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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L304	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	Eumops glaucinus [synonym of]	N/A	Eumops glaucinus [synonym of]	Eumops ferox	Eumops ferox	Eumops ferox	Eumops ferox	Eumops ferox	Eumops ferox	Eumops ferox	Eumops ferox	Eumops ferox		[HMW] Molossus ferox Gundlach in Peters, 1861, “Fundador,” Camarioca, Cuba . Eumops ferox was recently separated from the slightly larger E. glaucinus based on chromosomal and molecular differences. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Distinct from glaucinus; see McDonough et al. (2008). May not be monophyletic or may include floridanus (see Bartlett et al. 2013). Does not occur in Belize (B. Miller, pers. comm., 4/4/2019); [MDD2022] split from E. glaucinus; [IUCN] In previous Red List assessments, this species was included within Eumops glaucinus . McDonough et al. (2008) and Baker et al . (2009) provided support for the elevation to species of 2 taxa within E. glaucinus , E. ferox and E. wilsoni , using mitochondrial gene sequence, karyotypic, morphological, and amplified fragment length polymorphism data. Their analysis supported 3 distinctive clades within the E. glaucinus complex: E. glaucinus from Paraguay and Venezuela; E. ferox and E. floridanus from Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, and the United States; and a new species from Ecuador, E. wilsoni (Baker et al. 2009).; [batnames2023] Distinct from glaucinus; see McDonough et al. (2008). May not be monophyletic or may include floridanus (see Bartlett et al. 2013). Does not occur in Belize (B. Miller, pers. comm., 4/4/2019); [MDD2023] split from E. glaucinus; [MDD2025_2.0] split from E. glaucinus; [batnames2025_1.7] Distinct from glaucinus; see McDonough et al. (2008). May not be monophyletic or may include floridanus (see Bartlett et al. 2013). Does not occur in Belize (B. Miller, pers. comm., 4/4/2019); [MDD2025_2.2] split from E. glaucinus														ferox, orthotis	In previous Red List assessments, this species was included within Eumops glaucinus . McDonough et al. (2008) and Baker et al . (2009) provided support for the elevation to species of 2 taxa within E. glaucinus , E. ferox and E. wilsoni , using mitochondrial gene sequence, karyotypic, morphological, and amplified fragment length polymorphism data. Their analysis supported 3 distinctive clades within the E. glaucinus complex: E. glaucinus from Paraguay and Venezuela; E. ferox and E. floridanus from Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, and the United States; and a new species from Ecuador, E. wilsoni (Baker et al. 2009).			ferox, orthotis 	ferox, orthotis 			ferox (J. C. Gundlach in W. C. H. Peters, 1861)|orthotis (H. Allen, 1889)						N/A																																								NA																											194287C9FFB0BA1CB48AFB76BA17F8C9	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Molossidae_598.pdf.imf	hash://md5/e57bffb1ffbcba10b412f760b226ffce	631	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/19/42/87/194287C9FFB0BA1CB48AFB76BA17F8C9.xml	Eumops ferox	Molossidae	Eumops	ferox		1861	Eumope féroce @fr | Wilde Bulldogfledermaus @de | Eumops salvaje @es | Chestnut Mastiff Bat @en | Wild Bonneted Bat @en	Molossus ferox Gundlach in Peters, 1861, “Fundador,” Camarioca, Cuba . Eumops ferox was recently separated from the slightly larger E. glaucinus based on chromosomal and molecular differences. Monotypic.	Patchily from C Mexico (S Jalisco , Morelos , and N Veracruz ) S into Central America and the Caribbean ( Cuba and Jamaica ).	Head—body 75-95 mm, tail 40-54 mm, ear 22-29 mm, hindfoot 10-15 mm, forearm 55-63 mm; weight 34-42 g. See general characteristics of the genus under the Black Bonneted Bat ( E. auripendulus ). Dorsal fur of the Fierce Bonneted Batis white at bases and brownish at tips, with some grayish tinge. Face and wings are black-brown. There are long, bristly hairs on toes of hindfoot. Upper lip covers sides of lower lip and is oblique to nostrils, creating flat spot between mouth and muzzle. Ears are finely haired. Tragus is square-shaped and broad. Eyes are almost covered by ears. It has welldeveloped semi-oval basisphenoid and curved incisors. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 38 and FN = 62 or 64.	Lowland evergreen forests, deciduous forests, thorn scrub, and urban areas up to elevations of ¢. 900 m .	Fierce Bonneted Bats prey on beetles, moths, and orthopterans.	On the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, pregnant Fierce Bonneted Bats were found from late April to June, with lactating females from late June to July. Pregnant females and subadults were documented in July in Jamaica . In Cuba , pregnant females were found in September—October, with lactating females in July and September—November, post-lactating females in April and September—-November, non-reproductively active females in March and September—October, juveniles in June-July and September—October, and subadults in April and September—November, which suggests polyestry.	Fierce Bonneted Bats are primarily active during first two hours after sunset, with secondary peak before sunrise. There are reports of foraging over water before midnight. It flies in clearings and near water, such as ponds and swimming pools, and roosts in caves, tree hollows, and roofs of houses.	Colonies of up to 32 individuals have been reported in Cuba . The Fierce Bonneted Bat reportedly roosts with Jamaican Fruit-eating Bats (Artibeus jamaicensis), Parnell’s Common Mustached Bats (Pteronotus parnellit), Waterhouse’s Leaf-nosed Bats (Macrotus waterhousii), Leach’s Single-leaf Bats (Monophyllus redmanz), and Big Free-tailed Bats ( Nyctinomops macrotis ) In Jamaica .	Not assessed on The IUCN Red Lust.	Baker et al. (2009) | Bowles et al. (1990) | Eger (1977, 2008) | Genoways et al. (2005) | McDonough et al. (2008) | Ortega (2014) | Reid (1997) | Silva-Taboada (1979)	https://zenodo.org/record/6772295/files/figure.png	31. Fierce Bonneted Bat Eumops ferox French: Eumope féroce / German: Wilde Bulldogfledermaus / Spanish: Eumops salvaje Other common names: Chestnut Mastiff Bat , Wild Bonneted Bat Taxonomy. Molossus ferox Gundlach in Peters, 1861, “Fundador,” Camarioca, Cuba . Eumops ferox was recently separated from the slightly larger E. glaucinus based on chromosomal and molecular differences. Monotypic. Distribution. Patchily from C Mexico (S Jalisco , Morelos , and N Veracruz ) S into Central America and the Caribbean ( Cuba and Jamaica ). Descriptive notes. Head—body 75-95 mm, tail 40-54 mm, ear 22-29 mm, hindfoot 10-15 mm, forearm 55-63 mm; weight 34-42 g. See general characteristics of the genus under the Black Bonneted Bat ( E. auripendulus ). Dorsal fur of the Fierce Bonneted Batis white at bases and brownish at tips, with some grayish tinge. Face and wings are black-brown. There are long, bristly hairs on toes of hindfoot. Upper lip covers sides of lower lip and is oblique to nostrils, creating flat spot between mouth and muzzle. Ears are finely haired. Tragus is square-shaped and broad. Eyes are almost covered by ears. It has welldeveloped semi-oval basisphenoid and curved incisors. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 38 and FN = 62 or 64. Habitat. Lowland evergreen forests, deciduous forests, thorn scrub, and urban areas up to elevations of ¢. 900 m . Food and Feeding. Fierce Bonneted Bats prey on beetles, moths, and orthopterans. Breeding. On the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, pregnant Fierce Bonneted Bats were found from late April to June, with lactating females from late June to July. Pregnant females and subadults were documented in July in Jamaica . In Cuba , pregnant females were found in September—October, with lactating females in July and September—November, post-lactating females in April and September—-November, non-reproductively active females in March and September—October, juveniles in June-July and September—October, and subadults in April and September—November, which suggests polyestry. Activity patterns. Fierce Bonneted Bats are primarily active during first two hours after sunset, with secondary peak before sunrise. There are reports of foraging over water before midnight. It flies in clearings and near water, such as ponds and swimming pools, and roosts in caves, tree hollows, and roofs of houses. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Colonies of up to 32 individuals have been reported in Cuba . The Fierce Bonneted Bat reportedly roosts with Jamaican Fruit-eating Bats (Artibeus jamaicensis), Parnell’s Common Mustached Bats (Pteronotus parnellit), Waterhouse’s Leaf-nosed Bats (Macrotus waterhousii), Leach’s Single-leaf Bats (Monophyllus redmanz), and Big Free-tailed Bats ( Nyctinomops macrotis ) In Jamaica . Status and Conservation. Not assessed on The IUCN Red Lust. Bibliography. Baker et al. (2009), Bowles et al. (1990), Eger (1977, 2008), Genoways et al. (2005), McDonough et al. (2008), Ortega (2014), Reid (1997), Silva-Taboada (1979).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Molossidae	Eumops ferox	Eumops		ferox	Gundlach	1861	1	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin	1861, pt. 1: 149	Wild Bonneted Bat	None.	Cuba	S. Mexico through Central America, Cuba, Jamaica.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Distinct from glaucinus; see McDonough et al. (2008). May not be monophyletic or may include floridanus (see Bartlett et al. 2013). Does not occur in Belize (B. Miller, pers. comm., 4/4/2019)	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Eumops ferox	23	Fierce Bonneted Bat	Chestnut Mastiff Bat|Wild Bonneted Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	MOLOSSIDAE	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Eumops	NA	ferox	Gundlach	1861	1	Molossus_ferox	Gundlach, J. (1861). In Peters, W. C. H. Ãœbersicht der von Hrn. Dr. Gundlach beobachteten Flederthiere auf Cuba. Monatsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1861, 149.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111883#page/159/mode/1up	ZMB 2587 [lectotype]		"Fundador," Camarioca, Cuba.			ferox (Gundlach, 1861)|orthotis (H. Allen, 1889)	split from E. glaucinus	McDonough, M. M., Ammerman, L. K., Timm, R. M., Genoways, H. H., Larsen, P. A., & Baker, R. J. (2008). Speciation within bonneted bats (genus Eumops): the complexity of morphological, mitochondrial, and nuclear data sets in systematics. Journal of Mammalogy, 89(5), 1306-1315.	Cuba|Jamaica|Mexico|Belize|Guatemala|El Salvador|Honduras|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama	North America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Eumops_ferox	0	unmatched	NA	1	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	90000000	Eumops ferox	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	MOLOSSIDAE	Eumops	ferox	Gundlach, 1861	In previous Red List assessments, this species was included within Eumops glaucinus . McDonough et al. (2008) and Baker et al . (2009) provided support for the elevation to species of 2 taxa within E. glaucinus , E. ferox and E. wilsoni , using mitochondrial gene sequence, karyotypic, morphological, and amplified fragment length polymorphism data. Their analysis supported 3 distinctive clades within the E. glaucinus complex: E. glaucinus from Paraguay and Venezuela; E. ferox and E. floridanus from Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, and the United States; and a new species from Ecuador, E. wilsoni (Baker et al. 2009).	90000000	Eumops ferox	Least Concern		2019	2019-02-08 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	The species is listed as Least Concern because of its wide distribution and being relatively common at some areas; some uncertainties about its distinction from closely related species (like ;E. glaucinus , E. floridanus or ;E. wilsoni ) do not affect its status.	Found at deciduous and semi-deciduous tropical forests, also in the ecotone of tropical humid and oak-forest (Ceballos and Oliva 2005). They roost in man-made structures (such as underneath roof shingles) and tree hollows. ;Roosts consist of multiple individuals, up to 15 individuals. They emerge from its roost shortly after sunset to forage. Its diet consist of insects caught at great heights, but they can forage over water bodies. ;Available records suggest it has ;a single annual breeding season, with pregnant females recorded from April through June, while lactating females have been documented in June and July (Best et al . 1997).	So far, threats to this species are unknown.	As usual with high-flying insectivores, it is rarely captured through its distribution. However, this could be a bias of the method (mist-netting) and not a real status of its populations. It has been found as relatively common at certain localities in Mexico (Ceballos and Oliva 2005) and Cuba.	