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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L415	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Hipposideros lekaguli	Hipposideros lekaguli	Hipposideros lekaguli	Hipposideros lekaguli	Hipposideros lekaguli	Hipposideros lekaguli	Hipposideros lekaguli	Hipposideros lekaguli	Hipposideros lekaguli	Hipposideros lekaguli	Hipposideros lekaguli	Hipposideros lekaguli	Hipposideros lekaguli	Hipposideros lekaguli	Hipposideros lekaguli		[MSW3] diadema species group.; [HMW] Hipposideros fefcagufö Thonglongya & Hill, 1974 , “Phu Nam Tok Tap Kwang, Kaeng Khoi, Saraburi , Thailand c. 14° 34’ N ., 101° 09’ E .” Hipposideros lekaguli is in the diadema species group. The population in the Philippines may prove to be, at least, a distinct subspecies; taxonomic revision is needed. Monotypic.; [batnames2022]  diadema species group.; [IUCN] As currently defined, this species is variable geographically. The Philippines population is likely to represent a different species, a comprehensive revision is needed (Heaney et al . 1998).; [batnames2023]  diadema species group.; [batnames2025_1.7] diademaspecies group.														lekaguli	As currently defined, this species is variable geographically. The Philippines population is likely to represent a different species, a comprehensive revision is needed (Heaney et al . 1998).			lekaguli 	lekaguli 			lekaguli Thonglongya & J. Edwards Hill, 1974		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Lekagul's leaf-nosed bat	S Thailand; ref. 4.59	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Hipposideros lekaguli	Thailand, Saraburi, Kaeng Khoi, Phu Nam Tok Tak Kwang.	Thonglongya and Hill	1974	Mammalia, 38:286.	Distribution: Known only from southern Thailand and Malaya.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Lekagul's leaf-nosed bat	S Thailand, Malaya	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Thonglongya and Hill	1974	Mammalia, 38:286.		Thailand.	Thailand, Saraburi, Kaeng Khoi, Phu Nam Tok Tak Kwang.		THONGLONGYA & HILL	1974	Ears pointed and triangular, broad based, but separate, slightly thickened at the anti tragus. Periotics relatively small, the width of each approximately equal to their distance apart. Up per incisors strong and irregularly bilobed, not in contact. Crown area of outer lower incisors somewhat greater than that of inner lower in cisors. Noseleaf with three lateral leaflets. No frontal depression. Maxillae not elongated. Pos terior noseleaf approximately equal in width to anterior noseleaf, its border heavily lobulated, supported by three well-developed septa that iso late four deep pockets. Intermediate noseleaf with a prominent medial projection. Rostrum flat tened, its eminences moderately inflated. Roofs of narial and mesopterygoid canals not sharply discontinuous. Sphenoidal bridge wide, partially concealing lateral apertures. Pterygoid wings ex panded. Postorbital processes not projecting. Up per canine without an anterior groove or posterior cusp. Nasofrontal region rounded. Posterior bor der of bony palate more or less U-shaped. Sphenoidal depression shallow. Size fairly large (forearm length, 71-80 mm).	Distribution: Known only from southern Thailand and Malaya.	No subspecies.		66	species	H. lekaguli	THONGLONGYA & HILL	1974	Hipposideros	genus	Hipposideros lekaguli				Ears pointed and triangular, broad based, but separate, slightly thickened at the anti tragus. Periotics relatively small, the width of each approximately equal to their distance apart. Up per incisors strong and irregularly bilobed, not in contact. Crown area of outer lower incisors somewhat greater than that of inner lower in cisors. Noseleaf with three lateral leaflets. No frontal depression. Maxillae not elongated. Pos terior noseleaf approximately equal in width to anterior noseleaf, its border heavily lobulated, supported by three well-developed septa that iso late four deep pockets. Intermediate noseleaf with a prominent medial projection. Rostrum flat tened, its eminences moderately inflated. Roofs of narial and mesopterygoid canals not sharply discontinuous. Sphenoidal bridge wide, partially concealing lateral apertures. Pterygoid wings ex panded. Postorbital processes not projecting. Up per canine without an anterior groove or posterior cusp. Nasofrontal region rounded. Posterior bor der of bony palate more or less U-shaped. Sphenoidal depression shallow. Size fairly large (forearm length, 71-80 mm).	