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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L463	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Hylonycteris underwoodi	Hylonycteris underwoodi	Hylonycteris underwoodi	Hylonycteris underwoodi	Hylonycteris underwoodi	Hylonycteris underwoodi	Hylonycteris underwoodi	Hylonycteris underwoodi	Hylonycteris underwoodi	Hylonycteris underwoodi	Hylonycteris underwoodi	Hylonycteris underwoodi	Hylonycteris underwoodi	Hylonycteris underwoodi	Hylonycteris underwoodi		[MSW2] Includes minor, but see Alvarez and Alvarez-Castaheda (1991). See Jones and Homan (1974, Mammalian Species, 32).; [MSW3] Includes minor, but see Alvarez and Alvarez-Castañeda (1991). See Jones and Homan (1974). See Reid (1997) for distribution map.; [HMW] Hylonycteris underwood: Thomas, 1903 , “Rancho Redondo [San José], Costa Rica .” " Two subspecies are recognized.; [batnames2022] Includes minor , but see Alvarez and Alvarez-Castañeda (1991). See Jones and Homan (1974). See Reid (1997) for distribution map. Unvouchered in Honduras (see Turcios-Casco et al., 2020).; [IUCN] Includes minor .; [batnames2023] Includes minor , but see Alvarez and Alvarez-Castañeda (1991). See Jones and Homan (1974). See Reid (1997) for distribution map. Unvouchered in Honduras (see Turcios-Casco et al., 2020).; [batnames2025_1.7] Includes minor, but see Alvarez and Alvarez-Castañeda (1991). See Jones and Homan (1974). See Reid (1997) for distribution map. Unvouchered in Honduras (see Turcios-Casco et al., 2020).						minor.	minor, underwoodi	underwoodi, minor		underwoodi, minor		underwoodi, minor		underwoodi, minor	Includes minor .	underwoodi, minor		underwoodi, minor	underwoodi, minor	minor, underwoodi		underwoodi O. Thomas, 1903|minor C. J. Phillips & J. K. Jones, 1971		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Underwood's long-tongued	W Mexico – W Panama bat	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Hylonycteris underwoodi	Costa Rica, San Jose, Rancho Redondo.	Thomas	1903	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 11:287.	Distribution: Same as for genus.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Underwood's long-tongued	W, S Mexico – W Panama bat	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Thomas	1903	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 11:287.	Includes minor, but see Alvarez and Alvarez-Castaheda (1991). See Jones and Homan (1974, Mammalian Species, 32).	W Panama to Nayarit and Veracruz (Mexico).	Costa Rica, San Jose, Rancho Redondo.		THOMAS	1903	Size relatively small (forearm length, 31-37 mm; condylobasal length, 19-22 mm).	Distribution: Same as for genus.	Two subspecies:	H. u. minor (western Mexico from Jalisco to Oaxaca), H. u. underwoodi (Veracruz to western Panama).	82	species	H. underwoodi	THOMAS	1903	Hylonycteris	genus	Hylonycteris underwoodi				Size relatively small (forearm length, 31-37 mm; condylobasal length, 19-22 mm).	Two subspecies:		1. H. underwoodi THOMAS 1903.	1	_H. u. minor_ Phillips & Jones, 1971; _H. u. underwoodi_ Thomas, 1903			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Phyllostomidae	Glossophaginae	Glossophagini	Hylonycteris underwoodi	Hylonycteris		underwoodi	Thomas		1903		Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7	11		287		Underwood's Long-tongued Bat	Costa Rica, San José, Rancho Redondo.	W Panama to Nayarit and Veracruz (Mexico).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt).	minor Phillips and Jones, 1971.	Includes minor, but see Alvarez and Alvarez-Castañeda (1991). See Jones and Homan (1974). See Reid (1997) for distribution map.	03A687BCFF97FF971382F5ADF71BF46C	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff9fffc4ffb1ffb1133cffbaffe0f244	522	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/A6/87/03A687BCFF97FF971382F5ADF71BF46C.xml	Hylonycteris underwoodi	Phyllostomidae	Hylonycteris	underwoodi	Thomas	1903	Hylonyctére d’Underwood @fr | Underwood-Blattnase @de | Hilonicterio de Underwood @es	Hylonycteris underwood: Thomas, 1903 , “Rancho Redondo [San José], Costa Rica .” " Two subspecies are recognized.	H. uw. underwoodi Thomas, 1903 — disjunct from 8S Mexico ( Veracruz ) to E Guatemala , S Belize , and N & W Honduras , and from SE Nicaragua to W Panama . H. u. minor C. J. Phillips &J. K.Jones, 1971 — Pacific slope in Mexico , from Nayarit and Jalisco to S Oaxaca . A.p. discontinuous distribution with gap in Nicaragua might just reflect lack of data because Underwood's Long-tongued bat always occursat rather low densities and is therefore not very often captured.	