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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L445	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	Hipposideros caffer [synonym of]	Hipposideros caffer tephrus	Hipposideros caffer tephrus	Hipposideros tephrus	Hipposideros tephrus	Hipposideros tephrus	Hipposideros tephrus	Hipposideros tephrus	Hipposideros tephrus	Hipposideros tephrus	Hipposideros tephrus	Hipposideros tephrus		[HMW] Hipposideros [sic] tephrus a ­ brera, 1906 , Mogador , Morocco . Hipposideros tephrus belongs to the ruber species group. It was previously considered a subspecies of H. coffer. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Previously included as a subspecies of caffer ; see Vallo et al. 2008.; [MDD2022] split from H. caffer; records of H. caffer through East and West Africa likely represent this species, including the names bicornis (wich would have priority) and braima (both currently listed under caffer tentatively); [IUCN] Formerly considered part of the Hipposideros caffer complex as Hipposideros caffer tephrus. Taxonomic revision by Vallo et al. (2008) established it as a distinct species. ; [batnames2023] Previously included as a subspecies of caffer ; see Vallo et al. 2008.; [MDD2023] split from H. caffer; records of H. caffer through East and West Africa likely represent this species, including the names bicornis (wich would have priority) and braima (both currently listed under caffer tentatively); [MDD2025_2.0] split from H. caffer; records of H. caffer through East and West Africa likely represent this species, including the names bicornis (wich would have priority) and braima (both currently listed under caffer tentatively); [batnames2025_1.7] Previously included as a subspecies of caffer; see Vallo et al. 2008.; [MDD2025_2.2] split from H. caffer; records of H. caffer through East and West Africa likely represent this species, including the names bicornis (wich would have priority) and braima (both currently listed under caffer tentatively)														tephrus	Formerly considered part of the Hipposideros caffer complex as Hipposideros caffer tephrus. Taxonomic revision by Vallo et al. (2008) established it as a distinct species. 			tephrus 	tephrus, braima, braimah			tephrus Cabrera, 1906|braima Monard, 1939|braimah Rosevear, 1965 [incorrect subsequent spelling]						N/A																																								NA																											03BD87A2C660A212FF52F3F7F35547D7	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Hipposideridae_210.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff84ffdac676a204fff8ff9affef4346	249	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/BD/87/03BD87A2C660A212FF52F3F7F35547D7.xml	Hipposideros tephrus	Hipposideridae	Hipposideros	tephrus	Cabrera	1906	Phyllorhine cendrée @fr | Maghreb-Rundblattnase @de | Hiposidérido de Magreb @es | Ash Gray Leaf-nosed Bat @en	Hipposideros [sic] tephrus a ­ brera, 1906 , Mogador , Morocco . Hipposideros tephrus belongs to the ruber species group. It was previously considered a subspecies of H. coffer. Monotypic.	Extent of this species’ distribution is not yet known; recorded with certainty in Morocco , Senegal , Saudi Arabia , and Yemen . It is thought to be continuously distributed from Mauritania and Senegal E to South Sudan , Ethiopia , and Eritrea . However, boundary between this species and the morphologically identical H. coffer is not known .	Head-body 45-50 mm, tail 27—35 mm , ear 12—15 mm , hindfoot 6-9 mm. The Maghreb Leaf-nosed Bat has short, rounded wings. Muzzle is relatively short, with large but simple noseleaf that has two lateral leaflets. A frontal sac is present. Intemarial septum is not swollen and does not partially cover the nares. Ears are separate, and relatively small. Fur is fine and fluffy, gray or brown gray dorsally, paler ventrally; an orange morph also occurs that is typically reddish golden.	Inhabits riparian forest in arid savanna and woodland. Occurs in the Sahel zone and further south in Sudanian savanna.	The Maghreb Leaf-nosed Bat is likely to be insectivorous.	Based on observations in northern Nigeria (which probably refer to this species), a single young is bom in a restricted season: mating appears to take place in November at the end of the rainy season, with births in late April at the beginning of the rainy season. Females lactate for two months, until late June.	The Maghreb Leaf-nosed Bat roosts in a variety of situations including caves, and holes in the ground. Echolocation call includes a F component at c.140-150 kHz.	Maghreb Leaf-nosed Bats may roost in large colonies of up to 1000 individuals. Roosting colonies include adult males and females. At one cave in Nigeria , males apparendy dispersed away from a large colony at the time of parturition, effectively resulting in the cave forming a maternity roost for the remaining females.	