No subspecies.		47. H. lekaguli THONGLONGYA & HILL 1974 [dia dema group].	47	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Hipposideridae			Hipposideros lekaguli	Hipposideros		lekaguli	Thonglongya and Hill		1974		Mammalia	38		286		Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat	Thailand, Saraburi, Kaeng Khoi, Phu Nam Tok Tak Kwang, (c 14°34'N, 101°09'E).	Thailand; peninsular Malaysia; Luzon (Philippines).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt).		diadema species group.	03BD87A2C679A214F878F0CFFBBC44ED	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Hipposideridae_210.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff84ffdac676a204fff8ff9affef4346	242	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/BD/87/03BD87A2C679A214F878F0CFFBBC44ED.xml	Hipposideros lekaguli	Hipposideridae	Hipposideros	lekaguli	Thonglongya & Hill	1974	Phyllorhine de Lekagul @fr | Lekagul-Rundblattnase @de | Hiposidérido de Lekagul @es | Large Asian Roundleaf Bat @en	Hipposideros fefcagufö Thonglongya & Hill, 1974 , “Phu Nam Tok Tap Kwang, Kaeng Khoi, Saraburi , Thailand c. 14° 34’ N ., 101° 09’ E .” Hipposideros lekaguli is in the diadema species group. The population in the Philippines may prove to be, at least, a distinct subspecies; taxonomic revision is needed. Monotypic.	S Thailand , Peninsular Malaysia , and Philippines (Luzon and Mindoro Is).	Forearm 64-79 mm. Mainland South-east Asian populations are larger (forearm 71-79 mm) than those ofPhilippines (forearm 64-72 mm). Ears ofthe Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat are large and broad, with a triangular tip. Noseleaf is large and complex——anterior leaf is large and almost covers muzzle; intermediate noseleaf is large and thickened, with distinct median projection; posterior leaf is trilobed and forms three large protruding pockets. Pelage on upperparts is grayish brown or grayish white; underparts are dull creamy white. Skull is robust, with rostral part inflated. Sagittal crest is poorly developed. C1 is large; P2 is small and slightly extruded from the tooth row. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FN = 60.	Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bats forage in primary or disturbed forests and agricultural areas at low elevation, typically in gaps or over water bodies.	The Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat is an aerial-hawking bat, feeding on insects up in the air. Diet is mosdy composed of Coleoptera.	Females were found pregnant in March-April, giving birth and then carrying young between May and June.	Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bats roost in caves. Echolocation is a CF/FM type, with a call frequency of the F segment of45—46 kHz.	Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bats roost in colonies. Colony size ranges from a few individuals up to 500 individuals. This species shares caves with Black-bearded Tomb Bats (Taphozous melanopogon), Greater Asian False-vampires ( Lyroderma lyra), Lesser Dawn Bats ( Eonycteris spelaea), Horsfield’s Leafnosed Bats { H. larvatus ), and Pendlebury’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Ä pendleburyi ).	Classified as Near Threatened on 7%♂ IUCN Red List. The population size of the Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat has been decreasing during recent decades. The major threats are hunting, unregulated activities associated with tourism, limestone mining, and quarrying.	Balete et al. (1995) | Corbet & Hill (1992) | Csorba, Bumrungsri, Francis, Bates, Gumal & Kingston (2008a) | Francis (2008a) | Heaney et al. (1998) | Simmons (2005)	https://zenodo.org/record/3749125/files/figure.png	45. Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros lekaguli French: Phyllorhine de Lekagul / German: Lekagul-Rundblattnase / Spanish: Hiposidérido de Lekagul Other common names: Large Asian Roundleaf Bat Taxonomy. Hipposideros fefcagufö Thonglongya & Hill, 1974 , “Phu Nam Tok Tap Kwang, Kaeng Khoi, Saraburi , Thailand c. 14° 34’ N ., 101° 09’ E .” Hipposideros lekaguli is in the diadema species group. The population in the Philippines may prove to be, at least, a distinct subspecies; taxonomic revision is needed. Monotypic. Distribution. S Thailand , Peninsular Malaysia , and Philippines (Luzon and Mindoro Is). Descriptive notes. Forearm 64-79 mm. Mainland South-east Asian populations are larger (forearm 71-79 mm) than those ofPhilippines (forearm 64-72 mm). Ears ofthe Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat are large and broad, with a triangular tip. Noseleaf is large and complex——anterior leaf is large and almost covers muzzle; intermediate noseleaf is large and thickened, with distinct median projection; posterior leaf is trilobed and forms three large protruding pockets. Pelage on upperparts is grayish brown or grayish white; underparts are dull creamy white. Skull is robust, with rostral part inflated. Sagittal crest is poorly developed. C1 is large; P2 is small and slightly extruded from the tooth row. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FN = 60. Habitat. Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bats forage in primary or disturbed forests and agricultural areas at low elevation, typically in gaps or over water bodies. Food and Feeding. The Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat is an aerial-hawking bat, feeding on insects up in the air. Diet is mosdy composed of Coleoptera. Breeding. Females were found pregnant in March-April, giving birth and then carrying young between May and June. Activity patterns. Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bats roost in caves. Echolocation is a CF/FM type, with a call frequency of the F segment of45—46 kHz. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bats roost in colonies. Colony size ranges from a few individuals up to 500 individuals. This species shares caves with Black-bearded Tomb Bats (Taphozous melanopogon), Greater Asian False-vampires ( Lyroderma lyra), Lesser Dawn Bats ( Eonycteris spelaea), Horsfield’s Leafnosed Bats { H. larvatus ), and Pendlebury’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Ä pendleburyi ). Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on 7%♂ IUCN Red List. The population size of the Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat has been decreasing during recent decades. The major threats are hunting, unregulated activities associated with tourism, limestone mining, and quarrying. Bibliography. Balete eta/. (1995), Corbet & Hill (1992), Csorba, Bumrungsri, Francis, Bates, Gumal & Kingston (2008a), Francis (2008a), Heaney eta/. (1998), Simmons (2005).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Hipposideridae	Hipposideros lekaguli	Hipposideros		lekaguli	Thonglongya & Hill	1974	0	Mammalia	38 (2): 286, figs. 1,2	Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat	None.	Thailand, Saraburi, Kaeng Khoi, Phu Nam Tok Tak Kwang, (c 14°34'N, 101°09'E).	Thailand; peninsular Malaysia; Luzon, Mindoro, and Negros isls.(Philippines)	Not listed.	Near Threatened	 diadema species group.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Hipposideros lekaguli	23	Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat	Large Asian Roundleaf Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	HIPPOSIDERIDAE	NA	NA	Hipposideros	NA	lekaguli	Thonglongya & J. Edwards Hill	1974	0						"Phu Nam Tok Tap Kwang, Kaeng Khoi, Saraburi, Thailand c. 14° 34' N., 101° 09' E."	14.567	101.15	lekaguli Thonglongya & J. Edwards Hill, 1974	NA	NA	Thailand|Malaysia|Philippines	Asia	Indomalaya	NT	0	0	0	Hipposideros_lekaguli	0	sciname match	Hipposideros_lekaguli	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	10144	Hipposideros lekaguli	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	HIPPOSIDERIDAE	Hipposideros	lekaguli	Thonglongya &; Hill, 1974	As currently defined, this species is variable geographically. The Philippines population is likely to represent a different species, a comprehensive revision is needed (Heaney et al . 1998).	20000000	Hipposideros lekaguli	Near Threatened	A2c	2019	2018-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Near Threatened because it is suspected to be in significant decline (but probably at a rate of less than 30% over 15 years) because of widespread habitat disturbance through much of its range (tourism and religious disturbance to the caves, limestone mining) thus making the species close to qualifying for Vulnerable under criterion A2c. There is not enough information about the population in the Philippines to contribute to the global assessment (L. Heaney, D. Balete, and J. Esselstyn pers. comm.) and it is likely that the Philippine population represents a separate species.	