http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom	http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/format	name_CH1_1980	name_MSW1_1982	name_CH3_1991	name_MSW2_1993	name_Koopman_1994	name_MSW3_2005	name_HMW_2019	name_BatNames_2022	name_MDD_2022	name_IUCN_2022	name_BatNames_2023	name_MDD_2023	name_MDD_2025_2.0	name_batnames_2025_1.7	name_MDD_2025_2.2	column151	taxonomic_notes_concatenated	column171	synonyms_CH1	subspecies__MSW2	synonyms__MSW1	synonyms_CH3	synonyms_MSW2	subspecies_Koopman94_interpreted	subspecies_MSW3_interpreted	synonym_MSW3_interpreted	subspecies_HMW_interpreted	synonym_HMW_interpreted	subspecies_batnames_interpreted	synonym_batnames_interpreted	synonym_MDD_interpreted	synonym_IUCN_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2025_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2025_interpreted	synonyms_batnames2025_interpreted	nominalNames	column391	docOrigin_CH1	commonName_CH1	distribution_CH1	docOrigin_MSW1	column451	typeLocality_MSW1	authority_MSW1	year_MSW1	citation_MSW1	distribution	comment_MSW1	docOrigin_CH3	commonName_CH3	distribution_CH3	docOrigin_MSW2	authority_MSW2	year_MSW2	citation_MSW2	comments_MSW2	distribution_MSW2	typeLocality_MSW2	docOrigin_Koopman94	authority_Koopman94	year_Koopman94	description_Koopman94	distribution_Koopman94	diversity_Koopman94	subspecies_Koopman94	page	rank	name	authority	year	parent	parent_rank	corrected_name	actual_species_count	claimed_species_count	dental_formula	description	diversity	full_subspecies_text	name_line	species_index	subspecies	synonym	text	docOrigin_MSW3	order_MSW3	family_MSW3	subfamily_MSW3	tribe_MSW3	name_MSW3	genus_MSW3	subgenus_MSW3	species_MSW3	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MSW3	(parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)_MSW3	authoritySpeciesYear_MSW3	actualDate_MSW3	citation_MSW3	volume_MSW3	issue_MSW3	pages_MSW3	type_species_MSW3	commonName_MSW3	typeLocality_MSW3	distribution_MSW3	status_MSW3	synonym_MSW3	comments_MSW3	docId_HMW	docOrigin_HMW	docISBN_HMW	docName_HMW	docMasterId_HMW	docPageNumber_HMW	derivedFrom_HMW	name_HMW	family_HMW	genus_HMW	species_HMW	authoritySpeciesAuthor_HMW	authoritySpeciesYear	commonNames_HMW	taxonomy_HMW	subspeciesAndDistribution_HMW	descriptiveNotes_HMW	habitat_HMW	foodAndFeeding_HMW	breeding_HMW	activityPatterns_HMW	movementsHomeRangeAndSocialOrganization_HMW	statusAndConservation_HMW	bibliography_HMW	distributionImageURL_HMW	verbatimText_HMW	docOrigin_batnames	family_batnames	name_batnames	genus_batnames	subgenus_batnames	species_batnames	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames	date_batnames	parentheses_batnames (1=author & date in parentheses)	citation_batnames	docPageNumber_batnames	common Name_batnames	synonyms_batnames	type_locality_batnames	Distribution_batnames	CITES_batnames	IUCN_batnames	comments_batnames	docOrigin_MDD	name_MDD	phylosort_MDD	mainCommonName_MDD	otherCommonNames_MDD	subclass_MDD	infraclass_MDD	magnorder_MDD	superorder_MDD	order_MDD	suborder_MDD	infraorder_MDD	parvorder_MDD	superfamily_MDD	family_MDD	subfamily_MDD	tribe_MDD	genus_MDD	subgenus_MDD	specificEpithet_MDD	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD	authorityParentheses_MDD	originalNameCombination_MDD	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD	holotypeVoucher_MDD	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD	typeLocality_MDD	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD	nominalNames_MDD	taxonomyNotes_MDD	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD	countryDistribution_MDD	continentDistribution_MDD	biogeographicRealm_MDD	iucnStatus_MDD	extinct_MDD	domestic_MDD	flagged_MDD	CMW_sciName_MDD	diffSinceCMW_MDD	MSW3_matchtype_MDD	MSW3_sciName_MDD	diffSinceMSW3_MDD	docOrigin_IUCN	internalTaxonId_IUCN	NAME_IUCN	kingdomName_IUCN	phylumName_IUCN	className_IUCN	orderName_IUCN	familyName_IUCN	genusName_IUCN	speciesName_IUCN	authoritySpeciesAuthorYear_IUCN	taxonomicNotes_IUCN	assessmentId_IUCN	scientificName_IUCN	redlistCategory_IUCN	redlistCriteria_IUCN	yearPublished_IUCN	assessmentDate_IUCN	criteriaVersion_IUCN	language_IUCN	rationale_IUCN	habitat_IUCN	threats_IUCN	population_IUCN	populationTrend_IUCN	range_IUCN	useTrade_IUCN	systems_IUCN	conservationActions_IUCN	realm_IUCN	yearLastSeen_IUCN	possiblyExtinct_IUCN	possiblyExtinctInTheWild_IUCN	scopes_IUCN	docOrigin_batnames2023	FAMILY_batnames2023	GENUS_batnames2023	SUBGENUS_batnames2023	SPECIES_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesYearbatnames2023	PARENTHESES_batnames2023 (1=AUTHOR & DATE IN PARENTHESES)	CITATION_batnames2023	PAGES_batnames2023	COMMON NAME_batnames2023	SYNONYMS_batnames2023	TYPE LOCALITY_batnames2023	DISTRIBUTION_batnames2023	CITES_batnames2023	IUCN_batnames2023	COMMENTS_batnames2023	name MDD2023	id_MDD2023	