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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L352	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Micronycteris sylvestris	Micronycteris sylvestris	Micronycteris sylvestris	Micronycteris sylvestris	Micronycteris sylvestris	Glyphonycteris sylvestris	Glyphonycteris sylvestris	Glyphonycteris sylvestris	Glyphonycteris sylvestris	Glyphonycteris sylvestris	Glyphonycteris sylvestris	Glyphonycteris sylvestris	Glyphonycteris sylvestris	Glyphonycteris sylvestris	Glyphonycteris sylvestris		[MSW2] Subgenus Glyphonycteris.; [MSW3] Probably a junior synonym of behnii; see Simmons (1996).; [HMW] Glyphonycteris sylvestris Thomas, 1896 , “Imravalles [= Hacienda Miravalles, Guanacaste ], Costa Rica .” Glyphonycteris sylvestris was included in Micronycteris . Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Probably a junior synonym of behnii ; see Simmons (1996). Unvouchered in Honduras (Turcios-Casco et al., 2020).; [IUCN] This species previously included Glyphonycteris benhi .; [batnames2023] Probably a junior synonym of behnii ; see Simmons (1996). Unvouchered in Honduras (Turcios-Casco et al., 2020).; [batnames2025_1.7] Probably a junior synonym of behnii; see Simmons (1996). Unvouchered in Honduras (Turcios-Casco et al., 2020).														sylvestris	This species previously included Glyphonycteris benhi .			sylvestris	sylvestris			sylvestris O. Thomas, 1896|silvestris (O. L. Montenegro & Romero-Ruiz, 2000) [incorrect subsequent spelling]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Brown big-eared bat	W, S Mexico – E Peru, NE Brazil, Trinidad	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Micronycteris sylvestris	Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Hda. Miravalles, between 1400 and 2000 ft. (427-610 m).	Thomas	1896	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 18:302.	Distribution: Same as for subgenus except for southwestern Brazil.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Brown big-eared bat (Large-eared forest bat)	W, S Mexico – E Peru, SE Brazil, Trinidad	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Thomas	1896	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 18:302.	Subgenus Glyphonycteris.	Peru and SE Brazil to Nayarit and Veracruz (Mexico); Trinidad.	Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Hda. Miravalles, between 1,400 and 2,000 ft. (427-610 m).		THOMAS	1896	Size medium (forearm length, 37-44 mm; condylobasal length, 17-19 mm). Grooving on upper incisors prominent.	Distribution: Same as for subgenus except for southwestern Brazil.	No subspecies.		74	species	M. sylvestris	THOMAS	1896	Glyphonycteris	subgenus	Micronycteris sylvestris				Size medium (forearm length, 37-44 mm; condylobasal length, 17-19 mm). Grooving on upper incisors prominent.	No subspecies.		8. M. sylvestris (THOMAS 1896).	8	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Phyllostomidae	Phyllostominae		Glyphonycteris sylvestris	Glyphonycteris		sylvestris	Thomas		1896		Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6	18		302		Tricolored Bat	Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Hda. Miravalles, between 1,400 and 2,000 ft. (427-610 m).	Peru and SE Brazil north to Nayarit and Veracruz (Mexico); Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt) as Micronycteris sylvestris.		Probably a junior synonym of behnii; see Simmons (1996).	03A687BCFF86FF8613BDFD81FDEDFAD6	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff9fffc4ffb1ffb1133cffbaffe0f244	539	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/A6/87/03A687BCFF86FF8613BDFD81FDEDFAD6.xml	Glyphonycteris sylvestris	Phyllostomidae	Glyphonycteris	sylvestris	Thomas	1896	Glyphonyctere sylvestre @fr | Dreifarbige Gro Rohrblattnase @de | Glifonicteriosilvestre @es | Brown Small-eared Bat @en | Little Graybeard Bat @en | Tricolored Bat @en	Glyphonycteris sylvestris Thomas, 1896 , “Imravalles [= Hacienda Miravalles, Guanacaste ], Costa Rica .” Glyphonycteris sylvestris was included in Micronycteris . Monotypic.	