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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L348	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Glossophaga soricina	Glossophaga soricina	Glossophaga soricina	Glossophaga soricina	Glossophaga soricina	Glossophaga soricina	Glossophaga soricina	Glossophaga soricina	Glossophaga soricina	Glossophaga soricina	Glossophaga soricina	Glossophaga soricina	Glossophaga soricina	Glossophaga soricina	Glossophaga soricina		[MSW2] Reviewed by Alvarez et al. (1991, Mammalian Species, 379).; [MSW3] Reviewed by Alvarez et al. (1991); also see Timm and Genoways (2003). Phylogeography discussed by Ditchfield (2000) and Hoffmann and Baker (2001). May contain more than one species, see Hoffmann and Baker (2001).; [HMW] Vespertilio soricinus Pallas, 1766 , type locality not given. Restricted by G. S. Miller in 1912 to Suriname . Prossible specific distinction of subspecies valens has been discussed by some authors, but no systematic assessment has been proposed. Five subspecies currently recognized.; [batnames2022] Does not include antillarum , mutica , or valens ; see Calahorra-Oliart et al. (2021). Reviewed by Alvarez et al. (1991); also see Timm and Genoways (2003). Phylogeography discussed by Ditchfield (2000) and Hoffmann and Baker(2001). May contain more than one species, see Hoffmann and Baker (2001).; [MDD2022] previously included G. antillarum, G. mutica, and G. valens; [IUCN] This concept may contain more than one species; see Hoffmann and Baker (2001) and Simmons (2005).; [batnames2023] Does not include antillarum , mutica , or valens ; see Calahorra-Oliart et al. (2021). Reviewed by Alvarez et al. (1991); also see Timm and Genoways (2003). Phylogeography discussed by Ditchfield (2000) and Hoffmann and Baker(2001). May contain more than one species, see Hoffmann and Baker (2001).; [MDD2023] previously included G. antillarum, G. mutica, and G. valens; [MDD2025_2.0] previously included G. antillarum, G. mutica, and G. valens; [batnames2025_1.7] Does not include antillarum, mutica, or valens; see Calahorra-Oliart et al. (2021). Reviewed by Alvarez et al. (1991); also see Timm and Genoways (2003). Phylogeography discussed by Ditchfield (2000) and Hoffmann and Baker(2001). May contain more than one species, see Hoffmann and Baker (2001).; [MDD2025_2.2] previously included G. antillarum, G. mutica, and G. valens						amplexicaudata, antillarum, handleyi, microtis, mutica, truei, valens, villosa.	mutica, handleyi, antillarum, soricina, valens	soricina, antillarum, handleyi, mutica, valens	amplexicaudata, microtis, nigra, truei, villosa	soricina, antillarum, handleyi, mutica, valens		soricina, antillarum, handleyi	soricina - amplexicaudata, microtis, nigra, truei, villosa	soricina, amplexicaudata, nigra, nigra, villosa, truei, microtis	This concept may contain more than one species; see Hoffmann and Baker (2001) and Simmons (2005).	soricina 	soricina - amplexicaudata, microtis, nigra, truei, villosa	soricina, amplexicaudata, nigra, villosa, truei, microtis 	soricina, amplexicaudata, nigra, nigra, soriana, villosa, truei, microtis 	soricina	soricina - amplexicaudata, microtis, nigra, truei, villosa	soricina (Pallas, 1766)|amplexicaudata von Spix, 1823|nigra (J. E. Gray, 1843) [nomen nudum]|nigra (J. E. Gray, 1844)|soriana J. E. Gray, 1866 [incorrect subsequent spelling]|villosa H. Allen, 1896 [preoccupied]|truei H. Allen, 1897 [nomen novum]|microtis G. S. Miller, 1913		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Pallas' long-tongued bat	N Mexico – N Argentina, Trinidad, Jamaica, ? Bahamas	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Glossophaga soricina	Surinam.	Pallas	1766	Mise. Zool., p. 48.	Distribution: Same as for genus except for Lesser Antilles and some islands off the northern coast of South America.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Pallas's long-tongued bat	N Mexico – N Argentina, Trinidad etc., Jamaica, Bahamas	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Pallas	1766	Misc. Zool., p. 48.	Reviewed by Alvarez et al. (1991, Mammalian Species, 379).	