phylosort_MDD2023	mainCommonName_MDD2023	otherCommonNames_MDD2023	subclass_MDD2023	infraclass_MDD2023	magnorder_MDD2023	superorder_MDD2023	order_MDD2023	suborder_MDD2023	infraorder_MDD2023	parvorder_MDD2023	superfamily_MDD2023	Family_mdd2023	subfamily_MDD2023	tribe_MDD2023	genus_MDD2023	subgenus_MDD2023	specificEpithet_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD2023	authorityParentheses_MDD2023	originalNameCombination_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD2023	holotypeVoucher_MDD2023	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD2023	typeLocality_MDD2023	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD2023	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD2023	nominalNames_MDD2023	taxonomyNotes_MDD2023	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD2023	distributionNotes_MDD2023	distributionNotesCitation_MDD2023	subregionDistribution_MDD2023	countryDistribution_MDD2023	continentDistribution_MDD2023	biogeographicRealm_MDD2023	iucnStatus_MDD2023	extinct_MDD2023	domestic_MDD2023	flagged_MDD2023	CMW_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceCMW_MDD2023	MSW3_matchtype_MDD2023	MSW3_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceMSW3_MDD2023	docOrigin_MDD2025	sciName	id	phylosort	mainCommonName	otherCommonNames	subclass	infraclass	magnorder	superorder	order	suborder	infraorder	parvorder	superfamily	family	subfamily	tribe	genus	subgenus	specificEpithet	authoritySpeciesAuthor	authorityParentheses	originalNameCombination	authoritySpeciesCitation	authoritySpeciesLink	typeVoucher	typeKind	typeVoucherURIs	typeLocality	typeLocalityLatitude	typeLocalityLongitude	taxonomyNotes	taxonomyNotesCitation	distributionNotes	distributionNotesCitation	subregionDistribution	countryDistribution	continentDistribution	biogeographicRealm	iucnStatus	extinct	domestic	flagged	CMW_sciName	diffSinceCMW	MSW3_matchtype	MSW3_sciName	diffSinceMSW3	docOrigin_batnames2025	Family	Genus	Subgenus	Species	Author	Date	Parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L371	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Hipposideros bicolor	Hipposideros bicolor	Hipposideros bicolor	Hipposideros bicolor	Hipposideros bicolor	Hipposideros bicolor	Hipposideros bicolor	Hipposideros bicolor	Hipposideros bicolor	Hipposideros bicolor	Hipposideros bicolor	Hipposideros bicolor	Hipposideros bicolor	Hipposideros bicolor	Hipposideros bicolor		[MSW2] Includes erigens-, see Hill (19636:27). Does not include pomona, gentilis, or macrobullatus; see Hill et al. (1986).; [MSW3] bicolor species group. Includes erigens; see Hill (1963b). Does not include pomona, gentilis, or macrobullatus; see Hill et al. (1986). Reviewed in part by Hill (1983), Bergmans and van Bree (1986), Corbet and Hill (1992), Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi (1995), and Kitchener et al. (1996). Sumbawa specimens have not been allocated to subspecies; see Kitchener et al. (1996). Probably includes more than one species, including cryptic species distinguishable primarily by echolocation call frequencies (see Kingston et al., 2001).; [HMW] Rhinolophus bicolor Temminck, 1834 , “ Java , Amboina en op Timor.” Restricted by G. H. H. Tate in 1941 to “ Java and Timor.” Hipposideros bicolor was formerly included in the bicolor species group, but is now in the new ater species group. Seven subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022]  bicolor species group. Includes erigens; , which may be a distinct species; see Hill (1963) and Murray et al. (2018). Includes atrox ; see Murray et al., 2018. Also referred to as bicolor -131 (e.g., Douangboubpha et al. 2010; Murray et al. 2012, 2018). Does not include pomona,  gentilis, or macrobullatus; see Hill et al. (1986). Reviewed in part by Hill (1983), Bergmans and van Bree (1986), Corbet and Hill (1992), Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi(1995), and Kitchener et al. (1996). Sumbawa specimens have not been allocated to subspecies; see Kitchener et al. (1996). We consider both major and javanicus as synonyms of the nominate subspecies following Murray et al. (2018).; [MDD2022] includes atrox, which has been considered a distinct species; [IUCN] This is the revised concept for Hipposideros bicolor. Previously the species included H. atrox , but this is now considered a distinct species (Douangboubpha et al. 2010).; [batnames2023]  bicolor species group. Includes erigens; , which may be a distinct species; see Hill (1963) and Murray et al. (2018). Includes atrox ; see Murray et al., 2018. Also referred to as bicolor -131 (e.g., Douangboubpha et al. 2010; Murray et al. 2012, 2018). Does not include pomona,  gentilis, or macrobullatus; see Hill et al. (1986). Reviewed in part by Hill (1983), Bergmans and van Bree (1986), Corbet and Hill (1992), Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi(1995), and Kitchener et al. (1996). Sumbawa specimens have not been allocated to subspecies; see Kitchener et al. (1996). We consider both major and javanicus as synonyms of the nominate subspecies following Murray et al. (2018).; [MDD2023] includes atrox, which has been considered a distinct species; [MDD2025_2.0] includes atrox, which has been considered a distinct species; [batnames2025_1.7] bicolor species group. Includes erigens;, which may be a distinct species; see Hill (1963) and Murray et al. (2018). Includes atrox; see Murray et al., 2018. Also referred to as bicolor-131 (e.g., Douangboubpha et al. 2010; Murray et al. 2012, 2018). Does not include pomona, gentilis, or macrobullatus; see Hill et al. (1986). Reviewed in part by Hill (1983), Bergmans and van Bree (1986), Corbet and Hill (1992), Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi(1995), and Kitchener et al. (1996). Sumbawa specimens have not been allocated to subspecies; see Kitchener et al. (1996). We consider both major and javanicus as synonyms of the nominate subspecies following Murray et al. (2018).; [MDD2025_2.2] includes atrox, which has been considered a distinct species				pomona, erigens, gentilis		atrox, erigens, javanicus, major.	atrox, major, bicolor, erigens	bicolor, atrox, erigens, hilli, major, selatan, tanimbarensis	javanicus	bicolor, atrox, erigens, hilli, major, selatan, tanimbarensis		bicolor, erigens, hilli, major, selatan, tanimbarensis	bicolor - javanicus	bicolor, atrox, major, javanicus, erigens, hilli, selatan, tanimbarensis	This is the revised concept for Hipposideros bicolor. Previously the species included H. atrox , but this is now considered a distinct species (Douangboubpha et al. 2010).	bicolor, atrox, erigens, hilli, selatan, tanimbarensis	bicolor - major, javanicus	bicolor, atrox, major, javanicus, erigens, hilli, selatan, tanimbarensis 	bicolor, atrox, major, javanicus, erigens, hilli, selatan, tanimbarensis	atrox, bicolor, erigens, hilli, selatan, tanimbarensis	bicolor - javanicus, major	bicolor (Temminck, 1834)|atrox Andersen, 1918|major Andersen, 1918|javanicus Sody, 1937|erigens B. Lawrence, 1939|hilli D. J. Kitchener in D. J. Kitchener, Konishi, & Suyanto, 1996|selatan D. J. Kitchener in D. J. Kitchener, Konishi, & Suyanto, 1996|tanimbarensis D. J. Kitchener in D. J. Kitchener, Konishi, & Suyanto, 1996		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Bicolored leaf-nosed bat	India – Java, Celebes, Philippines, Sri Lanka	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Hipposideros bicolor	Indonesia, Java, Anger coast.	Temminck	1834	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol., 1:19.	Distribution: Ranging from the Malay peninsula and Sumatra to Java, Borneo, the Phi lippines, and Timor.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Bicolored leaf-nosed bat	S Thailand – Java, Lesser Sunda Is, Philippines; refs. 4.118, 143	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Temminck	1834	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol., 1:19.	Includes erigens-, see Hill (19636:27). Does not include pomona, gentilis, or macrobullatus; see Hill et al. (1986).	Malaysia to the Philippines, Timor (Indonesia), and adjacent small islands.	Indonesia, Java, Anger coast.		TEMMINCK	1834	Ears fairly large and rounded, but separate. Nose leaf moderate in size and simple, without lateral leaflets. Periotics relatively small, the width of each approximately equal to their distance apart. Upper incisors weak with the outer lobe virtually absent. Crown area of outer lower incisors at most slightly larger than that of inner lower incisors. Anterior upper premolar very small and extruded from toothrow. Anterior lower premolar hardly more than half the length and two thirds to three quarters the height of the posterior lower premo lar. Internarial septum not greatly expanded or modified, more or less parallel sided, uninflated. Interorbital region greatly constricted, its width considerably less than that of the rostrum. Anter ior noseleaf without a median emargination. Pos terior noseleaf with three supporting septa. No glandular ridge on muzzle beneath margin of an terior noseleaf. Anterior half of zygoma massive. Posterior projecting portion of vomer thickened. Size small to medium (forearm length, 39 – 48 mm).	Distribution: Ranging from the Malay peninsula and Sumatra to Java, Borneo, the Phi lippines, and Timor.	Four subspecies are cur rently recognized (HiLL&al. 1986):	H. b. atrox (Malay peninsula, Sumatra), H. b. major (West Sumatran islands), H. b. bicolor (Java, Borneo), H. b. erigens (Philippines). Timor specimens have not been al located subspecifically.	