Stable	As currently understood, Eumops ferox is distributed in the Caribbean, Mexico, and Central America (Eger 1977, McDonough et al. 2008).		Terrestrial	Through its apparent extensive range from S Mexico through Central America,the species must be present in at least a few protected areas. It has been hypothesized that E. ferox ;and ;E. floridanus are closely related because their recent divergence caused incomplete lineage sorting (Baker et al . 2009), making difficult the use of molecular identifications (although their geographic ranges are well-established).	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Molossidae	Eumops		ferox	Gundlach	1861	1	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin	1861, pt. 1: 149	Wild Bonneted Bat	None.	Cuba	S. Mexico through Central America, Cuba, Jamaica.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Distinct from glaucinus; see McDonough et al. (2008). May not be monophyletic or may include floridanus (see Bartlett et al. 2013). Does not occur in Belize (B. Miller, pers. comm., 4/4/2019)	Eumops ferox	1005180	23	Fierce Bonneted Bat	Chestnut Mastiff Bat|Wild Bonneted Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Molossidae	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Eumops	NA	ferox	Gundlach	1861	1	Molossus_ferox	Gundlach, J. (1861). In Peters, W. C. H. Ãœbersicht der von Hrn. Dr. Gundlach beobachteten Flederthiere auf Cuba. Monatsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1861, 149.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111883#page/159/mode/1up	ZMB 2587 [lectotype]		"Fundador," Camarioca, Cuba.			ferox (Gundlach, 1861)|orthotis (H. Allen, 1889)	split from E. glaucinus	McDonough, M. M., Ammerman, L. K., Timm, R. M., Genoways, H. H., Larsen, P. A., & Baker, R. J. (2008). Speciation within bonneted bats (genus Eumops): the complexity of morphological, mitochondrial, and nuclear data sets in systematics. Journal of Mammalogy, 89(5), 1306-1315.				Cuba|Jamaica|Mexico|Belize|Guatemala|El Salvador|Honduras|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama	North America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Eumops_ferox	0	unmatched	NA	1	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Eumops_ferox	1005180	23	Fierce Bonneted Bat	Chestnut Mastiff Bat|Wild Bonneted Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Molossidae	Molossinae	NA	Eumops	NA	ferox	J. C. Gundlach in W. C. H. Peters	1	Molossus ferox	Peters, W.C.H. 1861. Hr. W. Peters theilte eine Ãœbersicht der von Hrn. Dr. Gundlach beobachteten Flederthiere auf Cuba mit. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1861:149-156.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36281616	ZMB 2587	lectotype		"Fundador," Camarioca, Cuba.			split from E. glaucinus	McDonough, M. M., Ammerman, L. K., Timm, R. M., Genoways, H. H., Larsen, P. A., & Baker, R. J. (2008). Speciation within bonneted bats (genus Eumops): the complexity of morphological, mitochondrial, and nuclear data sets in systematics. Journal of Mammalogy, 89(5), 1306-1315.				Cuba|Jamaica|Mexico|Belize|Guatemala|El Salvador|Honduras|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama	North America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Eumops_ferox	0	unmatched	NA	1	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Molossidae	Eumops		ferox	Gundlach in Peters	1861	1	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin	1861, pt. 1: 149	Wild Bonneted Bat	None.	Cuba	S. Mexico through Central America, Cuba, Jamaica	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/87994072/87994075/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Distinct from glaucinus; see McDonough et al. (2008). May not be monophyletic or may include floridanus (see Bartlett et al. 2013). Does not occur in Belize (B. Miller, pers. comm., 4/4/2019)		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Eumops ferox; Eumops ferox; Eumops ferox; Eumops ferox; Eumops ferox; ferox; orthotis; Eumope féroce; Wilde Bulldogfledermaus; Eumops salvaje; Chestnut Mastiff Bat; Wild Bonneted Bat; Fierce Bonneted Bat; Chestnut Mastiff Bat; Wild Bonneted Bat; Wild Bonneted Bat; E. ferox