Classified as Least Concern on 7%♂ IUCN Red List. Due to its wide distribution and large populations, the Maghreb Leaf-nosed Bat is unlikely to become threatened in the near future.	Aellen (1952) | Bernard & Happold (2013b) | Harrison & Bates (1991) | Hill (1963a) | Koopman (1989) | Koopman et al. (1995) | Nader (1982) | Vallo et al. (2008) | Van Cakenberghe et al. (2017)		61. Maghreb Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros tephrus French: Phyllorhine cendrée I German: Maghreb-Rundblattnase / Spanish: Hiposidérido de Magreb Other common names: Ash Gray Leaf-nosed Bat Taxonomy. Hipposideros [sic] tephrus a ­ brera, 1906 , Mogador , Morocco . Hipposideros tephrus belongs to the ruber species group. It was previously considered a subspecies of H. coffer. Monotypic. Distribution. Extent of this species’ distribution is not yet known; recorded with certainty in Morocco , Senegal , Saudi Arabia , and Yemen . It is thought to be continuously distributed from Mauritania and Senegal E to South Sudan , Ethiopia , and Eritrea . However, boundary between this species and the morphologically identical H. coffer is not known . Descriptive notes. Head-body 45-50 mm, tail 27—35 mm , ear 12—15 mm , hindfoot 6-9 mm. The Maghreb Leaf-nosed Bat has short, rounded wings. Muzzle is relatively short, with large but simple noseleaf that has two lateral leaflets. A frontal sac is present. Intemarial septum is not swollen and does not partially cover the nares. Ears are separate, and relatively small. Fur is fine and fluffy, gray or brown gray dorsally, paler ventrally; an orange morph also occurs that is typically reddish golden. Habitat. Inhabits riparian forest in arid savanna and woodland. Occurs in the Sahel zone and further south in Sudanian savanna. Food and Feeding. The Maghreb Leaf-nosed Bat is likely to be insectivorous. Breeding. Based on observations in northern Nigeria (which probably refer to this species), a single young is bom in a restricted season: mating appears to take place in November at the end of the rainy season, with births in late April at the beginning of the rainy season. Females lactate for two months, until late June. Activity patterns. The Maghreb Leaf-nosed Bat roosts in a variety of situations including caves, and holes in the ground. Echolocation call includes a F component at c.140-150 kHz. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Maghreb Leaf-nosed Bats may roost in large colonies of up to 1000 individuals. Roosting colonies include adult males and females. At one cave in Nigeria , males apparendy dispersed away from a large colony at the time of parturition, effectively resulting in the cave forming a maternity roost for the remaining females. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on 7%♂ IUCN Red List. Due to its wide distribution and large populations, the Maghreb Leaf-nosed Bat is unlikely to become threatened in the near future. Bibliography. Aellen (1952), Bernard & Happold (2013b), Harrison & Bates (1991), Hill (1963a), Koopman (1989), Koopman et al. (1995), Nader (1982), Vallo et al. (2008), Van Cakenberghe et al. (2017).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Hipposideridae	Hipposideros tephrus	Hipposideros		tephrus	Cabrera	1906	0	Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat.	0.4986	Ash Gray Leaf-nosed Bat	None.		Mahgreb West Africa and the Arabian Peninsula	Not listed.	Least Concern	Previously included as a subspecies of caffer ; see Vallo et al. 2008.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Hipposideros tephrus	23	Maghreb Leaf-nosed Bat	Ash Gray Leaf-nosed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	HIPPOSIDERIDAE	NA	NA	Hipposideros	NA	tephrus	Cabrera	1906	0	Hipposiderus_tephrus	Cabrera, A. (1906). Mamiferos de Mogador. Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, 6, 358.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17792#page/370/mode/1up	MNCN 110		Mogador, Morocco.			tephrus Cabrera, 1906	split from H. caffer; records of H. caffer through East and West Africa likely represent this species, including the names bicornis (wich would have priority) and braima (both currently listed under caffer tentatively)	Vallo, P., Guillén-Servent, A., Benda, P., Pires, D. B., & Koubek, P. (2008). Variation of mitochondrial DNA in the Hipposideros caffer complex (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) and its taxonomic implications. Acta Chiropterologica, 10(2), 193-206.	Morocco|Senegal|Saudi Arabia|Yemen|Mauritania?|Gambia?|Mali?|Burkina Faso?|Sierra Leone?|Côte d'Ivoire?|Ghana?|Benin?|Togo?|Nigeria?|Niger?|Sudan?|South Sudan?|Uganda?|Ethiopia?|Eritrea?	Africa|Asia	Afrotropic|Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Hipposideros_tephrus	0	unmatched	NA	1	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	90000000	Hipposideros tephrus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	HIPPOSIDERIDAE	Hipposideros	tephrus	Cabrera, 1906	Formerly considered part of the Hipposideros caffer complex as Hipposideros caffer tephrus. Taxonomic revision by Vallo et al. (2008) established it as a distinct species. 	