Tamaulipas, Sonora and Tres Marias Isis (Mexico) to Guianas, SE Brazil, N Argentina and Peru; Margarita Isl (Venezuela); Trinidad; Grenada (Lesser Antilles); Jamaica; perhaps Bahama Isis.	Surinam.		PALLAS	1766	Upper incisors procumbent, anterior larger than posterior. Lower incisors large, in contact, and of equal size. Winglike lateral processes of pterygoids present. Presphenoid ridge well developed. Basisphenoid pits shallow. Anterior border of premaxillae elongate. Rostrum about equal to braincase in length. Mandibular symphyseal ridge prominent. Anterior upper molar with well-developed parastyle. Size fairly small (forearm length, 32-39 mm; condylobasal length, 19-22 mm).	Distribution: Same as for genus except for Lesser Antilles and some islands off the northern coast of South America.	Five subspecies are currently recognized:	G. s. mutica (Tres Marias islands off western Mexico), G. s. handleyi (Middle American mainland and western Colombia), G. s. antillarum (Jamaica), G. s. soricina (South American range east of the Andes, including Trinidad and Grenada), G. s. valens (drier areas of western Ecuador and Peru).	80	species	G. soricina	PALLAS	1766	Glossophaga	genus	Glossophaga soricina				Upper incisors procumbent, anterior larger than posterior. Lower incisors large, in contact, and of equal size. Winglike lateral processes of pterygoids present. Presphenoid ridge well developed. Basisphenoid pits shallow. Anterior border of premaxillae elongate. Rostrum about equal to braincase in length. Mandibular symphyseal ridge prominent. Anterior upper molar with well-developed parastyle. Size fairly small (forearm length, 32-39 mm; condylobasal length, 19-22 mm).	Five subspecies are currently recognized:		1. G. soricina (PALLAS 1766).	1	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Phyllostomidae	Glossophaginae	Glossophagini	Glossophaga soricina	Glossophaga		soricina	Pallas	y	1766		Misc. Zool.			48		Pallas's Long-tongued Bat	Surinam.	Tamaulipas, Sonora and Trés Marías Isls (Mexico) south to the Guianas, SE Brazil, N Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Peru; Margarita Isl (Venezuela); Trinidad; Grenada (Lesser Antilles); Jamaica; perhaps Bahama Isls.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	amplexicaudata Spix, 1823; microtis Miller, 1913; nigra Gray, 1844; truei H. Allen, 1897; villosa H. Allen, 1896; antillarum Rehn, 1902; handleyi Webster and Jones, 1980; mutica Merriam, 1898; valens Miller, 1913.	Reviewed by Alvarez et al. (1991); also see Timm and Genoways (2003). Phylogeography discussed by Ditchfield (2000) and Hoffmann and Baker (2001). May contain more than one species, see Hoffmann and Baker (2001).	03A687BCFFACFFAC13A8F591F816FE48	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff9fffc4ffb1ffb1133cffbaffe0f244	513	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/A6/87/03A687BCFFACFFAC13A8F591F816FE48.xml	Glossophaga soricina	Phyllostomidae	Glossophaga	soricina		1766	Glossophage murin @fr | Pallas-Blitenfledermaus @de | Gloséfago de Pallas @es	Vespertilio soricinus Pallas, 1766 , type locality not given. Restricted by G. S. Miller in 1912 to Suriname . Prossible specific distinction of subspecies valens has been discussed by some authors, but no systematic assessment has been proposed. Five subspecies currently recognized.	G.s. soricina Pallas, 1766— South America E of the Andes S to Bolivia, Paraguay, S Brad, and N Aching , eatin Sorenand Trinidad Is. G. s. antillarum Rehn,1902—Jamaica. G.s.handleyiWebster&J.K.Jones,1980—fromW&EMexicolowlandsthroughCentralAmericatoNWSouthAmerica(NW&WColombia). G.s. mutica Merriam,1898— MariasIs, off Pacific coast of Mexico. G. s. valens G. S. Miller, 1913 — South America W of the Andes in W Ecuador and W Peru .	Head-body 45-59 mm, tail 5-12 mm, ear 9-15 mm, hindfoot 7-11 mm, forearm 32-38 mm; weight 7-12 g. Fur of Pallas’s Long-tongued Bat ranges from gray-brown to reddish brown (seldom dark brown); underparts are slightly paler, gray-brown with pale frosting. In more arid areas,it occasionally has yellowish fur from carotenoids associated with pollen of the tree Ceiba pentandra ( Malvaceae ). Pallas’s Longtongued Bat has moderately elongated rostrum that encloses tongue with hair-like papillae that can reach ¢. 