60	species	H. bicolor	TEMMINCK	1834	Hipposideros	genus	Hipposideros bicolor				Ears fairly large and rounded, but separate. Nose leaf moderate in size and simple, without lateral leaflets. Periotics relatively small, the width of each approximately equal to their distance apart. Upper incisors weak with the outer lobe virtually absent. Crown area of outer lower incisors at most slightly larger than that of inner lower incisors. Anterior upper premolar very small and extruded from toothrow. Anterior lower premolar hardly more than half the length and two thirds to three quarters the height of the posterior lower premo lar. Internarial septum not greatly expanded or modified, more or less parallel sided, uninflated. Interorbital region greatly constricted, its width considerably less than that of the rostrum. Anter ior noseleaf without a median emargination. Pos terior noseleaf with three supporting septa. No glandular ridge on muzzle beneath margin of an terior noseleaf. Anterior half of zygoma massive. Posterior projecting portion of vomer thickened. Size small to medium (forearm length, 39 - 48 mm).	Four subspecies are cur rently recognized (HiLL&al. 1986):		2. H. bicolor (TEMMINCK 1834) [bicolor group],	2	_H. b. atrox_ Andersen, 1918; _H. b. bicolor_ (Temminck, 1834) (synonyms: _javanicus_ Sody, 1937); _H. b. erigens_ Lawrence, 1939; _H. b. hilli_ Kitchener, 1996; _H. b. major_ Andersen, 1918; _H. b. selatan_ Kitchener, 1996; _H. b. tanimbarensis_ Kitchener, 1996			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Hipposideridae			Hipposideros bicolor	Hipposideros		bicolor	Temminck	y	1834		Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol.	1		19		Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat	Indonesia, Java, Anjer coast. Lectotype designated and type locality restricted by Tate (1941).	Laos, Vietnam, S Thailand, and Malaysia to Borneo and the Philippines; Java, Sumbawa, Seralu, Sumba, Savu, Roti, and Timor Isls (Indonesia), and adjacent small islands. A Cambodian record was rejected by Kock (2000a) and a Bali record was rejected by Kock and Dobat (2000); a Taiwan record is doubtful, see Corbet and Hill (1992).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	javanicus Sody, 1937; atrox K. Andersen, 1918; erigens Lawrence, 1939; hilli Kitchener, 1996 [in Kitchener et al., 1996]; major K. Andersen, 1918; selatan Kitchener, 1996 [in Kitchener et al., 1996]; tanimbarensis Kitchener, 1996 [in Kitchener et al., 1996].	bicolor species group. Includes erigens; see Hill (1963b). Does not include pomona, gentilis, or macrobullatus; see Hill et al. (1986). Reviewed in part by Hill (1983), Bergmans and van Bree (1986), Corbet and Hill (1992), Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi (1995), and Kitchener et al. (1996). Sumbawa specimens have not been allocated to subspecies; see Kitchener et al. (1996). Probably includes more than one species, including cryptic species distinguishable primarily by echolocation call frequencies (see Kingston et al., 2001).	03BD87A2C661A213FF37FEFFFBCE4F27	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Hipposideridae_210.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff84ffdac676a204fff8ff9affef4346	250	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/BD/87/03BD87A2C661A213FF37FEFFFBCE4F27.xml	Hipposideros bicolor	Hipposideridae	Hipposideros	bicolor	Temminck	1834	Phyllorhine bicolore @fr | Zweifarb-Rundblattnase @de | Hiposidérido bicolor @es | Bicolored Roundleaf Bat @en	Rhinolophus bicolor Temminck, 1834 , “ Java , Amboina en op Timor.” Restricted by G. H. H. Tate in 1941 to “ Java and Timor.” Hipposideros bicolor was formerly included in the bicolor species group, but is now in the new ater species group. Seven subspecies recognized.	H. b. bicolor Temminck, 1834 -Borneo, Java , and W Lesser Sunda Is. H.b.atroxK.Andersen,1918—SThailand,MalayPeninsula(includingTarutaoandTiomanIs),Sumatra,andBangkaIs. H.b.erigensLawrence,1939-Philippines(Luzon,Mindoro,andBoholIs)H.b.hilliKitchener,1996—TimorI,ELesserSundas. . H.b.majorK.Andersen,1918-NiasandEngganoIs,offWSumatra. H.b.selatanKitchener,1996—SavuandRotiIs,ELesserSundas. H. b. tanimbarensis Kitchener, 1996 — Tanimbar Is (Selaru). Previous records from Taiwan I, Laos , and Vietnam may prove to be misidentifications and need further verification.	Forearm 43-48 mm. Noseleaf of the Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat has one thin supplementary leaflet on each side. Anterior leaf is somewhat rounded. Intemarial septum is parallel-sided. Pelage is grayish brown to dark brown, or reddish brown. Skull is small; sagittal crest is moderately developed. P3 is small and extruded from tooth row. Baculum is very small, c. 3 mm in length, with thin, curved shaft with blunt base and bifid tip. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FN = 60.	The Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat forages in forest gaps, and the understory of primary rainforest, dry evergreen and mixed deciduous forests, and secondary forest. It can be found in orchards, rubber and oil-palm plantations near roosting caves. It is abundant in lowland forests in limestone karst habitat and can be found up to 600 m .	The Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat feeds on small insects in forest gaps and along trails or over water bodies; it feeds in the understory, c. 3 m aboveground.	In peninsular Thailand , females were found pregnant in March-May and the young with lactating females were observed in late April-June.	The Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat roosts in limestone caves, rock crevices, houses, old buildings, underground pipes or hollow trees. Call frequency of the F segment is 127—135 kHz.	Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bats roost in small to large groups, in caves; these can be shared with Kunz’s Leaf-nosed Bats ( H. kunzi ), Least Leaf-nosed Bats ( H. cineraceus ), Great Himalayan Leaf-nosed Bats ( H. armiger ), Horsfield’s Leaf-nosed Bats ( H. larvatus ), Diadem Leaf-nosed Bats (W. diadema ), Pendlebury’s Leaf-nosed Bats { H. pendleburyi ), and also various Rhinolophus species.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat is fairly common and is found in several protected areas.	Corbet & Hill (1992) | Csorba, Bumrungsri, Francis, Bates & Gumal (2008) | Douangboubpha, Bumrungsri, Soisook, Satasook et al. (2010) | Heaney et al. (1998) | Kingston et al. (2006) | Murray et al. (2018) | Phillipps & Phillipps (2016) | Simmons (2005) | Tate (1941a)	https://zenodo.org/record/3749161/files/figure.png	63. Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros bicolor French: Phyllorhine bicolore / German: Zweifarb-Rundblattnase / Spanish: Hiposidérido bicolor Other common names: Bicolored Roundleaf Bat Taxonomy. Rhinolophus bicolor Temminck, 1834 , “ Java , Amboina en op Timor.” Restricted by G. H. H. Tate in 1941 to “ Java and Timor.” Hipposideros bicolor was formerly included in the bicolor species group, but is now in the new ater species group. Seven subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. H. b. bicolor Temminck, 1834 -Borneo, Java , and W Lesser Sunda Is. H.b. atrox K. Andersen,1918—SThailand,MalayPeninsula(includingTarutaoandTiomanIs),Sumatra,andBangkaIs. H.b.erigensLawrence,1939-Philippines(Luzon,Mindoro,andBoholIs)H.b.hilliKitchener,1996—TimorI,ELesserSundas. . H.b.majorK.Andersen,1918-NiasandEngganoIs,offWSumatra. H.b.selatanKitchener,1996—SavuandRotiIs,ELesserSundas. H. b. tanimbarensis Kitchener, 1996 — Tanimbar Is (Selaru). Previous records from Taiwan I, Laos , and Vietnam may prove to be misidentifications and need further verification. Descriptive notes. Forearm 43-48 mm. Noseleaf of the Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat has one thin supplementary leaflet on each side. Anterior leaf is somewhat rounded. Intemarial septum is parallel-sided. Pelage is grayish brown to dark brown, or reddish brown. Skull is small; sagittal crest is moderately developed. P3 is small and extruded from tooth row. Baculum is very small, c. 3 mm in length, with thin, curved shaft with blunt base and bifid tip. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FN = 60. Habitat. The Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat forages in forest gaps, and the understory of primary rainforest, dry evergreen and mixed deciduous forests, and secondary forest. It can be found in orchards, rubber and oil-palm plantations near roosting caves. It is abundant in lowland forests in limestone karst habitat and can be found up to 600 m . Food and Feeding. The Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat feeds on small insects in forest gaps and along trails or over water bodies; it feeds in the understory, c. 3 m aboveground. Breeding. In peninsular Thailand , females were found pregnant in March-May and the young with lactating females were observed in late April-June. Activity patterns. The Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat roosts in limestone caves, rock crevices, houses, old buildings, underground pipes or hollow trees. Call frequency of the F segment is 127—135 kHz. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bats roost in small to large groups, in caves; these can be shared with Kunz’s Leaf-nosed Bats ( H. kunzi ), Least Leaf-nosed Bats ( H. cineraceus ), Great Himalayan Leaf-nosed Bats ( H. armiger ), Horsfield’s Leaf-nosed Bats ( H. larvatus ), Diadem Leaf-nosed Bats (W. diadema ), Pendlebury’s Leaf-nosed Bats { H. pendleburyi ), and also various Rhinolophus species. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat is fairly common and is found in several protected areas. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Csorba, Bumrungsri, Francis, Bates & Gumal (2008), Douangboubpha, Bumrungsri, Soisook, Satasook et al. (2010), Heaney et al. (1998), Kingston et al. (2006), Murray et al. (2018), Phillipps & Phillipps (2016), Simmons (2005), Tate (1941a).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Hipposideridae	Hipposideros bicolor	Hipposideros		bicolor	Temminck	1834	1	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol.	1:19	Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat	 javanicus Sody, 1937; <b>erigens</b> Lawrence, 1939; <b> hilli </b> Kitchener, 1996 [in Kitchener et al., 1996]; <b> major </b> K. Andersen, 1918; <b>selatan</b> Kitchener, 1996 [in Kitchener et al., 1996]; <b> tanimbarensis </b> Kitchener, 1996 [in Kitchener et al., 1996].	Indonesia, Java, Anjer coast. Lectotype designated and type locality restricted by Tate (1941).	Laos, Vietnam, S Thailand, and Malaysia to Borneo and the Philippines; Java, Sumbawa, Seralu, Sumba, Savu, Roti, and Timor Isls (Indonesia), and adjacent small islands. A Cambodian record was rejected by Kock (2000a) and a Bali record was rejected by Kock and Dobat (2000); a Taiwan record is doubtful, see Corbet and Hill (1992).	Not listed.	Least Concern	 bicolor species group. Includes erigens; , which may be a distinct species; see Hill (1963) and Murray et al. (2018). Includes atrox ; see Murray et al., 2018. Also referred to as bicolor -131 (e.g., Douangboubpha et al. 2010; Murray et al. 2012, 2018). Does not include pomona,  gentilis, or macrobullatus; see Hill et al. (1986). Reviewed in part by Hill (1983), Bergmans and van Bree (1986), Corbet and Hill (1992), Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi(1995), and Kitchener et al. (1996). Sumbawa specimens have not been allocated to subspecies; see Kitchener et al. (1996). We consider both major and javanicus as synonyms of the nominate subspecies following Murray et al. (2018).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Hipposideros bicolor	23	Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat	Bicolored Roundleaf Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	HIPPOSIDERIDAE	NA	NA	Hipposideros	NA	bicolor	Temminck	1834	1						"Java, Amboina en op Timor." Restricted by G. H. H. Tate in 1941 to "Java and Timor."			bicolor (Temminck, 1834)|atrox K. Andersen, 1918|major K. Andersen, 1918|javanicus Sody, 1937|erigens B. Lawrence, 1939|hilli Kitchener in Kitchener, Konishi, & Suyanto, 1996|selatan Kitchener in Kitchener, Konishi, & Suyanto, 1996|tanimbarensis Kitchener in Kitchener, Konishi, & Suyanto, 1996	includes atrox, which has been considered a distinct species	Douangboubpha, B., Bumrungsri, S., Soisook, P., Satasook, C., Thomas, N. M., & Bates, P. J. (2010). A taxonomic review of the Hipposideros bicolor species complex and H. pomona (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) in Thailand. Acta Chiropterologica, 12(2), 415-438.|Murray, S. W., Khan, F. A., Kingston, T., Zubaid, A., & Campbell, P. (2018). A new species in the Hipposideros bicolor group (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Acta chiropterologica, 20(1), 1-29.	Thailand|Malaysia|Singapore|Indonesia|Brunei|Philippines|East Timor	Asia	Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Hipposideros_bicolor	0	sciname match	Hipposideros_bicolor	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	80000000	Hipposideros bicolor	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	HIPPOSIDERIDAE	Hipposideros	bicolor	(Temminck, 1834)	This is the revised concept for Hipposideros bicolor. Previously the species included H. atrox , but this is now considered a distinct species (Douangboubpha et al. 2010).	20000000	Hipposideros bicolor	Least Concern		2020	2018-09-10 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern as the species has a wide distribution and is common where it occurs. It occurs in a number of protected areas. The individuals referred to this species in the Philippines are poorly known and possibly represent a separate species that is endemic to Philippines.	A forest species preferring primary forest, it is not common in disturbed forest areas. It roosts in caves in Peninsular Malaysia (Payne et al. 1985). In Thailand, they can be found roosting in large colony in Huay Klang Cave which is surrounded by cultivated areas (Douangboubpha et al. 2010). Found share habitats with H. armiger , H. turpis and Hipposideros spp. (Douangboubpha et al. 2010). This species recorded captured in a variety of habitats which include secondary and primary lowland forests, rubber plantations, cultivated areas and human settlements which mostly in area of limestone (Douangboubpha et al. 2010).	