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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L369	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Hipposideros ater	Hipposideros ater	Hipposideros ater	Hipposideros ater	Hipposideros ater	Hipposideros ater	Hipposideros ater	Hipposideros ater	Hipposideros ater	Hipposideros ater	Hipposideros ater	Hipposideros ater	Hipposideros ater	Hipposideros ater	Hipposideros ater		[MSW2] Formerly included in bicolor, but see Hill (19636:30).; [MSW3] bicolor species group. Formerly included in bicolor, but see Hill (1963b). Does not include wrighti (here considered a subspecies of cineraceus); see Hill and Francis (1984). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997); also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).; [HMW] Hipposideros ater Templeton, 1848 , “Colombo,” Sri Lanka . Hipposideros ater was formerly included in the bicolor species group, but is now placed in the new ater species group (13 species). Phylogenetic analyses suggested specimens referred to this species from throughout the range include cryptic species; e.g. in Borneo, and further revision of this widespread species is needed. Seven subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022]  bicolor species group. Formerly included in bicolor, but see Hill (1963b). Does not include wrighti (here considered a subspecies of cineraceus); see Hill and Francis (1984); does not include nicobarulae; see Douangboupha et al. (2012). Does not include antricola ; see Murray et al. (2011), Esselstyn et al. (2012), and Heaney et al. (2016). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997); also see Flannery (1995a, b), Bonaccorso (1998), and Douangboupha et al. (2011). Probably includes more than one species; see Esselstyn et al. 2012.; [MDD2022] previously included H. nicobarulae and H. antricola; [IUCN] This is a species complex that extends from India, through parts of mainland and Maritime Southeast Asia, to New Guinea and Australia. It is highly likely that there are several species-level taxa within Hipposideros ‘ater ’, given the many allopatric distributions, and its presence on either side of all major faunal boundary lines in the region. Representatives in some parts of the distribution have already been described formally as distinct species (H. einnaythu , Douangboubpha et al. 2011) or confirmed as distinct (H. nicobularae , Douangboubpha et al. 2011, previously synonymised with H. ater by Simmons 2005). Several other studies have documented polyphyletic relationships and large levels of mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence amongst geographic representatives of H. ater , which are suggestive of distinct taxa in the Philippines, Borneo, Java and parts of Australasia (Esselstyn et al. 2012, Lavery et al. 2014, F.A.A. Khan et al. unpublished data). A second affiliated species appears to be present in Papua New Guinea (Armstrong et al. 2019). A rigorous taxonomic evaluation that includes modern genetic methods and comprehensive geographic sampling is required. One or more of the other synonyms listed by Simmons (2005) may yet prove to be distinct at the species level.; [batnames2023]  bicolor species group. Formerly included in bicolor, but see Hill (1963b). Does not include wrighti (here considered a subspecies of cineraceus); see Hill and Francis (1984); does not include nicobarulae; see Douangboupha et al. (2012). Does not include antricola ; see Murray et al. (2011), Esselstyn et al. (2012), and Heaney et al. (2016). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997); also see Flannery (1995a, b), Bonaccorso (1998), and Douangboupha et al. (2011). Probably includes more than one species; see Esselstyn et al. 2012.; [MDD2023] previously included H. nicobarulae and H. antricola; [MDD2025_2.0] previously included H. nicobarulae and H. antricola; [batnames2025_1.7] bicolor species group. Formerly included in bicolor, but see Hill (1963b). Does not include wrighti (here considered a subspecies of cineraceus); see Hill and Francis (1984); does not include nicobarulae; see Douangboupha et al. (2012). Does not include antricola; see Murray et al. (2011), Esselstyn et al. (2012), and Heaney et al. (2016). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997); also see Flannery (1995a, b), Bonaccorso (1998), and Douangboupha et al. (2011). Probably includes more than one species; see Esselstyn et al. (2012), and Wongwaiyut et al. (2023) who provisionally assigned specimens of ater and cf. ater from Java and Sabah to Hipposideros cf. saevus.; [MDD2025_2.2] previously included H. nicobarulae and H. antricola						albaniensis, amboiensis, antricola, aruensis, atratus, gilberti, nicobarulae, saevus, toala.	ater, nicobarulae, saevus, antricola, aruensis, amboiensis, gilberti	ater, amboinensis, antricola, aruensis, gilberti, nicobarulae, saevus	atratus; aruensis - albanensis; saevus - toala	ater, amboinensis, antricola, aruensis, gilberti, naUamalaensis, saevus		ater, nallamalaensis	ater - nallamalaensis, atratus, amboinensis, antricola, aruensis, albanensis, gilberti, saevus, toala	ater, atratus, aruensis, albanensis, amboinensis, saevus , toala, gilberti, nallamalaensis	This is a species complex that extends from India, through parts of mainland and Maritime Southeast Asia, to New Guinea and Australia. It is highly likely that there are several species-level taxa within Hipposideros ‘ater ’, given the many allopatric distributions, and its presence on either side of all major faunal boundary lines in the region. Representatives in some parts of the distribution have already been described formally as distinct species (H. einnaythu , Douangboubpha et al. 2011) or confirmed as distinct (H. nicobularae , Douangboubpha et al. 2011, previously synonymised with H. ater by Simmons 2005). Several other studies have documented polyphyletic relationships and large levels of mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence amongst geographic representatives of H. ater , which are suggestive of distinct taxa in the Philippines, Borneo, Java and parts of Australasia (Esselstyn et al. 2012, Lavery et al. 2014, F.A.A. Khan et al. unpublished data). A second affiliated species appears to be present in Papua New Guinea (Armstrong et al. 2019). A rigorous taxonomic evaluation that includes modern genetic methods and comprehensive geographic sampling is required. One or more of the other synonyms listed by Simmons (2005) may yet prove to be distinct at the species level.	ater, nallamalaensis	nallamalaensis - atratus, aruensis, albanensis, amboinensis, saevus, toala, gilberti	ater, atratus, aruensis, albanensis, amboinensis, saevus, toala, gilberti, nallamalaensis	ater, atratus, aruensis, albanensis, amboinensis, saevus, toala, gilberti, nallamalaensis	ater, nallamalaensis	nallamalaensis - albanensis, amboinensis, aruensis, atratus, gilberti, saevus, toala	ater Templeton in E. Blyth, 1848|atratus Kelaart, 1850|aruensis J. E. Gray, 1858|albanensis J. E. Gray, 1866|amboinensis (W. C. H. Peters, 1871)|saevus Andersen, 1918|toala Shamel, 1940|gilberti D. H. Johnson, 1959|amboiensis Koopman, 1994 [incorrect subsequent spelling]|nallamalaensis C. Srinivasulu & B. Srinivasulu, 2006		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Dusky leaf-nosed bat	India – Java – NW, N Australia; Philippines	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Hipposideros ater	Sri Lanka, Western Prov., Colombo.	Templeton	1848	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 17:252.	Distribution: Known from India and Ceylon, several limited areas in southeastern Asia, the Nicobar islands and Su matra to the Philippines, Bismarcks, and northern Australia.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Dusky leaf-nosed bat Arch., NW, N	India – Java – Bismarck Diadem leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros diadema) Australia; Philippines	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Templeton	1848	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 17:252.	Formerly included in bicolor, but see Hill (19636:30).	Sri Lanka; India to W Malaysia, through Philippines, Indonesia, and New Guinea to N Queensland, N Northern Territory, and N Western Australia (Australia).	Sri Lanka, Western Prov., Colombo.		TEMPLETON	1848	In ternarial septum thickened and bulbous. Anterior half of zygoma slender; a low superior projection on the posterior half. Size relatively small (fore arm length, 33-43 mm).	Distribution: Known from India and Ceylon, several limited areas in southeastern Asia, the Nicobar islands and Su matra to the Philippines, Bismarcks, and northern Australia.	