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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L5	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Acerodon humilis	Acerodon humilis	Acerodon humilis	Acerodon humilis	Acerodon humilis	Acerodon humilis	Acerodon humilis	Acerodon humilis	Acerodon humilis	Acerodon humilis	Acerodon humilis	Acerodon humilis	Acerodon humilis	Acerodon humilis	Acerodon humilis		[MSW3] Previously known only from the holotype, which Flannery (1995b) suggested might be a chimera consisting of a mismatched skull from an individual of celebensis and a skin of a Pteropus hypomelanus However, Feiler (1990) described two additional museum specimens, and a living population of this taxon has recently been rediscovered (Riley, 2001). It appears to represent a distinct species.; [HMW] Acerodon humilis K. Andersen, 1909 , “Lirong, Talaud Islands,” Indonesia . This species is monotypic.; [batnames2022] Previously known only from a holotype, which Flannery (1995b) suggested might be a chimera consisting of a mismatched skull from an individual of celebensis and a skin of Pteropus hypomelanus . However, Feiler (1990) described two additional museum specimens, and a living population of this species has recently been discovered (Riley, 2001).; [IUCN] Flannery (1995) suggested the holotype might be a chimera consisting of a mismatched skull from an individual of celebensis and a skin of a Pteropus hypomelanus . However, A. humilis has been shown to be a distinct species through the description of two more specimens by Feiler (1990) and the rediscovery of a living population by Riley (2001).; [batnames2023] Previously known only from a holotype, which Flannery (1995b) suggested might be a chimera consisting of a mismatched skull from an individual of celebensis and a skin of Pteropus hypomelanus . However, Feiler (1990) described two additional museum specimens, and a living population of this species has recently been discovered (Riley, 2001).; [batnames2025_1.7] Previously known only from a holotype, which Flannery (1995b) suggested might be a chimera consisting of a mismatched skull from an individual of celebensis and a skin of Pteropus hypomelanus. However, Feiler (1990) described two additional museum specimens, and a living population of this species has recently been discovered (Riley, 2001).														humilis	Flannery (1995) suggested the holotype might be a chimera consisting of a mismatched skull from an individual of celebensis and a skin of a Pteropus hypomelanus . However, A. humilis has been shown to be a distinct species through the description of two more specimens by Feiler (1990) and the rediscovery of a living population by Riley (2001).			humilis	humilis			humilis Andersen, 1909		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Talaud flying fox	Talaud Is, N Moluccas	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Acerodon humilis	Indonesia, Talaud Isis., Lirong.	K. Andersen	1909	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 3:24-25.	Distribu tion: Confined to the Talaut islands (between Phi lippines and Moluccas).		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Talaud flying fox	Talaud Is, N Moluccas	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	K. Andersen	1909	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 3:24-25.		Talaud Isis (Indonesia).	Indonesia, Talaud Isis, Lirong.		ANDERSEN	1909	A distinct antero internal cusp on the middle lower premolar. Ears relatively short and rounded (24 mm). Size rela tively small (forearm length, 140 mm).	Distribu tion: Confined to the Talaut islands (between Phi lippines and Moluccas).	No subspecies.		27	species	A. humilis	ANDERSEN	1909	Acerodon	genus	Acerodon humilis				A distinct antero internal cusp on the middle lower premolar. Ears relatively short and rounded (24 mm). Size rela tively small (forearm length, 140 mm).	No subspecies.		3. A. humilis ANDERSEN 1909.	3	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Acerodon humilis	Acerodon		humilis	K. Andersen		1909		Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7	3		24-25		Talaud Fruit Bat	Indonesia, Talaud Isls, Lirong.	Talaud Isls (Indonesia).	CITES – Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – No Data: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003 – Vulnerable.		Previously known only from the holotype, which Flannery (1995b) suggested might be a chimera consisting of a mismatched skull from an individual of celebensis and a skin of a Pteropus hypomelanus However, Feiler (1990) described two additional museum specimens, and a living population of this taxon has recently been rediscovered (Riley, 2001). It appears to represent a distinct species.	03AD87FAFF88F6668CB235B8F593F81D	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	134	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFF88F6668CB235B8F593F81D.xml	Acerodon humilis	Pteropodidae	Acerodon	humilis	K. Andersen	1909	Acérodon des Talaud @fr | Talaud-Flughund @de | Zorro volador de Talaud @es | Talaud Acerodon @en | Talaud Fruit Bat @en	Acerodon humilis K. Andersen, 1909 , “Lirong, Talaud Islands,” Indonesia . This species is monotypic.	Only known from Salebabu and Karakelong in the Talaud Is.	