40 mm into flowers. Nectar is extracted by dipping this hairy tongue repeatedly into nectar source at a high frequency of c.12 dips/second. Lowerjaw is about the same length as upper jaw. Lower incisors are small but well developed and in contact with each other; upper incisors are moderately procumbent.	Wide variety of subtropical and tropical habitats ranging from arid thorn forests to rainforests and savannas up to elevations above 2500 m . Pallas’s Long-tongued Bat thrives in primary and secondary vegetation and readily occupies heavily modified agricultural and even urban areas, and it uses many man-made structures for roosting. Dueto this flexibility, it is probably the most widely distributed nectarfeeding bat in the Neotropics.	As nectarfeeding specialists, Pallas’s LLong-tongued Bats visit many flowering species—in fact, the most on record—and manyfruits throughout their large distribution. Food requirements of these small nectar specialists are enormous and can be 150-200% of body weight in nectar each night. Generally with rapid hovering flight, they visit many bat-pollinated plant species such as Crescentia spp. ( Bignoniaceae ), Agave spp. ( Asparagaceae ), various species of columnar cacti ( Cactaceae ), and trees such as Pseudobombax ellipticum ( Malvaceae ) and C. pentandra. Being extremely opportunistic, they occasionally exploit flowers from other pollination syndromes that offer larger amounts of nectar or pollen (e.g. insect-pollinated flowers of coconut palm, Cocos nucifera, Arecaceae ), and they also regularly fed from hummingbird feeders. There are only a few reports of species of Glossophaga defending floral resources against conspecifics and other flowervisitors; resource defense seems to occur only at inflorescences offering particularly rich nectar supplies that will satisfy a significant part of nightly energy requirements. Pallas’s Long-tongued Bats are often the dominant nectarfeeding bat in commercial banana ( Musa acuminata, Musaceae ) plantations. Bananas are not native to the Neotropics, and although flowersstill producing significant quantities of nectar, cultivated plants no longer need pollination for fruit production. Consequently, Pallas’s Long-tongued Bats and other nectarfeeding bats sometimes have been regarded as pests because they were suspected to scratch young bananas with their claws while visiting flowers; these scratches increase in size during growth of the banana and can reduce their market value. Nevertheless, this species and other nectar specialists ( Glossophaginae and Lonchophyllinae ) are probably not the origin of such claw marks because they visit flowers almost always in hovering flight and therefore their claws only rarely touch and damage flowers or fruit. More probably, omnivorous spear-nosed bats ( Phyllostomus ) that can also be quite common are the culprits; they are much larger and heavier and always perch on banana inflorescence when drinking nectar. Although all morphological adaptations of Pallas’s Long-tongued Bats point to specialization on a nectar diet, they regularly eat soft fruits (e.g. Cecropia , Urticaceae and Piper , Piperaceae ) and smaller fruits of Ficus spp. ( Moraceae ). Mastication with premolars and molars extracts primarily fruitjuices, but some fruit pulp and seeds are swallowed. Pallas’s Long-tongued Bats regularly eat insects (e.g. moths and small beetles) that they capture in flight. At some locations, they switch seasonally between diets dominated by nectar and diets with increased use offruit and insects.	Reproduction of Pallas’s Long-tongued Bat is generally bimodal, often with birth peaks in dry and wet seasons. Parturition dates vary throughout the distribution and seem to depend locally on plant phenology and resource availability. Young are not born naked but have short gray fur. They are nursed for c.2 months and startto fly at ¢.20-25 days. A few weeks after birth, non-volant young start to regularly lick their mothers’ snouts to be fed regurgitated nectar.	