90000000	Hipposideros tephrus	Least Concern		2017	2016-04-24 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining at the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category.	This species occurs in arid ecosystems and seasonally dry open forests, and coastal forest in northern and western Africa and south-western Arabia savanna (Vallo et al . 2008). It is usually associated with rivers and other water resources, provided there are caves or buildings where it can roost during the day (Happold 1987)	Human disturbance to roosting sites (caves) could have a negative effect.	Hipposideros tephrus has a wide distribution and the population is presumed to be large, but more precise informations are not available.	Unknown	A relatively wide-ranging species occurring in the Maghreb (North Africa), West Africa, and the Arabian Peninsula. Confirmed in Morocco, Senegal, and Yemen, but may occur between these sites as well.		Terrestrial	No specific conservation measures in place. May occur in several protected areas throughout its range.	Afrotropical|Palearctic		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Hipposideridae	Hipposideros		tephrus	Cabrera	1906	0	Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat.	0.498611	Ash Gray Leaf-nosed Bat	None.		Mahgreb West Africa and the Arabian Peninsula	Not listed.	Least Concern	Previously included as a subspecies of caffer ; see Vallo et al. 2008.	Hipposideros tephrus	1004638	23	Maghreb Leaf-nosed Bat	Ash Gray Leaf-nosed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	Hipposideridae	NA	NA	Hipposideros	NA	tephrus	Cabrera	1906	0	Hipposiderus_tephrus	Cabrera, A. (1906). Mamiferos de Mogador. Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, 6, 358.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/17792#page/370/mode/1up	MNCN 110		Mogador, Morocco.			tephrus Cabrera, 1906	split from H. caffer; records of H. caffer through East and West Africa likely represent this species, including the names bicornis (wich would have priority) and braima (both currently listed under caffer tentatively)	Vallo, P., Guillén-Servent, A., Benda, P., Pires, D. B., & Koubek, P. (2008). Variation of mitochondrial DNA in the Hipposideros caffer complex (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) and its taxonomic implications. Acta Chiropterologica, 10(2), 193-206.				Morocco|Senegal|Saudi Arabia|Yemen|Mauritania?|Gambia?|Mali?|Burkina Faso?|Sierra Leone?|Côte d'Ivoire?|Ghana?|Benin?|Togo?|Nigeria?|Niger?|Sudan?|South Sudan?|Uganda?|Ethiopia?|Eritrea?	Africa|Asia	Afrotropic|Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Hipposideros_tephrus	0	unmatched	NA	1	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Hipposideros_tephrus	1004638	23	Maghreb Roundleaf Bat	Ash Gray Leaf-nosed Bat|Maghreb Leaf-nosed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Rhinolophoidea	Hipposideridae	NA	NA	Hipposideros	NA	tephrus	Cabrera	0	Hipposiderus tephrus	Cabrera, Á. 1906-07. Mamíferos de Mogador. Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural 6(6):357-368.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1726945	MNCN 110	holotype		Mogador, Morocco.			split from H. caffer; records of H. caffer through East and West Africa likely represent this species, including the names bicornis (wich would have priority) and braima (both currently listed under caffer tentatively)	Vallo, P., Guillén-Servent, A., Benda, P., Pires, D. B., & Koubek, P. (2008). Variation of mitochondrial DNA in the Hipposideros caffer complex (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) and its taxonomic implications. Acta Chiropterologica, 10(2), 193-206.				Morocco|Senegal|Saudi Arabia|Yemen|Mauritania?|Gambia?|Mali?|Burkina Faso?|Sierra Leone?|Cote d'Ivoire?|Ghana?|Benin?|Togo?|Nigeria?|Niger?|Sudan?|South Sudan?|Uganda?|Ethiopia?|Eritrea?	Africa|Asia	Afrotropic|Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Hipposideros_tephrus	0	unmatched	NA	1	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Hipposideridae	Hipposideros		tephrus	Cabrera	1906	0	Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat.	0.498611	Ash Gray Leaf-nosed Bat	None.		Mahgreb West Africa and the Arabian Peninsula	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/85646524/85646528/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Previously included as a subspecies of caffer; see Vallo et al. 2008.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Hipposideros tephrus; Hipposideros tephrus; Hipposideros tephrus; Hipposideros tephrus; Hipposideros tephrus; tephrus; Phyllorhine cendrée; Maghreb-Rundblattnase; Hiposidérido de Magreb; Ash Gray Leaf-nosed Bat; Maghreb Leaf-nosed Bat; Ash Gray Leaf-nosed Bat; Ash Gray Leaf-nosed Bat; H. tephrus