Seven subspecies are recognized:	H. a. ater (India, Ceylon), H. a. nicobarulae (Nicobars), H. a. saevus (southeastern Asia east to the Moluccas), H. a. antricola (Philippines), H. a. aruensis (= albaniensis) (New Guinea, Bismarcks, northern Queensland), H. a. amboiensis (Amboina in the Moluccas), H. a. gilberti (northern coast of the Northern Territory and Western Australia).	60	species	H. ater	TEMPLETON	1848	Hipposideros	genus	Hipposideros ater				In ternarial septum thickened and bulbous. Anterior half of zygoma slender; a low superior projection on the posterior half. Size relatively small (fore arm length, 33-43 mm).	Seven subspecies are recognized:		5. H. ater TEMPLETON 1848 [bicolor group],	5	_H. a. amboinensis_ (Peters, 1871); _H. a. aruensis_ Gray, 1858 (synonyms: _albanensis_ Gray, 1866); _H. a. ater_ Templeton, 1848 (synonyms: _atratus_ Kelaart, 1850); _H. a. gilberti_ Johnson, 1959; _H. a. nallamalaensis_ Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu, 2006; _H. a. saevus_ Andersen, 1918 (synonyms: _toala_ Shamel, 1940)			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Hipposideridae			Hipposideros ater	Hipposideros		ater	Templeton		1848		J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal	17		252		Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat	Sri Lanka, Western Prov., Colombo.	Sri Lanka; India to W Malaysia, through Philippines, Indonesia, and New Guinea to N Queensland, N Northern Territory, and N Western Australia (Australia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	atratus Kelaart, 1850; amboinensis Peters, 1871; antricola Peters, 1861; aruensis Gray, 1858; albanensis Gray, 1866; gilberti Johnson, 1959; nicobarulae Miller, 1902; saevus K. Andersen, 1918; toala Shamel, 1940.	bicolor species group. Formerly included in bicolor, but see Hill (1963b). Does not include wrighti (here considered a subspecies of cineraceus); see Hill and Francis (1984). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997); also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	03BD87A2C660A212F8A5FB65F7915168	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Hipposideridae_210.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff84ffdac676a204fff8ff9affef4346	249	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/BD/87/03BD87A2C660A212F8A5FB65F7915168.xml	Hipposideros ater	Hipposideridae	Hipposideros	ater	Templeton	1848	Phyllorhine sombre @fr | Dunkle Rundblattnase @de | Hiposidérido sombreado @es | Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat @en | Dusky Roundleaf Bat @en	Hipposideros ater Templeton, 1848 , “Colombo,” Sri Lanka . Hipposideros ater was formerly included in the bicolor species group, but is now placed in the new ater species group (13 species). Phylogenetic analyses suggested specimens referred to this species from throughout the range include cryptic species; e.g. in Borneo, and further revision of this widespread species is needed. Seven subspecies recognized.	H.a.aterTempleton,1848-IndiaandSriLanka. H.a.amboinensisPeters,1871—AmbonI,Moluccas. H.a. antricola Peters,1861—Philippines. H.a.aruensisj.E.Gray,1858—NewGuinea,BismarckArchipelago,WoodlarkI,andEAustralia(Queensland). H.a.gilbertiD.H.Johnson,1959-WesternAustraliaandNorthernTerritory,Australia. H.a.naUamalaensis.Srinivasulu&B.Srinivasulu,2006-EasternGhats,AndhraPradesh,India. H. a. saevus K. Andersen, 1918 -Myanmar S to Peninsular Malaysia , Sumatra , N Borneo, Java , Lesser Sunda Is ( Bali and Lombok), Sulawesi , Moluccas , and Kai Is. Range of this subspecies is tentative and needs revision.			The Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat combines aerial-hawking and foliagegleaning tactics to find insect prey. Its known diet includes beetles, moths, gnats, and mosquitoes.	In India , females were found pregnant in mid-November to mid-December and gave birth to a single offspring from late May to June, continuing to lactate until mid-August. Females reach sexual maturity within one year. In Sri Lanka , pregnant females were captured in mid-March. In Papua New Guinea , pregnant females were found in late October, and a young was found in early December. In Australia , newborn young were observed in October-November. Individual males can be found at maternity roosts.	The Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat emerges rather late in the evening and flies low down. It roosts in caves, rock crevices, houses, old buildings, abandoned mines or hollow trees. During the day, it spends time grooming and cleaning fur and membranes. Call frequency of F segment is 163-169 kHz in India , and 154-164 kHz in Papua New Guinea .	The Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat roosts singly (particularly males), or in small groups, in caves, with numbers of up to a few hundred individuals; bats maintain a space of c.lO cm from each other. The species can share a roost with other bat species, but tends to hang apart from them.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. The Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat is a widespread species and is found in several protected areas.	Bates & Harrison (1997) | Bonaccorso (1998) | Corbet & Hill (1992) | Csorba, Bumrungsri, Francis, Helgen, Bates, Gumal, Heaney et al. (2008) | Douangboubpha, Bumrungsri, Satasook et al. (2011) | Douangboubpha, Bumrungsri, Soisook, Murray et al. (2010) | Phillipps & Phillipps (2016) | Simmons (2005) | Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu (2006)	https://zenodo.org/record/6470435/files/figure.png	62. Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros ater French: Phyllorhine sombre / German: Dunkle Rundblattnase / Spanish: Hiposidérido sombreado Other common names: Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat , Dusky Roundleaf Bat Taxonomy. Hipposideros ater Templeton, 1848 , “Colombo,” Sri Lanka . Hipposideros ater was formerly included in the bicolor species group, but is now placed in the new ater species group (13 species). Phylogenetic analyses suggested specimens referred to this species from throughout the range include cryptic species; e.g. in Borneo, and further revision of this widespread species is needed. Seven subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. H.a.aterTempleton,1848-IndiaandSriLanka. H.a.amboinensisPeters,1871—AmbonI,Moluccas. H.a.antricolaPeters,1861—Philippines. H.a.aruensisj.E.Gray,1858—NewGuinea,BismarckArchipelago,WoodlarkI,andEAustralia(Queensland). H.a.gilbertiD.H.Johnson,1959-WesternAustraliaandNorthernTerritory,Australia. H.a.naUamalaensis.Srinivasulu&B.Srinivasulu,2006-EasternGhats,AndhraPradesh,India. H. a. saevus K. Andersen, 1918 -Myanmar S to Peninsular Malaysia , Sumatra , N Borneo, Java , Lesser Sunda Is ( Bali and Lombok), Sulawesi , Moluccas , and Kai Is. Range of this subspecies is tentative and needs revision. Descriptive notes. Head-body 35-45 mm, tail 17-28 mm, forearm 17-43 mm; weight 4-5-10 g. Forearm length variable between populations, 34-38 mm (Indian subcontinent) and 36-43 mm ( Papua New Guinea ). Noseleaf of the Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat has no supplementary leaflet. Shape of intemarial septum varies between populations, from triangular to parallel-sided, or a swollen bump. Pelage color is variable from dull yellow to golden-orange to gray to dark brown; base of hair is paler than tip. Skull is small; sagittal crest is present but not well developed. P4 is small and extruded from tooth row. Baculum is a very small, thin, straight shaft with simple blunt base and tip. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FN = 60. Habitat The Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat forages in forest gaps, understory of rainforest, dry evergreen forest, and secondary forest. Food and Feeding. The Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat combines aerial-hawking and foliagegleaning tactics to find insect prey. Its known diet includes beetles, moths, gnats, and mosquitoes. Breeding. In India , females were found pregnant in mid-November to mid-December and gave birth to a single offspring from late May to June, continuing to lactate until mid-August. Females reach sexual maturity within one year. In Sri Lanka , pregnant females were captured in mid-March. In Papua New Guinea , pregnant females were found in late October, and a young was found in early December. In Australia , newborn young were observed in October-November. Individual males can be found at maternity roosts. Activity patterns. The Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat emerges rather late in the evening and flies low down. It roosts in caves, rock crevices, houses, old buildings, abandoned mines or hollow trees. During the day, it spends time grooming and cleaning fur and membranes. Call frequency of F segment is 163-169 kHz in India , and 154-164 kHz in Papua New Guinea . Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat roosts singly (particularly males), or in small groups, in caves, with numbers of up to a few hundred individuals; bats maintain a space of c.lO cm from each other. The species can share a roost with other bat species, but tends to hang apart from them. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. The Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat is a widespread species and is found in several protected areas. Bibliography. Bates & Harrison (1997), Bonaccorso (1998), Corbet & Hill (1992), Csorba, Bumrungsri, Francis, Helgen, Bates, Gumal, Heaney eta/. (2008), Douangboubpha, Bumrungsri, Satasook et al. (2011), Douangboubpha, Bumrungsri, Soisook, Murray et al. (2010), Phillipps & Phillipps (2016), Simmons (2005), Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu (2006).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Hipposideridae	Hipposideros ater	Hipposideros		ater	Templeton	1848	0	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal	0.8833	Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat	<b> nallamalaensis </b>Srinivasulu &; Srinivasulu; atratus Kelaart, 1850; amboinensis Peters, 1871; antricola Peters, 1861; aruensis Gray, 1858; albanensis Gray, 1866; gilberti Johnson, 1959; saevus K. Andersen, 1918; toala Shamel, 1940.	Sri Lanka, Western Prov., Colombo.	Sri Lanka; India to W Malaysia, through Philippines, Indonesia, and New Guinea to N Queensland, N Northern Territory, and N Western Australia (Australia).	Not listed.	Least Concern	 bicolor species group. Formerly included in bicolor, but see Hill (1963b). Does not include wrighti (here considered a subspecies of cineraceus); see Hill and Francis (1984); does not include nicobarulae; see Douangboupha et al. (2012). Does not include antricola ; see Murray et al. (2011), Esselstyn et al. (2012), and Heaney et al. (2016). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997); also see Flannery (1995a, b), Bonaccorso (1998), and Douangboupha et al. (2011). Probably includes more than one species; see Esselstyn et al. 2012.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Hipposideros ater	23	Common Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat	Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat|Dusky Roundleaf Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	HIPPOSIDERIDAE	NA	NA	Hipposideros	NA	ater	Templeton	1848	0						"Colombo," Sri Lanka.			ater Templeton, 1848|atratus Kelaart, 1850|aruensis J. E. Gray, 1858|albanensis J. E. Gray, 1866|amboinensis (W. Peters, 1871)|saevus K. Andersen, 1918|toala Shamel, 1940|gilberti D. H. Johnson, 1959|nallamalaensis C. Srinivasulu & B. Srinivasulu, 2006	previously included H. nicobarulae and H. antricola	Douangboubpha, B., Bumrungsri, S., Satasook, C., Soisook, P., Hla Bu, S. S., Aul, B., ... & Bates, P. J. (2011). A new species of small Hipposideros (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) from Myanmar and a revaluation of the taxon H. nicobarulae Miller, 1902 from the Nicobar Islands. Acta Chiropterologica, 13(1), 61-78.|Heaney, L. R., Balete, D. S., Rickart, E. A., & Niedzielski, A. (2016). The mammals of Luzon Island: biogeography and natural history of a Philippine fauna. JHU Press.	Sri Lanka|India|Myanmar|Thailand|Malaysia|Brunei?|Indonesia|Papua New Guinea|Australia	Asia|Oceania	Indomalaya|Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Hipposideros_ater	0	sciname match	Hipposideros_ater	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	80000000	Hipposideros ater	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	HIPPOSIDERIDAE	Hipposideros	ater	Templeton, 1848	This is a species complex that extends from India, through parts of mainland and Maritime Southeast Asia, to New Guinea and Australia. It is highly likely that there are several species-level taxa within Hipposideros ‘ater ’, given the many allopatric distributions, and its presence on either side of all major