, the threats to this species remain unknown. However, disturbance to roosting sites by humans could affect the populations (Molur et al. 2002). Since this species presumably inhabits forests, continuing deforestation may affect its subpopulations (S. Kruskop, pers. comm.).	This species is widespread but sporadic in its distribution and not common. Current knowledge does not enough for any reliable estimations of its population.	Unknown	This species is widespread in northeastern South Asia and mainland Southeast Asia. In South Asia, this species is presently known from India (West Bengal) and has been recorded from an elevation of 1,000 m asl (Molur et al. 2002). Lekagul and McNeely (1977) erroneously reported Assam instead of West Bengal as the range of this species (Srinivauslu et al. in press). In Mainland Southeast Asia, it has been recorded from northern Myanmar, northern Thailand, Lao PDR and Vietnam, although its confirmed localities are quite sporadic. The species is probably more widespread in Southeast Asia than is currently known (C. Francis pers. comm.). In Vietnam this bat is known from both southern and northern provinces, but from very limited number of localities (Kruskop 2013), it was recorded in Lao Cai Province at ca. 1,950 m asl (Kruskop and Shchinov 2010). Since this species was found not far from the Chinese border, there is high probability that it occurs in South China also.	There are no evidences that this species was ever used in commercial trade, local cuisine or local medicine. Like other insectivorous bats, H. cadornae plays certain role as natural regulator of some forestry and harvest pests, considering its presumably low population density this role is likely negligible.	Terrestrial	In South Asia there are no direct conservation measures in place for this species, and it has not been recorded from any protected areas. Ecological surveys and studies of possible treats need to be conducted (Molur et al. 2002). In Southeast Asia, it has been recorded from a number of protected areas, e.g. in Vietnam it occurs in Cuc Phuong, Cat Tien and Hoang Lien Son National Parks (Kruskop 2013).	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Hypsugo		cadornae	Thomas	1916	1	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.	24(3): 415	Cadorna's Pipistrelle	None.	India, Darjeeling, Pashok, 3,500 ft. (1,067 m).	NE India, Burma, Guangdong (China), Thailand, Vietnam, Laos.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Listed as a subspecies of savii by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), but see Hill (1962 b ) and Bates and Harrison (1967).Reviewed in part by Bates et al. (1997), Hendrichsen et al. (2001 b ), and Lunde et al. (2003 a ).	Hypsugo cadornae	1005716	23	Cadorna's Pipistrelle	Thomas's Pipistrelle	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	VESPERTILIONINAE	VESPERTILIONINI	Hypsugo	NA	cadornae	O. Thomas	1916	1	Pipistrellus_cadornae	Thomas, O. (1916). Two new Indian bats. The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 24, 415.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95302#page/503/mode/1up	BM 1916.3.25.6		"Pashok, 3'500' [= 1067 m]," Darjeeling, India.			cadornae (O. Thomas, 1916)	NA	NA				India|Myanmar|Thailand|Laos|Vietnam|Cambodia	Asia	Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Hypsugo_cadornae	0	sciname match	Hypsugo_cadornae	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Hypsugo_cadornae	1005716	23	Cadorna's Pipistrelle	Thomas's Pipistrelle	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Vespertilionini	Hypsugo	NA	cadornae	O. Thomas	1	Pipistrellus cadornae	Thomas, O. 1916-06-20. Two new Indian bats. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 24(3):415-417.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30151986	BMNH:Mamm:1916.3.25.6	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/844b9f90-f090-49d3-9e90-33381bb77f63	"Pashok, 3'500' [= 1067 m]," Darjeeling, India.			NA	NA				India|Myanmar|Thailand|Laos|Vietnam|Cambodia	Asia	Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Hypsugo_cadornae	0	sciname match	Hypsugo_cadornae	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Hypsugo		cadornae	Thomas	1916	1	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.	24(3): 415	Cadorna's Pipistrelle	None.	India, Darjeeling, Pashok, 3,500 ft. (1,067 m).	NE India, Burma, Guangdong (China), Thailand, Vietnam, Laos.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/17331/22130442/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Listed as a subspecies of savii by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), but see Hill (1962b) and Bates and Harrison (1967).Reviewed in part by Bates et al. (1997), Hendrichsen et al. (2001b), and Lunde et al. (2003a).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Hypsugo cadornae; Hypsugo cadornae; Hypsugo cadornae; Hypsugo cadornae; Hypsugo cadornae; Hypsugo cadornae; cadornae; Vespére de Cadorna; Cadorna-Zwergfledermaus; Hypsugo de Cadorna; Thomas's Pipistrelle; Cadorna's Pipistrelle; Thomas's Pipistrelle; Cadorna's Pipistrelle; Cadorna's Pipistrelle; Pipistrellus cadornae; H. cadornae