Pallas’s Long-tongued Batis strictly nocturnal, leaving roosts after full darkness. Some evidence suggests bimodal night activity pattern, with first peak just after dusk and second peakjust before dawn. Other evidence suggests a unimodal pattern, with greatest activity occurring three hours after sunset. Emergence is inhibited by high light intensities (daytime or intense moonlight). Pallas’s Long-tongued Bat roosts in many natural and anthropogenic structures such as hollow trees, caves, abandoned houses, mines, and culverts.	Roosts range from small groups of 5-10 individuals in small tree hollows up to several hundred individuals in cave roosts and abandoned buildings. Because of their wide distribution, Pallas’s Long-tongued Bats can share roosts with as many as 30 bat species but most commonly with Seba’s Short-tailed Bats ( Carollia perspicillata ) in natural roosts and man-made structures.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Pallas’s Long-tongued Bat is probably the most abundant and widely distributed small nectarfeeding bat in the Neotropics.	Alvarez et al. (1991) | Bonaccorso (1979) | Clare et al. (2014) | Geiselman & Defex (2015) | von Helversen & von Helversen (1975) | von Helversen & Winter (2003) | Hoffmann & Baker (2001) | Knérnschild etal. (2010) | Lemke (1984) | MacSwiney et al. (2012) | Miller (1912) | Reid (2009) | Rose et al. (2019) | Stephens & Tyson (1975) | Tschapka (2003) | Winter & von Helversen (2003)	https://zenodo.org/record/6458704/files/figure.png	53. Pallas’s Long-tongued Bat Glossophaga soricina French: Glossophage murin / German: Pallas-Blitenfledermaus / Spanish: Gloséfago de Pallas Taxonomy. Vespertilio soricinus Pallas, 1766 , type locality not given. Restricted by G. S. Miller in 1912 to Suriname . Prossible specific distinction of subspecies valens has been discussed by some authors, but no systematic assessment has been proposed. Five subspecies currently recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. G.s.soricinaPallas,1766—SouthAmericaEoftheAndesStoBolivia,Paraguay,SBrad,andNAching,eatinSorenandTrinidadIs. G.s.antillarumRehn,1902—Jamaica. G.s.handleyiWebster&J.K.Jones,1980—fromW&EMexicolowlandsthroughCentralAmericatoNWSouthAmerica(NW&WColombia). G.s.muticaMerriam,1898—MariasIs,offPacificcoastofMexico. G. s. valens G. S. Miller, 1913 — South America W of the Andes in W Ecuador and W Peru . Descriptive notes. Head-body 45-59 mm, tail 5-12 mm, ear 9-15 mm, hindfoot 7-11 mm, forearm 32-38 mm; weight 7-12 g. Fur of Pallas’s Long-tongued Bat ranges from gray-brown to reddish brown (seldom dark brown); underparts are slightly paler, gray-brown with pale frosting. In more arid areas,it occasionally has yellowish fur from carotenoids associated with pollen of the tree Ceiba pentandra ( Malvaceae ). Pallas’s Longtongued Bat has moderately elongated rostrum that encloses tongue with hair-like papillae that can reach ¢. 40 mm into flowers. Nectar is extracted by dipping this hairy tongue repeatedly into nectar source at a high frequency of c.12 dips/second. Lowerjaw is about the same length as upper jaw. Lower incisors are small but well developed and in contact with each other; upper incisors are moderately procumbent. Habitat. Wide variety of subtropical and tropical habitats ranging from arid thorn forests to rainforests and savannas up to elevations above 2500 m . Pallas’s Long-tongued Bat thrives in primary and secondary vegetation and readily occupies heavily modified agricultural and even urban areas, and it uses many man-made structures for roosting. Dueto this flexibility, it is probably the most widely distributed nectarfeeding bat in the Neotropics. Food and Feeding. As nectarfeeding specialists, Pallas’s LLong-tongued Bats visit many flowering species—in fact, the most on record—and manyfruits throughout their large distribution. Food requirements of these small nectar specialists are enormous and can be 150-200% of body weight in nectar each night. Generally with rapid hovering flight, they visit many bat-pollinated plant species such as Crescentia spp. ( Bignoniaceae ), Agave spp. ( Asparagaceae ), various species of