faunal boundary lines in the region. Representatives in some parts of the distribution have already been described formally as distinct species (H. einnaythu , Douangboubpha et al. 2011) or confirmed as distinct (H. nicobularae , Douangboubpha et al. 2011, previously synonymised with H. ater by Simmons 2005). Several other studies have documented polyphyletic relationships and large levels of mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence amongst geographic representatives of H. ater , which are suggestive of distinct taxa in the Philippines, Borneo, Java and parts of Australasia (Esselstyn et al. 2012, Lavery et al. 2014, F.A.A. Khan et al. unpublished data). A second affiliated species appears to be present in Papua New Guinea (Armstrong et al. 2019). A rigorous taxonomic evaluation that includes modern genetic methods and comprehensive geographic sampling is required. One or more of the other synonyms listed by Simmons (2005) may yet prove to be distinct at the species level.	20000000	Hipposideros ater	Least Concern		2021	2020-12-11 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is assessed as Least Concern given its wide distribution, use of a broad range of forested habitats, presumed large population size, occurrence in protected areas, and the absence of evidence for a decline. However, future taxonomic work may define species with a much smaller extent of occurrence, which may qualify for higher listing given continued forest loss and disturbance of cave roosts across the region.	In South Asia, this species roosts in small colonies in lofts of old thatched houses, old disused buildings, disused areas of buildings, mines, tunnels, culverts, wells, hollows of large trees in forested areas, large crevices in walls, and caves on seashores. It has a low, fluttering flight and feeds on small sized beetles and mosquitoes. A single young is born after a gestation period of 150-160 days (Bates and Harrison 1997). Young are raised in maternity colonies that have warm, humid microclimates (Pavey and Burwell 2000). In Southeast Asia, the species has been recorded from lowland and montane primary and secondary forest, over or associated with limestone that provide cave roosts (Heaney et al. 1991, Rickart et al. 1993). They also use human-constructed tunnels for roosting (Sedlock 2001). In New Guinea and Australia, it forages in a wide variety of habitats including rainforest, savannah woodland, mangroves and vine thickets, dry scrub, spinifex grasslands, eucalypt woodland and regrowth forest. It roosts in caves and abandoned mines that have warm microclimates with elevated humidity. Colonies usually comprise a few individuals, but sometimes groups of several hundred individuals can be observed (Flannery 1995, Bonaccorso 1998, Pavey and Burwell 2000, Churchill 2008). Their echolocation call is relatively high in frequency, and in New Guinea and Australia, the characteristic frequency ranges from around 150 kHz to over 170 kHz (K.N. Armstrong unpublished data).	There appear to be no major threats to this species that could cause widespread or imminent decline. However, it is a delicate, physiologically fragile species that relies on warm, humid roost microclimates and is especially vulnerable in roost sites. In South Asia and Australia, the species is locally threatened by the disturbance of maternity caves. Some roost caves have been lost in Australia (Woinarski et al. 2014). In the Philippines, the species has probably declined as a result of destruction of lowland forest and disturbance of caves (Heaney et al. 1998). It may be hunted for food in the Philippines (Heaney and Balete unpublished observations), but this is unlikely in the remainder of its range. It is a species of the forest interior and thus is impacted by forest removal.	It is generally an uncommon species and there have not been comprehensive surveys of its population size in any part of its distribution. The species population is assumed to be stable as there is no evidence of a decline.	