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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L446	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Hipposideros turpis	Hipposideros turpis	Hipposideros turpis	Hipposideros turpis	Hipposideros turpis	Hipposideros turpis	Hipposideros turpis	Hipposideros turpis	Hipposideros turpis	Hipposideros turpis	Hipposideros turpis	Hipposideros turpis	Hipposideros turpis	Hipposideros turpis	Hipposideros turpis		[MSW3] armiger species group. Distinct from armiger; see Hill (1963b), Yoshiyuki (1989), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Includes alongensis, see Topál (1993).; [HMW] Hipposideros turpis Bangs, 1901 , “Ishigaki Island, southern group of Liu Kiu Islands,’’ Japan . Hipposideros turpis is in the armiger species group. This species was traditionally considered to include three subspecies, turpis , alongensis , and pendleburyi . Thong Vu Dinh and colleagues in 2012 demonstrated that all three were distinct species. Monotypic.; [batnames2022]  armiger species group. Distinct from armiger; see Hill (1963b), Yoshiyuki (1989), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Does not include alongensis or pendleburyi ; see Thong et al. (2012). Reviewed by Thong et al.(2011).; [MDD2022] previously included H. alongensis and H. pendleburyi; [IUCN] The turpis species complex is now recognized to comprise 3 distinct species: H. turpis , H. pendleburyi , and H. alongensis (Thong et al. 2012).; [batnames2023]  armiger species group. Distinct from armiger; see Hill (1963b), Yoshiyuki (1989), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Does not include alongensis or pendleburyi ; see Thong et al. (2012). Reviewed by Thong et al.(2011).; [MDD2023] previously included H. alongensis and H. pendleburyi; [MDD2025_2.0] previously included H. alongensis and H. pendleburyi; [batnames2025_1.7] armiger species group. Distinct from armiger; see Hill (1963b), Yoshiyuki (1989), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Does not include alongensis or pendleburyi; see Thong et al. (2012). Reviewed by Thong et al.(2011).; [MDD2025_2.2] previously included H. alongensis and H. pendleburyi						pendleburyi.	pendleburyi, turpis	turpis, alongensis, pendleburyi						turpis	The turpis species complex is now recognized to comprise 3 distinct species: H. turpis , H. pendleburyi , and H. alongensis (Thong et al. 2012).			turpis	turpis			turpis Bangs, 1901		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		S Thailand, Ryukyu Is	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Hipposideros turpis	Japan, Ryukyu Isis., Sakishima Isis., Ishigaki Isl.	Bangs	1901	Am. Nat., 35:561.	Distribution: Known only from the Riukiu islands and penin sular Thailand.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Lesser leaf-nosed bat	S Thailand, Ryukyu Is	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Bangs	1901	Am. Nat., 35:561.		Peninsular Thailand; Ishigaki Isl, Yonakuni Isl and Iriomote Isl (S Ryukyu Isis, Japan).	Japan, Ryukyu Isis, Sakishima Isis, Ishigaki Isl.		BANGS	1901	Noseleaf with three lateral leaflets. Size fairly large (forearm length, 67-80 mm).	Distribution: Known only from the Riukiu islands and penin sular Thailand.	Two subspecies are recognized:	H. t. pendleburyi (peninsular Thailand), H. t. turpis (Riukius).	65	species	H. turpis	BANGS	1901	Hipposideros	genus	Hipposideros turpis				Noseleaf with three lateral leaflets. Size fairly large (forearm length, 67-80 mm).	Two subspecies are recognized:		43. H. turpis BANGS 1901 [armiger group],	43	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Hipposideridae			Hipposideros turpis	Hipposideros		turpis	Bangs		1901		Am. Nat.	35		561		Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat	Japan, Ryukyu Isls, Sakishima Isls, Ishigaki Isl.	Peninsular Thailand and Vietnam; Ryukyu Isls (Japan).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Endangered.	alongensis Bourret, 1942; pendleburyi Chasen, 1936.	armiger species group. Distinct from armiger; see Hill (1963b), Yoshiyuki (1989), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Includes alongensis, see Topál (1993).	03BD87A2C67DA208F885F482FD224729	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Hipposideridae_210.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff84ffdac676a204fff8ff9affef4346	238	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/BD/87/03BD87A2C67DA208F885F482FD224729.xml	Hipposideros turpis	Hipposideridae	Hipposideros	turpis	Bangs	1901	Phyllorhine des Ryukyu @fr | Ryukyu-Rundblattnase @de | Hiposidérido de Ryukyu @es | Lesser Great Leaf-nosed Bat @en | Lesser Roundleaf Bat @en	Hipposideros turpis Bangs, 1901 , “Ishigaki Island, southern group of Liu Kiu Islands,’’ Japan . Hipposideros turpis is in the armiger species group. This species was traditionally considered to include three subspecies, turpis , alongensis , and pendleburyi . Thong Vu Dinh and colleagues in 2012 demonstrated that all three were distinct species. Monotypic.	Endemic to Japan , known only from Yaeyama Is (Yonaguni, Iriomote, Ishigaki, and Hateruma) .	