Head-body 48-60 mm, tail 3-10 mm, ear 9-13 mm, hindfoot 7-11 mm, forearm 31-5-36 mm; weight 6-5-8-5 g (adult, non-reproductive). Females are notably larger than males. Underwood’s Long-tongued Batis very small and delicate. Dorsal hairs are dark brown or blackish, faintly three-banded with bases dark gray, middles pale gray, and tips dark. Muzzle is greatly elongated and tapering, and lower jaw extends well beyond upper jaw. Noseleaf is short (3-4 mm) and narrow. Tail is present and shorter than naked uropatagium. Wing membranes attach to ankles. Underwood’s Long-tongued Batis characterized by absence of lower incisors and elongated snout that encloses long tongue. Dental formula is I 2 /0, C 1/1, P 2/3, M 3/3 ( x2 ) = 30. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 16 and FN = 24.	Almost exclusively in vicinity of primary and older secondary forests, ranging from lowland rainforests at sea level up to cloud forests and higher to elevations of 2640 m . In Mexico , Underwood’s Long-tongued Bats were captured in pine forests while visiting large flowers of a thistle ( Cirsium sp., Asteraceae ).	Underwood's Long-tongued Batis a nectar specialist and uses its long tongue to harvest nectar from a wide variety of flowers. It depends on year-round flower supply and visits flowers that occur in rather low densities scattered throughout forests. All individuals captured in north-eastern Costa Rica throughoutthe year carried pollen and more than 80% of pollen from the hemi-epiphyte Merinthopodium neuranthum ( Solanaceae ) and ¢.70% from canopy liana ( Marcgravia , Macgraviaceae); both flower over rather long periods. Underwood’s Long-tongued Bat very rarely feeds on small and particularly soft fruits, such as those of Conostegia xalapensis ( Melastomataceae ) or Coussapoa oligocephala ( Urticaceae ).	In north-eastern Costa Rica , Underwood’s Long-tongued batis bimodally polyestrous, with pregnant females found in January-April and August—-October. A female in Guatemala had an enlarged uterus from a recent pregnancy in early March.	Underwood’s Long-tongued Batis nocturnal. It often roosts under rotting fallen logs or among buttresses of fallen trees that offer more than one exit. It also roosts in caves or anthropogenic tunnels or culverts.	Underwood’s Long-tongued Bat never occurs at high densities. It roosts alone or in very small groups of 1-4 individuals.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. Underwood’s Long-tongued Bat probably depends on forests that provide year-round sufficient supplies of flowers for nectar, so habitat loss could become a conservation concern.	Castro-Luna & Sosa (2009) | Jones & Homan (1974) | McCarthy et al. (1993) | Reid (2009) | Simmons (2005) | Tschapka (1998, 2004) | Turcios-Casco & Medina-Fitoria (2019)	https://zenodo.org/record/6458748/files/figure.png	73 . Underwood’s Long-tongued Bat Hylonycteris underwoodi French : Hylonyctére d’Underwood / German : Underwood-Blattnase / Spanish : Hilonicterio de Underwood Taxonomy. Hylonycteris underwood: Thomas, 1903 , “Rancho Redondo [San José], Costa Rica .” " Two subspecies are recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. H. uw. underwoodi Thomas, 1903 — disjunct from 8S Mexico ( Veracruz ) to E Guatemala , S Belize , and N & W Honduras , and from SE Nicaragua to W Panama . H. u. minor C. J. Phillips &J. K.Jones, 1971 — Pacific slope in Mexico , from Nayarit and Jalisco to S Oaxaca . A.p. discontinuous distribution with gap in Nicaragua might just reflect lack of data because Underwood's Long-tongued bat always occursat rather low densities and is therefore not very often captured. Descriptive notes. Head-body 48-60 mm, tail 3-10 mm, ear 9-13 mm, hindfoot 7-11 mm, forearm 31-5-36 mm; weight 6-5-8-5 g (adult, non-reproductive). Females are notably larger than males. Underwood’s Long-tongued Batis very small and delicate. Dorsal hairs are dark brown or blackish, faintly three-banded with bases dark gray, middles pale gray, and tips dark. Muzzle is greatly elongated and tapering, and lower jaw extends well beyond upper jaw. Noseleaf is short (3-4 mm) and narrow. Tail is present and shorter than naked uropatagium. Wing membranes attach to ankles. Underwood’s Long-tongued Batis characterized by absence of lower incisors and elongated snout that encloses long tongue. Dental formula is I 2 /0, C 1/1, P 2/3, M 3/3 ( x2 ) = 30. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 16 and FN = 24. Habitat. Almost exclusively in vicinity of primary and older secondary forests, ranging from lowland rainforests at sea level up to cloud forests and higher to elevations of 2640 m . In Mexico , Underwood’s Long-tongued Bats were captured in pine forests while visiting large flowers of a thistle ( Cirsium sp., Asteraceae ). Food and Feeding. Underwood's Long-tongued Batis a nectar specialist and uses its long tongue to harvest nectar from a wide variety of flowers. It depends on year-round flower supply and visits flowers that occur in rather low densities scattered throughout forests. All individuals captured in north-eastern Costa Rica throughoutthe year carried pollen and more than 80% of pollen from the hemi-epiphyte Merinthopodium neuranthum ( Solanaceae ) and ¢.70% from canopy liana ( Marcgravia , Macgraviaceae); both flower over rather long periods. Underwood’s Long-tongued Bat very rarely feeds on small and particularly soft fruits, such as those of Conostegia xalapensis ( Melastomataceae ) or Coussapoa oligocephala ( Urticaceae ). Breeding. In north-eastern Costa Rica , Underwood’s Long-tongued batis bimodally polyestrous, with pregnant females found in January-April and August—-October. A female in Guatemala had an enlarged uterus from a recent pregnancy in early March. Activity patterns. Underwood’s Long-tongued Batis nocturnal. It often roosts under rotting fallen logs or among buttresses of fallen trees that offer more than one exit. It also roosts in caves or anthropogenic tunnels or culverts. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Underwood’s Long-tongued Bat never occurs at high densities. It roosts alone or in very small groups of 1-4 individuals. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. Underwood’s Long-tongued Bat probably depends on forests that provide year-round sufficient supplies of flowers for nectar, so habitat loss could become a conservation concern. Bibliography. Castro-Luna & Sosa (2009), Jones & Homan (1974), McCarthy et al. (1993), Reid (2009), Simmons (2005), Tschapka (1998, 2004), Turcios-Casco & Medina-Fitoria (2019).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Phyllostomidae	Hylonycteris underwoodi	Hylonycteris		underwoodi	Thomas	1903	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 7, 11: 287	Underwood's Long-tongued Bat	<b> minor </b> Phillips and Jones, 1971.	Costa Rica, San José, Rancho Redondo.	W Panama to Nayarit and Veracruz (Mexico).	Not listed.	Least Concern	Includes minor , but see Alvarez and Alvarez-Castañeda (1991). See Jones and Homan (1974). See Reid (1997) for distribution map. Unvouchered in Honduras (see Turcios-Casco et al., 2020).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Hylonycteris underwoodi	23	Underwood's Long-tongued Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	GLOSSOPHAGINAE	CHOERONYCTERINI	Hylonycteris	NA	underwoodi	O. Thomas	1903	0	Hylonycteris_Underwoodi	Thomas, O. (1903). Two new Glossophagine bats from Central America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Ser.7, 11, 287.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63777#page/317/mode/1up	BM 1903.2.1.5		"Rancho Redondo [San José], Costa Rica."			underwoodi O. Thomas, 1903|minor C. J. Phillips & J. K. Jones, 1971	NA	NA	Mexico|Guatemala|Belize|Honduras|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama	North America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Hylonycteris_underwoodi	0	sciname match	Hylonycteris_underwoodi	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	10598	Hylonycteris underwoodi	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	Hylonycteris	underwoodi	Thomas, 1903	Includes minor .	20000000	Hylonycteris underwoodi	Least Concern		2016	2016-08-08 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, it occurs in a number of protected areas, and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category.	