Patchily distributed from C Mexico ( Nayarit and Veracruz ) through Central America ( Honduras , Nicaragua , Costa Rica , and Panama ) into South America, including Colombia , Venezuela , the Guianas, Brazil , E Ecuador , and E Peru ; also on Trinidad 1.	Head-body 48-56 mm, tail 9-12 mm, ear 17-22 mm, hindfoot 11-12 mm, forearm 38-44 mm; weight 7-11 g. The Tricolored Big-eared Bat is similar to Davies’s Big-eared Bat (G. davies) but smaller. Dorsal hair is tricolored. Ears are large, wide, and pointed. Dental formula is12/2, C1/1,P 2/3 M 3/3 ( x2 ) = 34.	Primary and little-disturbed humid tropical and subtropical forests at elevations of 15-1300 m. The Tricolored Big-eared Bat inhabits terra firma and seasonally inundated forest.	The Tricolored Big-eared Bat is a gleaning insectivore and apparently eats some fruits.	Reproductive period of the Tricolored Big-eared Bat apparently begins in rainy seasons. In Mexico , none of 13 specimens captured in December were sexually active; females were not pregnant, and testes of the males were small.	The Tricolored Big-eared Bat is nocturnal. It roosts in caves, tunnels, and hollow trees.	The Tricolored Big-eared Bat forms colonies. In Trinidad Island , a colony of 75 individuals was found, sharing space with the Greater Sac-Winged Bat (Saccopteyx bilineata). In Mexico, a colony of 25 individuals was found in a cave, and in another cave, a single individual was found together with four Gray Sac-winged Bats ( Balantiopteryx plicata ).	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Tricolored Big-eared Batis rare, patchily distributed, and poorly known. Apparently, its conservation status is stable in most of its distribution.	Felix et al. (2016) | Goodwin & Greenhall (1961) | Hall & Dalguest (1963) | Linares (1987) | Medina-Fitoria & Saldana (2012) | Morales-Martinez & Suérez-Castro (2014) | Simmons (1996) | Tirira (2017) | Tirira et al. (2016) | Williams & Genoways (2008)	https://zenodo.org/record/6458835/files/figure.png	113. Tricolored Big-eared Bat Glyphonycteris sylvestris French: Glyphonyctere sylvestre / German: Dreifarbige GroRohrblattnase / Spanish: Glifonicterio silvestre Other common names: Brown Small-eared Bat , Little Graybeard Bat , Tricolored Bat Taxonomy. Glyphonycteris sylvestris Thomas, 1896 , “Imravalles [= Hacienda Miravalles, Guanacaste ], Costa Rica .” Glyphonycteris sylvestris was included in Micronycteris . Monotypic. Distribution. Patchily distributed from C Mexico ( Nayarit and Veracruz ) through Central America ( Honduras , Nicaragua , Costa Rica , and Panama ) into South America, including Colombia , Venezuela , the Guianas, Brazil , E Ecuador , and E Peru ; also on Trinidad 1. Descriptive notes. Head-body 48-56 mm, tail 9-12 mm, ear 17-22 mm, hindfoot 11-12 mm, forearm 38-44 mm; weight 7-11 g. The Tricolored Big-eared Bat is similar to Davies’s Big-eared Bat (G. davies) but smaller. Dorsal hair is tricolored. Ears are large, wide, and pointed. Dental formula is12/2, C1/1,P 2/3 M 3/3 ( x2 ) = 34. Habitat. Primary and little-disturbed humid tropical and subtropical forests at elevations of 15-1300 m. The Tricolored Big-eared Bat inhabits terra firma and seasonally inundated forest. Food and Feeding. The Tricolored Big-eared Bat is a gleaning insectivore and apparently eats some fruits. Breeding. Reproductive period of the Tricolored Big-eared Bat apparently begins in rainy seasons. In Mexico , none of 13 specimens captured in December were sexually active; females were not pregnant, and testes of the males were small. Activity patterns. The Tricolored Big-eared Bat is nocturnal. It roosts in caves, tunnels, and hollow trees. Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Tricolored Big-eared Bat forms colonies. In Trinidad Island , a colony of 75 individuals was found, sharing space with the Greater Sac-Winged Bat (Saccopteyx bilineata). In Mexico, a colony of 25 individuals was found in a cave, and in another cave, a single individual was found together with four Gray Sac-winged Bats ( Balantiopteryx plicata ). Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Tricolored Big-eared Batis rare, patchily distributed, and poorly known. Apparently, its conservation status is stable in most of its distribution. Bibliography. Felix et al. (2016), Goodwin & Greenhall (1961), Hall & Dalguest (1963), Linares (1987), Medina-Fitoria & Saldana (2012), Morales-Martinez & Suérez-Castro (2014), Simmons (1996), Tirira (2017), Tirira et al. (2016), Williams & Genoways (2008).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Phyllostomidae	Glyphonycteris sylvestris	Glyphonycteris		sylvestris	Thomas	1896	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 6, 18: 302	Tricolored Bat	None.	Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Hda. Miravalles, between 1,400 and 2,000 ft. (427-610 m).	Peru, N Argentina, SE Brazil north to Nayarit and Veracruz (Mexico); Trinidad.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Probably a junior synonym of behnii ; see Simmons (1996). Unvouchered in Honduras (Turcios-Casco et al., 2020).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Glyphonycteris sylvestris	23	Tricolored Big-eared Bat	Brown Small-eared Bat|Little Graybeard Bat|Tricolored Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	GLYPHONYCTERINAE	NA	Glyphonycteris	NA	sylvestris	O. Thomas	1896	0	Glyphonycteris_sylvestris	Thomas, O. (1896). On new small mammals from the Neotropical Region. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Ser.6, 18, 302.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53362#page/314/mode/1up	BM 1896.10.1.2		"Imravalles [= Hacienda Miravalles, Guanacaste], Costa Rica."			sylvestris (O. Thomas, 1896)	NA	NA	Mexico|Honduras|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Trinidad & Tobago|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil	North America|South America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Glyphonycteris_sylvestris	0	sciname match	Glyphonycteris_sylvestris	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	13384	Glyphonycteris sylvestris	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	Glyphonycteris	sylvestris	(Thomas, 1896)	This species previously included Glyphonycteris benhi .	20000000	Glyphonycteris sylvestris	Least Concern		2018	2018-02-21 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	The distribution of the species is disjunct and very poorly known and is thus difficult to evaluate. It is seldom recorded although relatively widely distributed, is tolerant of a broad range of habitats and has a presumed large population, however, the southern population is likely to be severely threatened by loss of habitat. Further taxonomic revision is necessary, after which the status of the Atlantic Forest populations should be reevaluated.	In almost every ecological aspect, this species is poorly known. Found in evergreen and deciduous lowland forest that occurs in moist tropical forests and also know from secondary forests nearby (J. Ochoa, pers. comm.). Roosts in hollow trees and caves in groups of up to 75, it is capable of tolerating other species (Goodwin and Greenhall 1961). Occasionally caught in mist nets or harp traps set over streams (Reid 2009). These bats feed on large insects and occasionally fruit; they forage by gleaning large insects such as cockroaches, dragonflies, and katydids from the vegetation or ground, and they carry their prey back to a feeding roost before eating (Emmons and Feer 1997).	Associated with caves and karstic habitats, the southern disjunct population is severely threatened by habitat loss. Knowledge on roosts for northern populations is not complete as to make a similar recommendation.	Although G. sylvestris is widely distributed in the Neotropical lowlands, it is a rare and poorly known species throughout its range, and capture sites are widely separated (Reid 2009). Being a gleaning insectivore, its populations could be underestimate ;by sampling design (understory mist-netting).	Unknown	Glyphonycteris sylvestris is patchily distributed in Central and South America, and occurs in two disjunct populations (Williams and Genoways 2008). The northern area of occupancy occurs from Nayarit and Veracruz, Mexico, south through Central America to Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela, and Trinidad; whereas a second area of occupancy occurs in southeast Brazil around Sao Paulo and Parana (Simmons 2005, Tirira et al . 