columnar cacti ( Cactaceae ), and trees such as Pseudobombax ellipticum ( Malvaceae ) and C. pentandra. Being extremely opportunistic, they occasionally exploit flowers from other pollination syndromes that offer larger amounts of nectar or pollen (e.g. insect-pollinated flowers of coconut palm, Cocos nucifera, Arecaceae ), and they also regularly fed from hummingbird feeders. There are only a few reports of species of Glossophaga defending floral resources against conspecifics and other flowervisitors; resource defense seems to occur only at inflorescences offering particularly rich nectar supplies that will satisfy a significant part of nightly energy requirements. Pallas’s Long-tongued Bats are often the dominant nectarfeeding bat in commercial banana ( Musa acuminata, Musaceae ) plantations. Bananas are not native to the Neotropics, and although flowersstill producing significant quantities of nectar, cultivated plants no longer need pollination for fruit production. Consequently, Pallas’s Long-tongued Bats and other nectarfeeding bats sometimes have been regarded as pests because they were suspected to scratch young bananas with their claws while visiting flowers; these scratches increase in size during growth of the banana and can reduce their market value. Nevertheless, this species and other nectar specialists ( Glossophaginae and Lonchophyllinae ) are probably not the origin of such claw marks because they visit flowers almost always in hovering flight and therefore their claws only rarely touch and damage flowers or fruit. More probably, omnivorous spear-nosed bats ( Phyllostomus ) that can also be quite common are the culprits; they are much larger and heavier and always perch on banana inflorescence when drinking nectar. Although all morphological adaptations of Pallas’s Long-tongued Bats point to specialization on a nectar diet, they regularly eat soft fruits (e.g. Cecropia , Urticaceae and Piper , Piperaceae ) and smaller fruits of Ficus spp. ( Moraceae ). Mastication with premolars and molars extracts primarily fruitjuices, but some fruit pulp and seeds are swallowed. Pallas’s Long-tongued Bats regularly eat insects (e.g. moths and small beetles) that they capture in flight. At some locations, they switch seasonally between diets dominated by nectar and diets with increased use offruit and insects. Breeding. Reproduction of Pallas’s Long-tongued Bat is generally bimodal, often with birth peaks in dry and wet seasons. Parturition dates vary throughout the distribution and seem to depend locally on plant phenology and resource availability. Young are not born naked but have short gray fur. They are nursed for c.2 months and startto fly at ¢.20-25 days. A few weeks after birth, non-volant young start to regularly lick their mothers’ snouts to be fed regurgitated nectar. Activity patterns. Pallas’s Long-tongued Batis strictly nocturnal, leaving roosts after full darkness. Some evidence suggests bimodal night activity pattern, with first peak just after dusk and second peakjust before dawn. Other evidence suggests a unimodal pattern, with greatest activity occurring three hours after sunset. Emergence is inhibited by high light intensities (daytime or intense moonlight). Pallas’s Long-tongued Bat roosts in many natural and anthropogenic structures such as hollow trees, caves, abandoned houses, mines, and culverts. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Roosts range from small groups of 5-10 individuals in small tree hollows up to several hundred individuals in cave roosts and abandoned buildings. Because of their wide distribution, Pallas’s Long-tongued Bats can share roosts with as many as 30 bat species but most commonly with Seba’s Short-tailed Bats ( Carollia perspicillata ) in natural roosts and man-made structures. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Pallas’s Long-tongued Bat is probably the most abundant and widely distributed small nectarfeeding bat in the Neotropics. Bibliography. Alvarez et al. (1991), Bonaccorso (1979), Clare et al. (2014), Geiselman & Defex (2015), von Helversen & von Helversen (1975), von Helversen & Winter (2003), Hoffmann & Baker (2001), Knérnschild etal. (2010), Lemke (1984), MacSwiney et al. (2012), Miller (1912), Reid (2009), Rose et al. (2019), Stephens & Tyson (1975), Tschapka (2003), Winter & von Helversen (2003).