This species can be found in evergreen forest and opening on the Caribbean Slope, especially at middle elevations. It occasionally is recorded in deciduous forest (Reid 2009). It roosts in small caves and culverts. Pollen, fruit and insects are taken in addition to nectar (Gardner 1977). In Costa Rica, birth peaks occur in the dry season, February to April, and in the wet season, August to November (Wilson 1979). In Mexico it has been recorded at selva mediana (cities forest) (Coates-Estrada and Estrada 1986). It is also been reported in template forest (Alvarez-Castaneda and Alvarez 1991) and tropical moist montane forest (Emmons and Feer 1997). Its distribution does not show important habitat reduction (Cuaron and de Grammont pers. comm.).	No major threats throughout its range.	This bat is fairly common (Reid 2009); however, it is not common in Nicaragua (Medina pers. comm.).	Stable	This species is known from west Panama to Nayarit and Veracruz (Mexico) (Simmons 2005). It occurs from lowlands to 2,600 m (Reid 2009). It is documented from Panama, Costa Rica and Nicaragua (McCarthy et al. 1993), and more recently from Honduras (Merida C. and Cruz 2014).		Terrestrial	Found in several protected areas through its geographic distribution, including national parks and forest reserves.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Phyllostomidae	Hylonycteris		underwoodi	Thomas	1903	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 7, 11: 287	Underwood's Long-tongued Bat	<b> minor </b> Phillips and Jones, 1971.	Costa Rica, San José, Rancho Redondo.	W Panama to Nayarit and Veracruz (Mexico).	Not listed.	Least Concern	Includes minor , but see Alvarez and Alvarez-Castañeda (1991). See Jones and Homan (1974). See Reid (1997) for distribution map. Unvouchered in Honduras (see Turcios-Casco et al., 2020).	Hylonycteris underwoodi	1004904	23	Underwood's Long-tongued Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Phyllostomidae	GLOSSOPHAGINAE	CHOERONYCTERINI	Hylonycteris	NA	underwoodi	O. Thomas	1903	0	Hylonycteris_Underwoodi	Thomas, O. (1903). Two new Glossophagine bats from Central America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Ser.7, 11, 287.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63777#page/317/mode/1up	BM 1903.2.1.5		"Rancho Redondo [San José], Costa Rica."			underwoodi O. Thomas, 1903|minor C. J. Phillips & J. K. Jones, 1971	NA	NA				Mexico|Guatemala|Belize|Honduras|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama	North America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Hylonycteris_underwoodi	0	sciname match	Hylonycteris_underwoodi	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Hylonycteris_underwoodi	1004904	23	Underwood's Long-tongued Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Phyllostomidae	Glossophaginae	Choeronycterini	Hylonycteris	NA	underwoodi	O. Thomas	0	Hylonycteris Underwoodi	Thomas, O. 1903-03-01. Two new glossophagine bats from central America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7)11(63):286-289.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/19367834	BMNH:Mamm:1903.2.1.5	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/c566505a-fa28-47e2-a606-5dc0adfcb730	"Rancho Redondo [San José], Costa Rica."			NA	NA				Mexico|Guatemala|Belize|Honduras|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama	North America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Hylonycteris_underwoodi	0	sciname match	Hylonycteris_underwoodi	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Phyllostomidae	Hylonycteris		underwoodi	Thomas	1903	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 7, 11: 287	Underwood's Long-tongued Bat	minor Phillips and Jones, 1971.	Costa Rica, San José, Rancho Redondo.	W Panama to Nayarit and Veracruz (Mexico).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10598/22036808/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Includes minor, but see Alvarez and Alvarez-Castañeda (1991). See Jones and Homan (1974). See Reid (1997) for distribution map. Unvouchered in Honduras (see Turcios-Casco et al., 2020).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	Choeronycterina	Hylonycteris underwoodi; Hylonycteris underwoodi; Hylonycteris underwoodi; Hylonycteris underwoodi; Hylonycteris underwoodi; Hylonycteris underwoodi; underwoodi; minor; underwoodi; minor; minor; underwoodi; minor; Hylonyctére d’Underwood; Underwood-Blattnase; Hilonicterio de Underwood; Underwood's Long-tongued Bat; Underwood's Long-tongued Bat; Underwood's Long-tongued Bat; H. underwoodi