Unknown	This apparently widespread species ranges from India, through much of Southeast Asia, to the islands of New Guinea and Australia. In South Asia this species is very widely distributed. It is presently known from India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Orissa and Tamil Nadu) and Sri Lanka (Eastern, North Central, Southern and Western provinces) (Molur et al. 2002, Aul and Vijaykumar 2003, Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2006). In mainland Southeast Asia it is distributed from Myanmar, into Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. In the Philippines there are records from Balabac (Hill 1963), Bohol, Catanduanes, Cebu, Leyte, Luzon (the provinces of Abra, Benguet (Taylor 1934), Cagayan, Camarines Sur, Laguna, Pampanga, Rizal, and Tarlac), Marinduque (Lawrence 1939), Maripipi, Mindanao, Mindoro, Negros, and Palawan (Heaney et al. 1998). In the remainder of the island-portion of Southeast Asia, it is found in northern parts of Borneo (Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia) and throughout Indonesia (Sumatra, Sulawesi, the Moluccas, the Aru Islands, the islands of Biak-Supiori and Yapen). It is present throughout Papua New Guinea, including the islands of New Britain, New Ireland and the Louisade Archipelago. In Australia, it is present as scattered colonies from the Kimberley region in Western Australia, through the Top End of the Northern Territory, the Gulf Coastal bioregion and Cape York Peninsula in Queensland. There are also apparently isolated colonies on the Mt Isa Inlier bioregion, Blackdown Tablelands and north of Alice Springs. It has been recorded up to 1,700 m asl in Papua New Guinea (Bonaccorso 1998).	The species is known to be hunted locally in some portions of its range, but is not known to be used or traded.	Terrestrial	Key conservation actions for this species are the protection of known roosting sites in caves, and the identification and protection of additional important roosting sites. Broadscale protection of forests will also help maintain population size in this species. It is present in numerous protected areas but is not explicitly managed. Surveys are required to better define its distribution, assess the relative impacts of threats (especially at maternity sites), establish a monitoring program, assess habitat and ecological requirements, and resolve taxonomic issues so that appropriate levels of attention can be given to taxa that may have a much more limited extent of occurrence (Woinarski et al. 2014).	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Hipposideridae	Hipposideros		ater	Templeton	1848	0	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal	0.883333	Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat	<b> nallamalaensis </b>Srinivasulu &; Srinivasulu; atratus Kelaart, 1850; amboinensis Peters, 1871; antricola Peters, 1861; aruensis Gray, 1858; albanensis Gray, 1866; gilberti Johnson, 1959; saevus K. Andersen, 1918; toala Shamel, 1940.	Sri Lanka, Western Prov., Colombo.	Sri Lanka; India to W Malaysia, through Philippines, Indonesia, and New Guinea to N Queensland, N Northern Territory, and N Western Australia (Australia).	Not listed.	Least Concern	 bicolor species group. Formerly included in bicolor, but see Hill (1963b). Does not include wrighti (here considered a subspecies of cineraceus); see Hill and Francis (1984); does not include nicobarulae; see Douangboupha et al. (2012). Does not include antricola ; see Murray et al. (2011), Esselstyn et al. (2012), and Heaney et al. (2016). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997); also see Flannery (1995a, b), Bonaccorso (1998), and Douangboupha et al. (2011). Probably includes more than one species; see Esselstyn et al. 2012.	Hipposideros ater	1004578	23	Common Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat	Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat|Dusky Roundleaf Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	Hipposideridae	NA	NA	Hipposideros	NA	ater	Templeton	1848	0						"Colombo," Sri Lanka.			ater Templeton, 1848|atratus Kelaart, 1850|aruensis J. E. Gray, 1858|albanensis J. E. Gray, 1866|amboinensis (W. Peters, 1871)|saevus K. Andersen, 1918|toala Shamel, 1940|gilberti D. H. Johnson, 1959|nallamalaensis C. Srinivasulu & B. Srinivasulu, 2006	previously included H. nicobarulae and H. antricola	Douangboubpha, B., Bumrungsri, S., Satasook, C., Soisook, P., Hla Bu, S. S., Aul, B., ... & Bates, P. J. (2011). A new species of small Hipposideros (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) from Myanmar and a revaluation of the taxon H. nicobarulae Miller, 1902 from the Nicobar Islands. Acta Chiropterologica, 13(1), 61-78.