Head-body 69-88 mm, tail 42-51 mm, ear 26-5-28 mm, hindfoot 13-4— 18 mm , forearm 64—73-2 mm; weight 25—33-2 g. The Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat presents an anterior noseleaf narrowed in mid part, with three depressions on its anterior border. As in the Ha Long Leaf-nosed Bat ( H. alongensis ), it presents four pairs of supplementary lateral leaflets, second pair being most developed. Intermediate leaf is attached with inflated intemarial septum. Posterior leaf is narrower than intermediate, and presents four noticeable cells on frontal surface, separated by three vertical septa. Dorsal fur is brownish reddish, ventral fur is paler. Baculum is short and inverted-Y-shaped.	The Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat is known to inhabit limestone caves, unused mines and even air-raid shelters in the Yaeyama Islands.	Diet of the Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat is probably based mainly on insects.	Female Lesser Leaf-nosed Bats give birth from mid-May to midJune, depending on the temperature and climatic conditions between February and May. The mating period occurs some weeks after the birth of the previous offspring.	Call frequency ranges at 77-4-83-6 kHz.	The Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat is normally gregarious, forming large colonies of up to 10,000 individuals. .	Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List, when the Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat was still thought to comprise three subspecies. No assessments of their conservation status have yet been carried out since the three subspecies were reclassified as distinct species. As this species was initially listed as Near Threatened, the current status should be, at least, within the same category, although its more restricted range probably suggests a more precarious status. The main threat to the Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat might be disturbance of caves and other roosts. It has been reported that on Iriomote Island, the principal breeding colonies have been visited by people for several years; in addition, this species is also threatened by forest clearance, wood extraction and the expansion of agricultural lands. Strong declines have been reported on other islands of the archipelago. Collection of new data and further research are needed to understand the population distribution and ecology of this species.	Abe et al. (2005) | Csorba, Bates & Furey (2008a) | Ohdachi et al. (2009) | Thong Vu Dinh, Puechmaille, Denzinger, Bates et al. (2012)		30. Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros turpis French: Phyllorhine des Ryukyu I German: Ryukyu-Rundblattnase / Spanish: Hiposidérido de Ryukyu Other common names: Lesser Great Leaf-nosed Bat , Lesser Roundleaf Bat Taxonomy. Hipposideros turpis Bangs, 1901 , “Ishigaki Island, southern group of Liu Kiu Islands,’’ Japan . Hipposideros turpis is in the armiger species group. This species was traditionally considered to include three subspecies, turpis , alongensis , and pendleburyi . Thong Vu Dinh and colleagues in 2012 demonstrated that all three were distinct species. Monotypic. Distribution. Endemic to Japan , known only from Yaeyama Is (Yonaguni, Iriomote, Ishigaki, and Hateruma) . Descriptive notes. Head-body 69-88 mm, tail 42-51 mm, ear 26-5-28 mm, hindfoot 13-4— 18 mm , forearm 64—73-2 mm; weight 25—33-2 g. The Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat presents an anterior noseleaf narrowed in mid part, with three depressions on its anterior border. As in the Ha Long Leaf-nosed Bat ( H. alongensis ), it presents four pairs of supplementary lateral leaflets, second pair being most developed. Intermediate leaf is attached with inflated intemarial septum. Posterior leaf is narrower than intermediate, and presents four noticeable cells on frontal surface, separated by three vertical septa. Dorsal fur is brownish reddish, ventral fur is paler. Baculum is short and inverted-Y-shaped. Habitat. The Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat is known to inhabit limestone caves, unused mines and even air-raid shelters in the Yaeyama Islands. Food and Feeding. Diet of the Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat is probably based mainly on insects. Breeding. Female Lesser Leaf-nosed Bats give birth from mid-May to midJune, depending on the temperature and climatic conditions between February and May. The mating period occurs some weeks after the birth of the previous offspring. Activity patterns. Call frequency ranges at 77-4-83-6 kHz. Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat is normally gregarious, forming large colonies of up to 10,000 individuals. . Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List, when the Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat was still thought to comprise three subspecies. No assessments of their conservation status have yet been carried out since the three subspecies were reclassified as distinct species. As this species was initially listed as Near Threatened, the current status should be, at least, within the same category, although its more restricted range probably suggests a more precarious status. The main threat to the Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat might be disturbance of caves and other roosts. It has been reported that on Iriomote Island, the principal breeding colonies have been visited by people for several years; in addition, this species is also threatened by forest clearance, wood extraction and the expansion of agricultural lands. Strong declines have been reported on other islands of the archipelago. Collection of new data and further research are needed to understand the population distribution and ecology of this species. Bibliography Abe et al. (2005), Csorba, Bates & Furey (2008a), Ohdachi et al. (2009), Thong Vu Dinh, Puechmaille, Denzinger, Bates et al. (2012).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Hipposideridae	Hipposideros turpis	Hipposideros		turpis	Bangs	1901	0	Am. Nat.	44:21:00	Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat	None.	Japan, Ryukyu Isls, Sakishima Isls, Ishigaki Isl.	Ryukyu Isls (Japan).	Not listed.	Endangered	 armiger species group. Distinct from armiger; see Hill (1963b), Yoshiyuki (1989), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Does not include alongensis or pendleburyi ; see Thong et al. (2012). Reviewed by Thong et al.(2011).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Hipposideros turpis	23	Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat	Lesser Great Leaf-nosed Bat|Lesser Roundleaf Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	HIPPOSIDERIDAE	NA	NA	Hipposideros	NA	turpis	Bangs	1901	0	Hipposideros_turpis	Bangs, O. (1901). Notes on a small collection of mammals from the Liu Kiu Islands. The American Naturalist, 35, 561.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/135045#page/596/mode/1up	MCZ 10003		"Ishigaki Island, southern group of Liu Kiu Islands," Japan.			turpis Bangs, 1901	previously included H. alongensis and H. pendleburyi	Thong, V. D., Puechmaille, S. J., Denzinger, A., Bates, P. J., Dietz, C., Csorba, G., ... & Schintzler, H. U. (2012). Systematics of the Hipposideros turpis complex and a description of a new subspecies from Vietnam. Mammal Review, 42(2), 166-192.	Japan	Asia	Palearctic	EN	0	0	0	Hipposideros_turpis	0	sciname match	Hipposideros_turpis	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	80000000	Hipposideros turpis	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	HIPPOSIDERIDAE	Hipposideros	turpis	Bangs, 1901	The turpis species complex is now recognized to comprise 3 distinct species: H. turpis , H. pendleburyi , and H. alongensis (Thong et al. 2012).	20000000	Hipposideros turpis	Endangered	B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)	2019	2018-07-25 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This range restricted species is known only from the Yaeyama (Sakishima) Islands of Japan, it is severely fragmented and its area of occupancy is less than 500 km² and the extent of occurrence is 4,751 km². It is dependent on karst habitats and there has been no evidence regarding increase or remaining the known population. The species population is ongoing decline due to disturbance of its roosting caves by tourism as well as deforestation of the surrounding foraging areas. The species is listed as Endangered under criterion B.	During the day, this species is found roosting in natural caves, abandoned mines and bomb shelters, often in large colonies of up to 10,000 individuals (Maeda and Matsumoto 2004, Sano 2015).It forages in the surrounding woodland. Prey includes Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Trichoptera, Odonata, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Neuroptera, Blattaria and Araneae, feeds mainly on Coleoptera from spring to summer, Anomalaalbopilosaseems to be frequently consumed (Fukui et al. 2009). Maternity colonies comprise both sexes, single young are born from late May to June (Matsumura 1988). Self-feeding starts at 5–6 weeks of age, most females first give birth at the end of their 3rd year (S. Matsumura pers. comm.).	In general, human disturbance at roosting sites is the main threat. On the island of Iriomote the main breeding colonies are concentrated in two caves, most caves are subject to the risk of disturbance. The areas surrounding these caves are National Forest, but there has been pressure to develop the areas around the caves which would involve forest clearance. A nursing colony of 1,000 individuals in the western part of Iriomote Island has been disturbed by tourists since 2005. Development for agriculture and logging would remove key foraging areas and result in potential isolation of the cave roosts, causing declines of these principal populations. Similar declines have already been observed in other nearby islands. Above several caves roosted by this species (110-196 newborn young and 900-1,730 individuals during maternity and hibernation periods, respectively) on the Ishigaki Island, new airport has been constructed in 2013. After construction, number of roosting individuals in these caves have not been significantly declined in maternity season (100-200 newborn young), but have been declined in Autumn and hibernation period (about 350 individuals) (Kara Karst Scientific Committee 2014, New Ishigaki Airport Bat Monitoring Committee 2015). There has been similar pressure on Ishigaki Island to build a holiday resort. Publicity about the plight of these bats resulted in increased public interest, including increased tourism to the breeding caves.	