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Phyllostomidae	Glossophaga soricina	Glossophaga		soricina	Pallas	1766	1	Misc. Zool.	p. 48	Pallas's Long-tongued Bat	 amplexicaudata Spix, 1823; microtis Miller, 1913; nigra Gray, 1844; truei H. Allen, 1897; villosa H. Allen, 1896; <b>antillarum</b> Rehn, 1902; <b>handleyi</b> Webster and Jones, 1980	Surinam.	Venezuela and the Guianas south to SE Brazil, N Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia; Margarita Isl (Venezuela); Trinidad	Not listed.	Least Concern	Does not include antillarum , mutica , or valens ; see Calahorra-Oliart et al. (2021). Reviewed by Alvarez et al. (1991); also see Timm and Genoways (2003). Phylogeography discussed by Ditchfield (2000) and Hoffmann and Baker(2001). May contain more than one species, see Hoffmann and Baker (2001).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Glossophaga soricina	23	Pallas's Long-tongued Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	GLOSSOPHAGINAE	GLOSSOPHAGINI	Glossophaga	NA	soricina	Pallas	1766	1						type locality not given. Restricted by G. S. Miller in 1912 to Suriname.			soricina (Pallas, 1766)|amplexicaudata Spix, 1823|nigra (J. E. Gray, 1843) [nomen nudum]|nigra J. E. Gray, 1844|villosa H. Allen, 1896 [preoccupied by villosa Rengger, 1830]|truei H. Allen, 1897|microtis G. S. Miller, 1913	previously included G. antillarum, G. mutica, and G. valens	Calahorra-Oliart, A., Ospina-Garcés, S. M., & León-Paniagua, L. (2021). Cryptic species in Glossophaga soricina (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae): do morphological data support molecular evidence?. Journal of Mammalogy, 102(1), 54-68.	Colombia|Venezuela|Trinidad & Tobago|Ecuador|Peru|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Brazil|Bolivia|Paraguay|Argentina	South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Glossophaga_soricina	0	sciname match	Glossophaga_soricina	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	9277	Glossophaga soricina	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	Glossophaga	soricina	(Pallas, 1766)	This concept may contain more than one species; see Hoffmann and Baker (2001) and Simmons (2005).	20000000	Glossophaga soricina	Least Concern		2015	2015-07-20 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Least Concern because of its wide distribution, presumed large population, occurrence in a number of protected areas, tolerance to some degree of habitat modification, and as it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category.	It is found in forests (south), and rural and urban areas (north). It can be found in caves, tunnels and houses, and Willig (1983) found more than 2,000 individuals in an abandoned house in Brazil. It co-inhabits with ;bats of the genus ;Carollia . This species is nectarivorous.	There are no major threats throughout its range. Deforestation is a localised threat and in Argentina it faces many threats (Barquez pers. comm.).	It is scarce in the south of its distribution and abundant in the north.	Stable	This species occurs in Tamaulipas, Sonora and Trés Marías Isls (Mexico) south to the Guianas, southeastern Brazil, northern Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia and Peru. It is also found on Margarita Island (Venezuela), Trinidad, Grenada (Lesser Antilles) and Jamaica (Simmons 2005).	This species is not used.	Terrestrial	The recommended conservation action is to reduce habitat loss. Taxonomic revision is needed for this species. It is found in protected areas.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Phyllostomidae	Glossophaga		soricina	Pallas	1766	1	Misc. Zool.	p. 48	Pallas's Long-tongued Bat	 amplexicaudata Spix, 1823; microtis Miller, 1913; nigra Gray, 1844; truei H. Allen, 1897; villosa H. Allen, 1896; <b>antillarum</b> Rehn, 1902; <b>handleyi</b> Webster and Jones, 1980	Surinam.	