There are no major threats to this species, although it is sensitive to deforestation and cave disturbance and loss.	This species is common in the Southeast Asia region and probably widespread in Borneo, although there are no records of their roost (Khan et al. pers. comm.). Little is known about the abundance, population size and trends for this species. Only a few individual have been captured at each locality. In Krau, this species is captured more than 20 individuals in a single trap representing the highest total number of single species captured at a site (Kingston et al. , 2003). The status of the Philippines population is unknown (Heaney et al. 1998). In Thailand, this species is recorded roosting in large colony at Huay Klang Cave (Douangboubpha et al. 2010).	Stable	This species is found from Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the Philippines. In the Philippines, the few individuals referred to this species are from Luzon (Camarines Sur province) and Mindoro (Heaney et al. 1998). A specimen from Palawan reported by Allen (1922) was recently re-identified as Hipposideros ater , which is the only report of the species from the island (Esselstyn et al. 2004). Within Peninsular Malaysia, the Hipposideros bicolor species complex were defined as phonic types of H. bicolor 131 kHz and H. bicolor 142 kHz (Kingston et al. 2001) which later H. bicolor 131 kHz is designated as H. bicolor meanwhile H. bicolor 142 kHz (previously recognized as H. atrox , Douangboubpha et al. , 2010) is now recognized as H. kunzi (Murray et al. , 2018). H. bicolor has been recorded throughout Peninsular Malaysia including Penang Island, Gunung Stong (Shukor et al. 2005, Mariana et al. 2005), Krau Wildlife Reserve (Kingston et al. 2006), Kuala Atok, Taman Negara Pahang (Tingga et al. , 2012), Borneo, Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Reserve (unpub. data, 2008), Bako, Fairy Cave, Jambusan Cave (Khan et al. 2008), Tanjung Datu National Park (Khan, 2014, unpub. data), Samunsam Wildlife Sanctuary (Khan et al. 2017), Sungai Ingei, Perayan Forest Reserve, Ulu Temburong National Park (Struebig et al. 2012), Thailand, Huay Klang Cave, Lamnam Kra Buri, Khao Lampi-Had Thaymuang National park, Tham bok Karanee National Park, Ton Nga Chang Wildlife Sanctuary, Rattaphum, Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctuary (Douangboubpha et al. 2010).		Terrestrial	The species occurs in a number of protected areas. In Sarawak, this species is listed as a protected animal (Wildlife Protection Ordinance 1998).	Australasian|Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Hipposideridae	Hipposideros		bicolor	Temminck	1834	1	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol.	1:19	Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat	 javanicus Sody, 1937; <b>erigens</b> Lawrence, 1939; <b> hilli </b> Kitchener, 1996 [in Kitchener et al., 1996]; <b> major </b> K. Andersen, 1918; <b>selatan</b> Kitchener, 1996 [in Kitchener et al., 1996]; <b> tanimbarensis </b> Kitchener, 1996 [in Kitchener et al., 1996].	Indonesia, Java, Anjer coast. Lectotype designated and type locality restricted by Tate (1941).	Laos, Vietnam, S Thailand, and Malaysia to Borneo and the Philippines; Java, Sumbawa, Seralu, Sumba, Savu, Roti, and Timor Isls (Indonesia), and adjacent small islands. A Cambodian record was rejected by Kock (2000a) and a Bali record was rejected by Kock and Dobat (2000); a Taiwan record is doubtful, see Corbet and Hill (1992).	Not listed.	Least Concern	 bicolor species group. Includes erigens; , which may be a distinct species; see Hill (1963) and Murray et al. (2018). Includes atrox ; see Murray et al., 2018. Also referred to as bicolor -131 (e.g., Douangboubpha et al. 2010; Murray et al. 2012, 2018). Does not include pomona,  gentilis, or macrobullatus; see Hill et al. (1986). Reviewed in part by Hill (1983), Bergmans and van Bree (1986), Corbet and Hill (1992), Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi(1995), and Kitchener et al. (1996). Sumbawa specimens have not been allocated to subspecies; see Kitchener et al. (1996). We consider both major and javanicus as synonyms of the nominate subspecies following Murray et al. (2018).	Hipposideros bicolor	1004580	23	Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat	Bicolored Roundleaf Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	Hipposideridae	NA	NA	Hipposideros	NA	bicolor	Temminck	1834	1						"Java, Amboina en op Timor." Restricted by G. H. H. Tate in 1941 to "Java and Timor."			