|Heaney, L. R., Balete, D. S., Rickart, E. A., & Niedzielski, A. (2016). The mammals of Luzon Island: biogeography and natural history of a Philippine fauna. JHU Press.				Sri Lanka|India|Myanmar|Thailand|Malaysia|Brunei?|Indonesia|Papua New Guinea|Australia	Asia|Oceania	Indomalaya|Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Hipposideros_ater	0	sciname match	Hipposideros_ater	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Hipposideros_ater	1004578	23	Common Dusky Roundleaf Bat	Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat|Dusky Roundleaf Bat|Common Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat|Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Rhinolophoidea	Hipposideridae	NA	NA	Hipposideros	NA	ater	Templeton in E. Blyth	0	Hipposideros ater	Blyth, E. 1848. Report of Curator Zoological Department. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 17(1):247-255.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40129685				"Colombo," Sri Lanka.			previously included H. nicobarulae and H. antricola	Douangboubpha, B., Bumrungsri, S., Satasook, C., Soisook, P., Hla Bu, S. S., Aul, B., ... & Bates, P. J. (2011). A new species of small Hipposideros (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) from Myanmar and a revaluation of the taxon H. nicobarulae Miller, 1902 from the Nicobar Islands. Acta Chiropterologica, 13(1), 61-78.|Heaney, L. R., Balete, D. S., Rickart, E. A., & Niedzielski, A. (2016). The mammals of Luzon Island: biogeography and natural history of a Philippine fauna. JHU Press.				Sri Lanka|India|Myanmar|Thailand|Malaysia|Brunei?|Indonesia|Papua New Guinea|Australia	Asia|Oceania (Continent)	Indomalaya|Australasia	LC	0	0	0	Hipposideros_ater	0	sciname match	Hipposideros_ater	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Hipposideridae	Hipposideros		ater	Templeton	1848	0	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal	0.883333	Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat	nallamalaensis Srinivasulu &amp; Srinivasulu; atratus Kelaart, 1850; amboinensis Peters, 1871; antricola Peters, 1861; aruensis Gray, 1858; albanensis Gray, 1866; gilberti Johnson, 1959; saevus K. Andersen, 1918; toala Shamel, 1940.	Sri Lanka, Western Prov., Colombo.	Sri Lanka; India to W Malaysia, through Philippines, Indonesia, and New Guinea to N Queensland, N Northern Territory, and N Western Australia (Australia).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/80457009/22097974/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	bicolor species group. Formerly included in bicolor, but see Hill (1963b). Does not include wrighti (here considered a subspecies of cineraceus); see Hill and Francis (1984); does not include nicobarulae; see Douangboupha et al. (2012). Does not include antricola; see Murray et al. (2011), Esselstyn et al. (2012), and Heaney et al. (2016). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997); also see Flannery (1995a, b), Bonaccorso (1998), and Douangboupha et al. (2011). Probably includes more than one species; see Esselstyn et al. (2012), and Wongwaiyut et al. (2023) who provisionally assigned specimens of ater and cf. ater from Java and Sabah to Hipposideros cf. saevus.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Hipposideros ater; Hipposideros ater; Hipposideros ater; Hipposideros ater; Hipposideros ater; Hipposideros ater; ater; amboinensis; antricola; aruensis; gilberti; nicobarulae; saevus; atratus; aruensis - albanensis; saevus - toala; ater; amboinensis; antricola; aruensis; gilberti; naUamalaensis; saevus; nallamalaensis; nallamalaensis - atratus; amboinensis; antricola; aruensis; albanensis; gilberti; saevus; toala; ater; atratus; aruensis; albanensis; amboinensis; saevus; toala; gilberti; nallamalaensis; Phyllorhine sombre; Dunkle Rundblattnase; Hiposidérido sombreado; Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat; Dusky Roundleaf Bat; Common Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat; Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat; Dusky Roundleaf Bat; Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat; Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat; H. ater