Venezuela and the Guianas south to SE Brazil, N Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia; Margarita Isl (Venezuela); Trinidad	Not listed.	Least Concern	Does not include antillarum , mutica , or valens ; see Calahorra-Oliart et al. (2021). Reviewed by Alvarez et al. (1991); also see Timm and Genoways (2003). Phylogeography discussed by Ditchfield (2000) and Hoffmann and Baker(2001). May contain more than one species, see Hoffmann and Baker (2001).	Glossophaga soricina	1004913	23	Pallas's Long-tongued Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Phyllostomidae	GLOSSOPHAGINAE	GLOSSOPHAGINI	Glossophaga	NA	soricina	Pallas	1766	1						type locality not given. Restricted by G. S. Miller in 1912 to Suriname.			soricina (Pallas, 1766)|amplexicaudata Spix, 1823|nigra (J. E. Gray, 1843) [nomen nudum]|nigra J. E. Gray, 1844|villosa H. Allen, 1896 [preoccupied by villosa Rengger, 1830]|truei H. Allen, 1897|microtis G. S. Miller, 1913	previously included G. antillarum, G. mutica, and G. valens	Calahorra-Oliart, A., Ospina-Garcés, S. M., & León-Paniagua, L. (2021). Cryptic species in Glossophaga soricina (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae): do morphological data support molecular evidence?. Journal of Mammalogy, 102(1), 54-68.				Colombia|Venezuela|Trinidad & Tobago|Ecuador|Peru|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Brazil|Bolivia|Paraguay|Argentina	South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Glossophaga_soricina	0	sciname match	Glossophaga_soricina	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Glossophaga_soricina	1004913	23	Pallas's Long-tongued Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Phyllostomidae	Glossophaginae	Glossophagini	Glossophaga	NA	soricina	Pallas	1	Vespertilio soricinus	Pallas, P.S. 1766. Miscellanea Zoologica Quibus novæ imprimis atque obscuræ Animalium Species describuntur et observationibus iconibusque illustrantur. Petrus van Cleef, The Hague, 224 pp.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43320965				type locality not given. Restricted by G. S. Miller in 1912 to Suriname.			previously included G. antillarum, G. mutica, and G. valens	Calahorra-Oliart, A., Ospina-Garcés, S. M., & León-Paniagua, L. (2021). Cryptic species in Glossophaga soricina (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae): do morphological data support molecular evidence?. Journal of Mammalogy, 102(1), 54-68.				Colombia|Venezuela|Trinidad and Tobago|Ecuador|Peru|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Brazil|Bolivia|Paraguay|Argentina	South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Glossophaga_soricina	0	sciname match	Glossophaga_soricina	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Phyllostomidae	Glossophaga		soricina	Pallas	1766	1	Misc. Zool.	p. 48	Pallas's Long-tongued Bat	amplexicaudata Spix, 1823; microtis Miller, 1913; nigra Gray, 1844; truei H. Allen, 1897; villosa H. Allen, 1896; antillarum Rehn, 1902; handleyi Webster and Jones, 1980	Surinam.	Venezuela and the Guianas south to SE Brazil, N Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia; Margarita Isl (Venezuela); Trinidad	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/9277/22107768/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Does not include antillarum, mutica, or valens; see Calahorra-Oliart et al. (2021). Reviewed by Alvarez et al. (1991); also see Timm and Genoways (2003). Phylogeography discussed by Ditchfield (2000) and Hoffmann and Baker(2001). May contain more than one species, see Hoffmann and Baker (2001).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Glossophaga soricina; Glossophaga soricina; Glossophaga soricina; Glossophaga soricina; Glossophaga soricina; Glossophaga soricina; soricina; antillarum; handleyi; mutica; valens; amplexicaudata; microtis; nigra; truei; villosa; soricina; antillarum; handleyi; mutica; valens; antillarum; handleyi; amplexicaudata; microtis; nigra; truei; villosa; soricina; amplexicaudata; nigra; nigra; villosa; truei; microtis; Glossophage murin; Pallas-Blitenfledermaus; Gloséfago de Pallas; Pallas's Long-tongued Bat; Pallas's Long-tongued Bat; Pallas's Long-tongued Bat; G. soricina