There are at least five colonies on Iriomote Island. Ohtomi-daiichi-do, is known as a home to the largest colony of the species with over 10,000 individuals (Maeda and Matsumoto 2004). Other colonies of the species are estimated with fewer individuals: ca. 500-650 on Yonaguni (Ministry of the Environment 2014), 8,900 on Ishigaki (Koyanagi et al. 2013), and less than 400 on Hateruma (Ministry of the Environment 2014).	Decreasing	This species is known only from the Yaeyama (Sakishima) Islands of Japan, including Iriomote, Ishigaki, Yonaguni, and Hateruma Islands (Sano 2015) and is not likely to occur more widely.		Terrestrial	The areas around some sites are national forests. There has been pressure to protect important roost sites and associated habitat. Fences were erected at the cave entrances to control tourists, and a small area originally designated for development was proposed as a reserve (Hutson et al. 2001). Near the new airport, an artificial cave has been constructed as an alternative roost, but only few individualsare roosted so far. It is listed as Threatened Local Population (LP) for Yonaguni and Hateruma islands populations in the Japanese Red List (Ministry of the Environment 2014).	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Hipposideridae	Hipposideros		turpis	Bangs	1901	0	Am. Nat.	44:21:00	Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat	None.	Japan, Ryukyu Isls, Sakishima Isls, Ishigaki Isl.	Ryukyu Isls (Japan).	Not listed.	Endangered	 armiger species group. Distinct from armiger; see Hill (1963b), Yoshiyuki (1989), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Does not include alongensis or pendleburyi ; see Thong et al. (2012). Reviewed by Thong et al.(2011).	Hipposideros turpis	1004639	23	Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat	Lesser Great Leaf-nosed Bat|Lesser Roundleaf Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	Hipposideridae	NA	NA	Hipposideros	NA	turpis	Bangs	1901	0	Hipposideros_turpis	Bangs, O. (1901). Notes on a small collection of mammals from the Liu Kiu Islands. The American Naturalist, 35, 561.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/135045#page/596/mode/1up	MCZ 10003		"Ishigaki Island, southern group of Liu Kiu Islands," Japan.			turpis Bangs, 1901	previously included H. alongensis and H. pendleburyi	Thong, V. D., Puechmaille, S. J., Denzinger, A., Bates, P. J., Dietz, C., Csorba, G., ... & Schintzler, H. U. (2012). Systematics of the Hipposideros turpis complex and a description of a new subspecies from Vietnam. Mammal Review, 42(2), 166-192.				Japan	Asia	Palearctic	EN	0	0	0	Hipposideros_turpis	0	sciname match	Hipposideros_turpis	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Hipposideros_turpis	1004639	23	Lesser Roundleaf Bat	Lesser Great Leaf-nosed Bat|Lesser Roundleaf Bat|Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Rhinolophoidea	Hipposideridae	NA	NA	Hipposideros	NA	turpis	Bangs	0	Hipposideros turpis	Bangs, O. 1901. Notes on a small collection of mammals from the Liu Kiu Islands. The American Naturalist 35(415):561-562.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42539590	MCZ:Mamm:10003	holotype	https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Mamm:10003	"Ishigaki Island, southern group of Liu Kiu Islands," Japan.			previously included H. alongensis and H. pendleburyi	Thong, V. D., Puechmaille, S. J., Denzinger, A., Bates, P. J., Dietz, C., Csorba, G., ... & Schintzler, H. U. (2012). Systematics of the Hipposideros turpis complex and a description of a new subspecies from Vietnam. Mammal Review, 42(2), 166-192.				Japan	Asia	Palearctic	EN	0	0	0	Hipposideros_turpis	0	sciname match	Hipposideros_turpis	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Hipposideridae	Hipposideros		turpis	Bangs	1901	0	Am. Nat.	44:21:00	Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat	None.	Japan, Ryukyu Isls, Sakishima Isls, Ishigaki Isl.	Ryukyu Isls (Japan).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/80224148/22099660/' target='_blank'>Endangered</a>	armiger species group. Distinct from armiger; see Hill (1963b), Yoshiyuki (1989), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Does not include alongensis or pendleburyi; see Thong et al. (2012). Reviewed by Thong et al.(2011).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Hipposideros turpis; Hipposideros turpis; Hipposideros turpis; Hipposideros turpis; Hipposideros turpis; Hipposideros turpis; turpis; alongensis; pendleburyi; turpis; Phyllorhine des Ryukyu; Ryukyu-Rundblattnase; Hiposidérido de Ryukyu; Lesser Great Leaf-nosed Bat; Lesser Roundleaf Bat; Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat; Lesser Great Leaf-nosed Bat; Lesser Roundleaf Bat; Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat; Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat; H. turpis