bicolor (Temminck, 1834)|atrox K. Andersen, 1918|major K. Andersen, 1918|javanicus Sody, 1937|erigens B. Lawrence, 1939|hilli Kitchener in Kitchener, Konishi, & Suyanto, 1996|selatan Kitchener in Kitchener, Konishi, & Suyanto, 1996|tanimbarensis Kitchener in Kitchener, Konishi, & Suyanto, 1996	includes atrox, which has been considered a distinct species	Douangboubpha, B., Bumrungsri, S., Soisook, P., Satasook, C., Thomas, N. M., & Bates, P. J. (2010). A taxonomic review of the Hipposideros bicolor species complex and H. pomona (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) in Thailand. Acta Chiropterologica, 12(2), 415-438.|Murray, S. W., Khan, F. A., Kingston, T., Zubaid, A., & Campbell, P. (2018). A new species in the Hipposideros bicolor group (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Acta chiropterologica, 20(1), 1-29.				Thailand|Malaysia|Singapore|Indonesia|Brunei|Philippines|East Timor	Asia	Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Hipposideros_bicolor	0	sciname match	Hipposideros_bicolor	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Hipposideros_bicolor	1004580	23	Bicolored Roundleaf Bat	Bicolored Roundleaf Bat|Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Rhinolophoidea	Hipposideridae	NA	NA	Hipposideros	NA	bicolor	Temminck	1	Rhinolophus bicolor	Temminck, C.J. 1834. Over een geslacht der vleugelhandige zoogdieren, _Bladneus_ genaamd. (_Rhinolophus_ Geoff., Cuv., Illig, Desm.; _Vespertilio_ Linn., Erxleb.; _Noctilio_ Kuhl). Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie 1:1-30.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13473233	RMNH.MAM.33654	lectotype	https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/RMNH.MAM.33654.a | https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/RMNH.MAM.33654.b	"Java, Amboina en op Timor." Restricted by G. H. H. Tate in 1941 to "Java and Timor."			includes atrox, which has been considered a distinct species	Douangboubpha, B., Bumrungsri, S., Soisook, P., Satasook, C., Thomas, N. M., & Bates, P. J. (2010). A taxonomic review of the Hipposideros bicolor species complex and H. pomona (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) in Thailand. Acta Chiropterologica, 12(2), 415-438.|Murray, S. W., Khan, F. A., Kingston, T., Zubaid, A., & Campbell, P. (2018). A new species in the Hipposideros bicolor group (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Acta chiropterologica, 20(1), 1-29.				Thailand|Malaysia|Singapore|Indonesia|Brunei|Philippines|East Timor	Asia	Indomalaya|Australasia	LC	0	0	0	Hipposideros_bicolor	0	sciname match	Hipposideros_bicolor	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Hipposideridae	Hipposideros		bicolor	Temminck	1834	1	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol.	1:19	Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat	javanicus Sody, 1937; erigens Lawrence, 1939; hilli Kitchener, 1996 [in Kitchener et al., 1996]; major K. Andersen, 1918; selatan Kitchener, 1996 [in Kitchener et al., 1996]; tanimbarensis Kitchener, 1996 [in Kitchener et al., 1996].	Indonesia, Java, Anjer coast. Lectotype designated and type locality restricted by Tate (1941).	Laos, Vietnam, S Thailand, and Malaysia to Borneo and the Philippines; Java, Sumbawa, Seralu, Sumba, Savu, Roti, and Timor Isls (Indonesia), and adjacent small islands. A Cambodian record was rejected by Kock (2000a) and a Bali record was rejected by Kock and Dobat (2000); a Taiwan record is doubtful, see Corbet and Hill (1992).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/80258800/22095301/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	bicolor species group. Includes erigens;, which may be a distinct species; see Hill (1963) and Murray et al. (2018). Includes atrox; see Murray et al., 2018. Also referred to as bicolor-131 (e.g., Douangboubpha et al. 2010; Murray et al. 2012, 2018). Does not include pomona, gentilis, or macrobullatus; see Hill et al. (1986). Reviewed in part by Hill (1983), Bergmans and van Bree (1986), Corbet and Hill (1992), Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi(1995), and Kitchener et al. (1996). Sumbawa specimens have not been allocated to subspecies; see Kitchener et al. (1996). We consider both major and javanicus as synonyms of the nominate subspecies following Murray et al. (2018).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Hipposideros bicolor; Hipposideros bicolor; Hipposideros bicolor; Hipposideros bicolor; Hipposideros bicolor; Hipposideros bicolor; bicolor; atrox; erigens; hilli; major; selatan; tanimbarensis; javanicus; bicolor; atrox; erigens; hilli; major; selatan; tanimbarensis; erigens; hilli; major; selatan; tanimbarensis; javanicus; bicolor; atrox; major; javanicus; erigens; hilli; selatan; tanimbarensis; Phyllorhine bicolore; Zweifarb-Rundblattnase; Hiposidérido bicolor; Bicolored Roundleaf Bat; Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat; Bicolored Roundleaf Bat; Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat; Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat; H. bicolor