Tailless, ear 24 mm , hindfoot 46 mm , forearm 140 mm , greatest length of skull 63 mm , tibia 57 mm (holotype). Ears of the Talaud Flying Fox have rounded tips and are shorter than muzzle. Dentition, ears, and color of head and body are similar to the Golden-capped Flying Fox (A. jubatus ), but the Talaud Flying Fox is smaller and has no buffy nuchal patch. Throat is blackish seal-brown, with some silvery hairs mixed in. K. Andersen in 1912 noted that external features resemble co-occurring Sulawesian subspecies of the Island Flying Fox ( Pteropus hypomelanus macassaricus) and ears are similar in shape to the Island Flying Fox instead of long, subacutely pointed ears of other species of Acerodon . T. F. Flannery in 1995 suggested that the holotype had a mismatched skull, although this remains unclear and more research is needed. Russet color of mantle, sides of neck, and fore neck does not extend to crown, chest, or body. Uropatagium is reduced; calcar is small. Skull is typical pteropine, similar to that of the Sulawesi Flying Fox (A. celebensis ) but with lower rostrum and smaller orbits.	Suspected to be forest-dependent. The Talaud Islands consist of subtropical and tropical swamp forests.	The Talaud Flying Fox is presumably frugivorous.	No information.	Talaud Flying Foxes are nocturnal.	No information.	CITES Appendix II. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Talaud Flying Fox has a very restricted distribution and is known only from two islands, Salebabu and Karakelong. Forest habitat is severely fragmented due to logging. Its extent of occurrence is only ¢. 1500 km ? and it has no legal protections.	Andersen (1912b) | Corbet & Hill (1992) | Flannery (1995a) | Mildenstein (2016e) | Riley (2002)		131. Talaud Flying Fox Acerodon humilis French: Acérodon des Talaud / German: Talaud-Flughund / Spanish: Zorro volador de Talaud Other common names: Talaud Acerodon , Talaud Fruit Bat Taxonomy. Acerodon humilis K. Andersen, 1909 , “Lirong, Talaud Islands,” Indonesia . This species is monotypic. Distribution. Only known from Salebabu and Karakelong in the Talaud Is. Descriptive notes. Tailless, ear 24 mm , hindfoot 46 mm , forearm 140 mm , greatest length of skull 63 mm , tibia 57 mm (holotype). Ears of the Talaud Flying Fox have rounded tips and are shorter than muzzle. Dentition, ears, and color of head and body are similar to the Golden-capped Flying Fox (A. jubatus ), but the Talaud Flying Fox is smaller and has no buffy nuchal patch. Throat is blackish seal-brown, with some silvery hairs mixed in. K. Andersen in 1912 noted that external features resemble co-occurring Sulawesian subspecies of the Island Flying Fox ( Pteropus hypomelanus macassaricus) and ears are similar in shape to the Island Flying Fox instead of long, subacutely pointed ears of other species of Acerodon . T. F. Flannery in 1995 suggested that the holotype had a mismatched skull, although this remains unclear and more research is needed. Russet color of mantle, sides of neck, and fore neck does not extend to crown, chest, or body. Uropatagium is reduced; calcar is small. Skull is typical pteropine, similar to that of the Sulawesi Flying Fox (A. celebensis ) but with lower rostrum and smaller orbits. Habitat. Suspected to be forest-dependent. The Talaud Islands consist of subtropical and tropical swamp forests. Food and Feeding. The Talaud Flying Fox is presumably frugivorous. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Talaud Flying Foxes are nocturnal. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. CITES Appendix II. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Talaud Flying Fox has a very restricted distribution and is known only from two islands, Salebabu and Karakelong. Forest habitat is severely fragmented due to logging. Its extent of occurrence is only ¢. 1500 km ? and it has no legal protections. Bibliography. Andersen (1912b), Corbet & Hill (1992), Flannery (1995a), Mildenstein (2016e), Riley (2002).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Acerodon humilis	Acerodon		humilis	K. Andersen	1909	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 8, 3: 25	Talaud Fruit Bat	None.	Indonesia, Talaud Isls, Lirong.	Talaud Isls (Indonesia).	Appendix II	Endangered	Previously known only from a holotype, which Flannery (1995b) suggested might be a chimera consisting of a mismatched skull from an individual of celebensis and a skin of Pteropus hypomelanus . However, Feiler (1990) described two additional museum specimens, and a living population of this species has recently been discovered (Riley, 2001).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Acerodon humilis	23	Talaud Flying Fox	Talaud Acerodon|Talaud Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	PTEROPODINAE	PTEROPODINI	Acerodon	NA	humilis	K. Andersen	1909	0						"Lirong, Talaud Islands," Indonesia.			humilis K. Andersen, 1909	NA	NA	Indonesia	Asia	Indomalaya	EN	0	0	0	Acerodon_humilis	0	sciname match	Acerodon_humilis	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	138	Acerodon humilis	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Acerodon	humilis	K. Andersen, 1909	Flannery (1995) suggested the holotype might be a chimera consisting of a mismatched skull from an individual of celebensis and a skin of a Pteropus hypomelanus . However, A. humilis has been shown to be a distinct species through the description of two more specimens by Feiler (1990) and the rediscovery of a living population by Riley (2001).	