All known sites are limestone cave areas; the species can survive in degraded forest and a population is known from a forest fragment within a sugar cane plantation in Thailand (S. Bumrungsri pers. comm.). The two known specimens from the Philippines were collected close to sea level in ultrabasic forest, and in an agricultural area near a river (Balete et al . 1995).	The species is affected by tourism and religious disturbance to the caves, they are also hunted. The population in central Thailand (e.g. type locality) is subject to be threatened by limestone mining.	All known sites are limestone cave areas, the species can survive in degraded forest and a population is known from a forest fragment within a sugar cane plantation in Thailand (S. Bumrungsri pers. comm). It was found sharing roosting cave and sometimes mixed in the same colony with H. diadema and H. armiger (P. Soisook pers. comm). Specimens from the Philippines were collected close to sea level in ultrabasic forest, in an agricultural area near a river at 325 m, and in mixed secondary forest and coffee plantations over limestone near caves at low elevation (Balete et al. 1995).	Decreasing	This species is found in Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, and the Philippines. In the Philippines, it is recorded on Luzon (Isabela, Quezon, and Quirino provinces) and Mindoro (Balete et al. 1995, Heaney et al. 1998). There are unverified and poorly documented records of this species from other islands in the Philippines. In Thailand it is usually found below 400 m asl.		Terrestrial	Recommended actions include prevention of cave disturbance (S. Bumrungsri pers. comm. 2006).	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Hipposideridae	Hipposideros		lekaguli	Thonglongya & Hill	1974	0	Mammalia	38 (2): 286, figs. 1,2	Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat	None.	Thailand, Saraburi, Kaeng Khoi, Phu Nam Tok Tak Kwang, (c 14°34'N, 101°09'E).	Thailand; peninsular Malaysia; Luzon, Mindoro, and Negros isls.(Philippines)	Not listed.	Near Threatened	 diadema species group.	Hipposideros lekaguli	1004614	23	Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat	Large Asian Roundleaf Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	Hipposideridae	NA	NA	Hipposideros	NA	lekaguli	Thonglongya & J. Edwards Hill	1974	0						"Phu Nam Tok Tap Kwang, Kaeng Khoi, Saraburi, Thailand c. 14° 34' N., 101° 09' E."	14.56667	101.15	lekaguli Thonglongya & J. Edwards Hill, 1974	NA	NA				Thailand|Malaysia|Philippines	Asia	Indomalaya	NT	0	0	0	Hipposideros_lekaguli	0	sciname match	Hipposideros_lekaguli	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Hipposideros_lekaguli	1004614	23	Large Asian Roundleaf Bat	Large Asian Roundleaf Bat|Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Rhinolophoidea	Hipposideridae	NA	NA	Hipposideros	NA	lekaguli	Thonglongya & J. Edwards Hill	0	Hipposideros lekaguli	Thonglongya, K. and Hill, J.E. 1974. A new species of _Hipposideros_ (Chiroptera) from Thailand. Mammalia 38(2):285-294.	https://doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1974.38.2.285	TNRC 54-2200	holotype		"Phu Nam Tok Tap Kwang, Kaeng Khoi, Saraburi, Thailand c. 14° 34' N., 101° 09' E."	14.56667	101.15	NA	NA				Thailand|Malaysia|Philippines	Asia	Indomalaya	NT	0	0	0	Hipposideros_lekaguli	0	sciname match	Hipposideros_lekaguli	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Hipposideridae	Hipposideros		lekaguli	Thonglongya & Hill	1974	0	Mammalia	38 (2): 286, figs. 1,2	Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat	None.	Thailand, Saraburi, Kaeng Khoi, Phu Nam Tok Tak Kwang, (c 14°34'N, 101°09'E).	Thailand; peninsular Malaysia; Luzon, Mindoro, and Negros isls.(Philippines)	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10144/22091565/' target='_blank'>Near Threatened</a>	diademaspecies group.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Hipposideros lekaguli; Hipposideros lekaguli; Hipposideros lekaguli; Hipposideros lekaguli; Hipposideros lekaguli; Hipposideros lekaguli; lekaguli; Phyllorhine de Lekagul; Lekagul-Rundblattnase; Hiposidérido de Lekagul; Large Asian Roundleaf Bat; Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat; Large Asian Roundleaf Bat; Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat; Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat; H. lekaguli