2016). It prefers low elevations, mostly below 800 m (Reid 2009, Eisenberg and Redford 1999). In Venezuela know up to 1,100 m (D. Lew, pers. comm.).		Terrestrial	For the southern populations (SE Brazil), the conservation of caves and karstic regions is a priority. Beyond that, the species occurs in a number of protected areas throughout its wide range.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Phyllostomidae	Glyphonycteris		sylvestris	Thomas	1896	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 6, 18: 302	Tricolored Bat	None.	Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Hda. Miravalles, between 1,400 and 2,000 ft. (427-610 m).	Peru, N Argentina, SE Brazil north to Nayarit and Veracruz (Mexico); Trinidad.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Probably a junior synonym of behnii ; see Simmons (1996). Unvouchered in Honduras (Turcios-Casco et al., 2020).	Glyphonycteris sylvestris	1004921	23	Tricolored Big-eared Bat	Brown Small-eared Bat|Little Graybeard Bat|Tricolored Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Phyllostomidae	GLYPHONYCTERINAE	NA	Glyphonycteris	NA	sylvestris	O. Thomas	1896	0	Glyphonycteris_sylvestris	Thomas, O. (1896). On new small mammals from the Neotropical Region. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Ser.6, 18, 302.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53362#page/314/mode/1up	BM 1896.10.1.2		"Imravalles [= Hacienda Miravalles, Guanacaste], Costa Rica."			sylvestris (O. Thomas, 1896)	NA	NA				Mexico|Honduras|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Trinidad & Tobago|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil	North America|South America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Glyphonycteris_sylvestris	0	sciname match	Glyphonycteris_sylvestris	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Glyphonycteris_sylvestris	1004921	23	Tricolored Big-eared Bat	Brown Small-eared Bat|Little Graybeard Bat|Tricolored Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Phyllostomidae	Glyphonycterinae	NA	Glyphonycteris	NA	sylvestris	O. Thomas	0	Glyphonycteris sylvestris	Thomas, O. 1896-10-01. On new small mammals from the Neotropical region. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6)18(106):301-314.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/19211243	BMNH:Mamm:1896.10.1.2	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/b4b74a29-00e2-4604-8bfa-f60e9654a68d	"Imravalles [= Hacienda Miravalles, Guanacaste], Costa Rica."			NA	NA				Mexico|Honduras|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Trinidad and Tobago|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil	North America|South America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Glyphonycteris_sylvestris	0	sciname match	Glyphonycteris_sylvestris	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Phyllostomidae	Glyphonycteris		sylvestris	Thomas	1896	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 6, 18: 302	Tricolored Bat	None.	Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Hda. Miravalles, between 1,400 and 2,000 ft. (427-610 m).	Peru, N Argentina, SE Brazil north to Nayarit and Veracruz (Mexico); Trinidad.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/13384/22123687/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Probably a junior synonym of behnii; see Simmons (1996). Unvouchered in Honduras (Turcios-Casco et al., 2020).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Glyphonycteris sylvestris; Glyphonycteris sylvestris; Glyphonycteris sylvestris; Glyphonycteris sylvestris; Glyphonycteris sylvestris; Glyphonycteris sylvestris; sylvestris; Glyphonyctere sylvestre; Dreifarbige Gro Rohrblattnase; Glifonicteriosilvestre; Brown Small-eared Bat; Little Graybeard Bat; Tricolored Bat; Tricolored Big-eared Bat; Brown Small-eared Bat; Little Graybeard Bat; Tricolored Bat; Tricolored Bat; Tricolored Bat; G. sylvestris