100000000	Acerodon humilis	Endangered	B1ab(iii,v)	2016	2015-06-20 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Acerodon humilis is a range-restricted species, known from two islands: Salebabu and Karekaleng. Its extent of occurrence (EOO) is ca 1,500 km². It is severely fragmented and its forest habitat is declining due to logging. Also the number of individuals is declining due to hunting.	This seems to be a forest-dependent species, but little information is available. This species is thought to be conspicuous due to its roosting habit. It is surprising that they have not been more commonly recorded. Forest habitat on Karakelang is in forest blocks protected under a newly established protected area and the edges of the island are used for agriculture, while on Salebabu there is predominantly agriculture with remnant forest in the low hills (Riley 2001).	Major threats for this species include hunting and habitat loss due to logging (Riley 2001).	The population sizes are continuing to be declining due to hunting.	Decreasing	This species is known only from the islands of Salebabu (95 km²) and Karekaleng (976 km²) in the Talaud group, in Indonesia. It was described in 1909 from three specimens and no further specimens had been recorded until Riley (2002) found the bat alive on the Talaud Islands. The type locality for this species is Lirong, Talaud Islands, Indonesia.		Terrestrial	 <u>Current conservation efforts</u> There is a protected area in the species’ range (Karekalang Selatan Hunting Park), but the level of protection for the species remains unknown within this park. It is listed on CITES Appendix II.  <u>Conservation needs/priorities</u> Studies are needed on the species’ population sizes, distribution, and extent of occurrence throughout its range. ; Monitoring of population sizes and locations over time are also important to establish whether these are stable or experiencing trends of decline. The threats to these bats are poorly understood. Studies are needed on the species’ habitat requirements and on the effects of forest loss and degradation on the species’ population sizes/distribution. Research is also needed on the amount of hunting and the level of bushmeat trade, and the effects of that hunting on population sizes and persistence. Effective roost site protection efforts are needed to minimize hunting mortality and disturbance to non-target individuals. Similar to most threatened flying foxes, local capacity building for conservation managers and education and awareness within local communities are greatly needed to support conservation efforts.	Australasian		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Acerodon		humilis	K. Andersen	1909	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 8, 3: 25	Talaud Fruit Bat	None.	Indonesia, Talaud Isls, Lirong.	Talaud Isls (Indonesia).	Appendix II	Endangered	Previously known only from a holotype, which Flannery (1995b) suggested might be a chimera consisting of a mismatched skull from an individual of celebensis and a skin of Pteropus hypomelanus . However, Feiler (1990) described two additional museum specimens, and a living population of this species has recently been discovered (Riley, 2001).	Acerodon humilis	1004443	23	Talaud Flying Fox	Talaud Acerodon|Talaud Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	PTEROPODINAE	PTEROPODINI	Acerodon	NA	humilis	K. Andersen	1909	0						"Lirong, Talaud Islands," Indonesia.			humilis K. Andersen, 1909	NA	NA				Indonesia	Asia	Indomalaya	EN	0	0	0	Acerodon_humilis	0	sciname match	Acerodon_humilis	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Acerodon_humilis	1004443	23	Talaud Flying Fox	Talaud Acerodon|Talaud Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Pteropodinae	Pteropodini	Acerodon	NA	humilis	Andersen	0	Acerodon humilis	Andersen, K.C. 1909-01-01. Notes on the genus _Acerodon_, with a synopsis of its species and subspecies, and descriptions of four new forms. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8)3(13):20-29.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/22071378	BMNH:Mamm:1908.7.26.6	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/95dcac54-d40c-4b1d-af55-4d99486d8f57	"Lirong, Talaud Islands," Indonesia.			NA	NA				Indonesia	Asia	Indomalaya	EN	0	0	0	Acerodon_humilis	0	sciname match	Acerodon_humilis	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Acerodon		humilis	K. Andersen	1909	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 8, 3: 25	Talaud Fruit Bat	None.	Indonesia, Talaud Isls, Lirong.	Talaud Isls (Indonesia).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Appendix II</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/138/115517951/' target='_blank'>Endangered</a>	Previously known only from a holotype, which Flannery (1995b) suggested might be a chimera consisting of a mismatched skull from an individual of celebensis and a skin of Pteropus hypomelanus. However, Feiler (1990) described two additional museum specimens, and a living population of this species has recently been discovered (Riley, 2001).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Acerodon humilis; A. humilis; Acerodon humilis; Acerodon humilis; Acerodon humilis; Acerodon humilis; Acerodon humilis; humilis; Acérodon des Talaud; Talaud-Flughund; Zorro volador de Talaud; Talaud Acerodon; Talaud Fruit Bat; Talaud Flying Fox; Talaud Acerodon; Talaud Fruit Bat; Talaud Fruit Bat; Talaud Fruit Bat; A. humilis